全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 9

While the shift to asynchronous communication has undoubtedly liberated remote teams from the tyranny of back-to-back video conferences, it has introduced a subtle cognitive tax. Employees now spend an average of two hours daily parsing overly detailed emails and project boards, attempting to decipher tone and priority without the aid of real-time cues. This perpetual state of interpretation not only induces decision fatigue but also inadvertently fosters silos, as individuals withdraw into solitary task execution to avoid the laborious process of collaborative clarification. [Q1] What is the speaker's primary concern regarding asynchronous communication?

中文翻譯

雖然轉向非同步溝通無疑將遠端團隊從接踵而來的視訊會議噩夢中解放出來，但它也帶來了隱形的認知負擔。員工現在平均每天花費兩個小時來解析過於繁複的電子郵件和專案看板，試圖在缺乏即時線索的情況下，解讀字裡行間的語氣和優先順序。這種不斷需要解讀他人意圖的狀態，不僅會導致決策疲勞，還會在無形中造成各自為政的孤島現象，因為大家為了避免合作溝通時繁瑣的澄清過程，寧願退縮回去獨自執行任務。請問說話者對於非同步溝通的主要擔憂是什麼？

Vertical farming has been heralded as the savior of urban agriculture, promising pesticide-free, local produce grown with minimal water. However, the environmental ledger is not entirely positive. The energy required to maintain the artificial climate and constant LED lighting in these high-tech warehouses often eclipses the carbon savings from reduced transportation. Until our energy grids are fully transitioned to renewable sources, these indoor operations may simply be shifting the environmental burden from soil degradation to atmospheric emissions. [Q2] What point does the speaker make about vertical farming?

中文翻譯

垂直農業一直被譽為都市農業的救星，承諾能以極少的水量種植出無農藥的在地農產品。然而，其整體的環境帳目並不完全是正面的。在這些高科技倉庫中，維持人工氣候與持續 LED 照明所需的能源，往往超過了因減少運輸所節省的碳排放。在我們的電網完全轉型為再生能源之前，這些室內運作可能只是將環境負擔從土壤退化轉移到大氣排放。

The 'right to repair' movement has gained significant momentum, prompting manufacturers to reconsider their product design philosophies. For years, proprietary screws and glued-in batteries were the norm, effectively forcing consumers into a cycle of constant upgrades. While some tech giants argue that restricted repair access protects intellectual property and user safety, critics counter that this is merely a thin veil for planned obsolescence. The transition toward modular, user-serviceable devices represents a fundamental shift in how we define ownership in the digital age. [Q3] According to the speaker, why have manufacturers historically restricted self-repair?

中文翻譯

「維修權」（right to repair）運動已獲得顯著進展，促使製造商重新審視其產品設計理念。多年來，專利螺絲和黏死（膠合）的電池已成常態，這實際上迫使消費者陷入不斷購買新品升級的循環。雖然部分科技巨頭聲稱，限制維修管道是為了保護智慧財產權與使用者安全，但批評者反駁這不過是「計畫性報廢」（planned obsolescence）的虛飾藉口。朝向模組化、使用者可自行維修裝置的轉變，代表了我們在數位時代對「所有權」定義的根本性變革。

Integrating gamification into high school curricula is often praised for boosting student engagement, yet its long-term efficacy remains questionable. When educational content is constantly wrapped in points, badges, and leaderboards, students may develop a transactional view of learning. They become conditioned to seek external rewards rather than cultivating intrinsic curiosity. Once the superficial game mechanics are removed, educators often find that the underlying motivation to explore complex topics has actually diminished. [Q4] What is the speaker's attitude toward gamification in education?

中文翻譯

將遊戲化融入高中課程常因能提升學生的學習參與度而受到讚譽，然而其長期效果依然存疑。當教學內容不斷被包裝在積分、徽章和排行榜中，學生可能會對學習產生一種「交易式」的觀點。他們會被制約去追求外部獎勵，而非培養內在的好奇心。一旦這些表面的遊戲機制被移除，教育工作者往往會發現，學生探索複雜主題的內在動機實際上不增反減。

Fermentation is undergoing a culinary renaissance, moving far beyond traditional preservation to become a cornerstone of sustainable gastronomy. By using benign microbes to transform food waste—such as spent coffee grounds or fruit peels—into rich condiments, chefs are redefining the limits of circular dining. This process does not merely mask the undesirable textures of byproducts; it biochemically alters them, unlocking complex umami flavors that rival those of premium aged ingredients. It represents a paradigm shift where waste is no longer managed, but actively celebrated. [Q5] What is the primary benefit of fermentation highlighted in the talk?

中文翻譯

發酵正在經歷一場廚藝復興，它早已超越傳統的保存功能，成為永續餐飲的基石。藉由利用有益微生物將剩食——例如咖啡渣或果皮——轉化為風味濃郁的調味料，主廚們正在重新定義循環餐飲的界限。這個過程不僅能掩蓋副產品不佳的口感，還能從生物化學的角度改變它們，釋放出堪比頂級熟成食材的複雜鮮味。這代表了一種典範轉移，廢棄物不再只是被動處理，而是被積極推崇與慶祝。

To combat the relentless influx of day-trippers, several historic European cities have initiated experimental entry fees. Critics argue these micro-taxes do little to deter affluent tourists while unfairly penalizing low-income visitors from neighboring regions. Furthermore, local shopkeepers worry that discouraging casual foot traffic will devastate small businesses that rely on impulse purchases. The consensus among urban planners is that rather than imposing flat fees, cities should implement dynamic reservation systems that distribute visitor numbers evenly across off-peak hours. [Q6] What alternative solution do urban planners prefer over flat entry fees?

中文翻譯

為了應對源源不絕的一日遊旅客，數個歐洲歷史名城已開始試行收取入場費。批評者指出，這些微額稅收幾乎無法阻遏富裕的遊客，卻不公平地懲罰了來自鄰近地區的低收入訪客。此外，當地店家擔心，抑制隨意閒逛的客流量將重創依賴即興消費的小型商家。都市計畫專家的共識是，與其徵收固定費用，城市更應該實施動態預約系統，將訪客數量均勻分配到離峰時段。

Imposter syndrome is frequently framed as an individual psychological flaw that employees must overcome through self-help and resilience training. However, this perspective conveniently absolves organizations of their responsibility. Environments characterized by vague performance metrics, lack of diverse representation, and a culture of hyper-competition are breeding grounds for self-doubt. To truly dismantle imposter syndrome, we must stop trying to fix the individual and start addressing the systemic ambiguity that fuels insecurity in the workplace. [Q7] According to the speaker, what is the root cause of imposter syndrome in professional settings?

中文翻譯

冒牌者症候群（imposter syndrome）經常被歸咎於個人的心理缺陷，認為員工必須透過自我提升和韌性培訓來克服。然而，這種觀點卻便利地免除了組織應負的責任。績效指標模糊、缺乏多元代表性以及過度競爭的文化，正是孕育自我懷疑的溫床。要真正根除冒牌者症候群，我們必須停止試圖改變個人，並開始著手解決職場中助長不安全感的系統性模糊問題。

The field of biomimicry looks to nature not just for aesthetic inspiration, but for elegant engineering solutions. Take the Namib Desert beetle, which survives in one of the aridest places on Earth by harvesting water from morning fog using its bumpy back. Engineers have analyzed the hydrophobic and hydrophilic patterns on the beetle's shell to design building facades capable of collecting moisture from the air. This biomimetic approach could revolutionize water security in drought-prone coastal regions, providing a passive, energy-free source of freshwater. [Q8] How are engineers utilizing the Namib Desert beetle's adaptation?

中文翻譯

仿生學領域不僅從大自然中汲取美學靈感，更尋求精妙的工程解決方案。以納米比沙漠甲蟲為例，牠們利用凹凸不平的背部收集清晨霧氣中的水分，從而在地球上最乾旱的地區之一生存下來。工程師分析了這款甲蟲外殼上的疏水和親水圖案，以設計出能夠從空氣中收集水分的建築外牆。這種仿生方法有望徹底改變易旱沿海地區的水安全，提供一種被動、無需消耗能源的淡水來源。[Q8] 工程師是如何利用納米比沙漠甲蟲的適應特性？

Many ambitious professionals view sleep deprivation as a badge of honor, a necessary sacrifice on the altar of productivity. Yet, neuroscience reveals this to be a profound delusion. Chronic sleep restriction severely impairs the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive function, risk assessment, and emotional regulation. Consequently, sleep-deprived individuals are notoriously bad at judging their own level of impairment. They may feel they are functioning optimally, while their actual performance on cognitive tests tells a starkly different story. [Q9] What paradox does the speaker point out regarding sleep-deprived individuals?

中文翻譯

許多野心勃勃的專業人士將睡眠不足視為一種榮譽勳章，是為了提高生產力而做出的必要犧牲。然而，神經科學研究指出，這完全是一種嚴重的錯覺。長期睡眠不足會嚴重損害前額葉皮質——也就是大腦中負責執行功能、風險評估和情緒調節的區域。因此，睡眠不足的人非常不擅長評估自己受損的程度。他們可能會自認狀態極佳，但他們在認知測試中的實際表現卻完全是另一回事。[Q9] 關於睡眠不足的人，講者指出了什麼矛盾之處？

The subscription business model has expanded from software and streaming to everyday essentials like coffee, vitamins, and even socks. While convenient, this shift exploits a psychological bias known as 'subscription inertia.' Once enrolled, consumers tend to overestimate the effort required to cancel, or they simply forget about the recurring charges altogether. For businesses, this translates to a highly predictable stream of recurring revenue, but for consumers, it often results in paying a premium for products they rarely use or no longer need. [Q10] What does the term 'subscription inertia' refer to?

中文翻譯

訂閱制商業模式已從軟體和串流媒體擴展到咖啡、維他命甚至襪子等日常必需品。雖然方便，但這種轉變利用了一種被稱為「訂閱慣性」（subscription inertia）的心理偏差。一旦加入訂閱，消費者往往會高估取消訂閱所需的精力，或者乾脆完全忘記了這筆定期扣款。對企業來說，這代表著高度可預測的定期收入來源；但對消費者而言，這往往導致他們為極少使用或不再需要的產品支付額外的費用。[Q10] 「訂閱慣性」一詞指的是什麼？

As global temperatures rise, cities are grappling with the intensifying 'urban heat island' effect, where concrete and asphalt trap heat, making urban centers significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. While planting street trees is a popular remedy, urban planners are now advocating for 'cool roofs' and 'permeable pavements.' Cool roofs, coated with reflective materials, bounce solar radiation back into space, while permeable pavements allow water to seep through and cool the ground via evaporation. Integrating these materials into building codes is crucial for long-term climate resilience. [Q11] According to the speaker, how do 'cool roofs' help mitigate urban heat?

中文翻譯

隨著全球氣溫上升，各大城市正努力應對日益嚴重的「都市熱島」效應。在這種效應下，混凝土和瀝青會鎖住熱量，導致市中心明顯比周圍的郊區更為溫暖。雖然種植行道樹是常見的改善對策，但都市規劃師現在正提倡使用「涼爽屋頂」（cool roofs）和「透水鋪面」（permeable pavements）。塗有高反射材料的涼爽屋頂可以將太陽輻射反射回太空，而透水鋪面則能讓水分滲透，並透過蒸發作用來冷卻地面。將這些材料納入建築法規，對於長期的氣候韌性至關重要。根據講者的說法，「涼爽屋頂」是如何幫助緩解都市熱能的？

For decades, the cognitive benefits of bilingualism were thought to be restricted to early childhood development, particularly in executive function and mental flexibility. However, longitudinal studies have now demonstrated a far more profound long-term impact: cognitive reserve. Bilingual individuals, by constantly managing two linguistic systems, build robust neural networks that can delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline symptoms by up to five years. This suggests that language learning is not just an academic asset, but a lifelong investment in neurological health. [Q12] What major benefit of bilingualism does the speaker emphasize based on recent longitudinal studies?

中文翻譯

數十年來，人們一直認為雙語能力的認知益處僅限於幼兒時期的發展，特別是在執行功能和心理靈活性方面。然而，長期追蹤研究現已證實一項更為深遠的長期影響：認知儲備。雙語人士透過不斷管理兩種語言系統，建立了強健的神經網絡，這能使與年齡相關的認知能力下降症狀延緩長達五年。這顯示學習語言不僅是一項學術資產，更是對神經系統健康的一生投資。

The integration of generative artificial intelligence into professional writing has sparked fears of widespread deskilling. If an algorithm can draft a coherent memo or proposal in seconds, critics argue, employees will lose the ability to formulate structured arguments themselves. However, this view overlooks the history of technology. Just as calculators freed mathematicians to focus on higher-level theory, AI writing assistants can liberate professionals from the drudgery of drafting, allowing them to focus on refining core concepts and ensuring strategic alignment. [Q13] What analogy does the speaker use to defend the use of AI writing assistants?

中文翻譯

將生成式人工智慧整合至專業寫作中，引發了人們對於技能普遍退化的擔憂。批評者認為，如果演算法能在幾秒鐘內起草一份條理分明的備忘錄或提案，員工將失去自己建構論點的能力。然而，這種觀點忽略了科技發展的歷史。正如計算機解放了數學家，讓他們能專注於更高層次的理論一樣，AI寫作助手也能將專業人士從枯燥的起草工作中解放出來，讓他們專注於提煉核心概念並確保符合策略方向。

Salt is so ubiquitous and inexpensive today that we easily forget its historical status as a precious commodity, once used as currency and a catalyst for empires. Historically, the primary value of salt lay not in its flavor-enhancing properties, but in its ability to dehydrate food and inhibit bacterial growth, making long-distance trade and winter survival possible. Our biological craving for salt, evolved in an environment of scarcity, now clashes with our modern food landscape of abundance, leading to widespread cardiovascular issues. [Q14] Why was salt historically considered a highly valuable commodity?

中文翻譯

鹽在今天無所不在且價格便宜，以至於我們很容易忘記它在歷史上曾是珍貴商品的地位，甚至曾被用作貨幣與帝國發展的催化劑。從歷史上看，鹽的主要價值不在於其增添風味的特性，而是在於它能使食物脫水並抑制細菌生長，從而使遠距離貿易和度過寒冬成為可能。我們對鹽的生理渴望是在資源匱乏的環境中演化而來的，如今卻與現代充裕的飲食環境產生衝突，進而導致普遍的心血管問題。

In an increasingly digitized world, the resurgence of physical board games seems counterintuitive. Yet, this revival is not merely a nostalgic fad; it is a direct response to screen fatigue. Modern board games offer tactile engagement and face-to-face interaction that video games simply cannot replicate. They require players to negotiate, read subtle body language, and share a physical space, fostering a depth of social connection that digital platforms often promise but rarely deliver. [Q15] According to the speaker, what is driving the current popularity of physical board games?

中文翻譯

在這個日益數位化的世界中，實體桌遊的復興似乎有些違反直覺。然而，這股復甦風潮並不單純只是懷舊的短暫流行，而是對「螢幕疲勞」的直接反應。現代桌遊提供了觸覺互動與面對面接觸，這是電子遊戲完全無法複製的。桌遊需要玩家互相協商、解讀細微的肢體語言並共享實體空間，進而培養出深度的社交連結，而這正是數位平台雖然經常承諾、卻極少能真正帶來的。

While conventional bioplastics derived from cornstarch or sugarcane have offered a modest reprieve from fossil-fuel dependency, they continue to draw criticism for diverting agricultural land away from food production. In response, a novel start-up has pioneered an alternative using marine microalgae cultivated in offshore bioreactors. Not only does this oceanic feedstock bypass the land-use dilemma entirely, but the resulting polymer also degrades seamlessly in cold marine environments within months, unlike its terrestrial counterparts which require industrial composting facilities to break down. This breakthrough represents a significant leap forward, though scaling up production to compete with petroleum-based giants remains a formidable logistical hurdle. [Q16] What is the primary drawback of first-generation bioplastics mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻譯

雖然源自玉米澱粉或甘蔗的傳統生物塑膠暫時緩解了對化石燃料的依賴，但它們因將農地轉移而無法用於糧食生產，而持續受到批評。對此，一家新型新創公司開創了一種替代方案，利用在離岸生物反應器中培育的海洋微藻。這種海洋原料不僅完全避開了土地利用的兩難困境，而且所產生的聚合物還能在幾個月內於寒冷的海洋環境中自然降解，不像陸地上的同類產品需要工業堆肥設施才能分解。這一突破代表了重大的躍進，儘管要擴大生產規模以與石油化學巨頭競爭，仍然是一個艱鉅的營運與物流障礙。

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] How does the new microalgae-based polymer differ in its decomposition process?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）[Q17] 這種新型微藻聚合物在分解過程中有何不同？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] What does the speaker imply about the current market status of the algae-based plastic?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What is the speaker's attitude toward the new marine microalgae technology?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）[第 19 題] 說話者對於新型海洋微藻技術的態度為何？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] Where is the marine microalgae cultivated?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用聽力文本。）[第 20 題] 這種海洋微藻是在哪裡培養的？

In today's fast-paced corporate landscape, leadership development programs frequently champion the concept of cognitive diversity—the inclusion of people with different problem-solving styles and intellectual perspectives. However, recent organizational studies suggest that simply assembling a cognitively diverse team is insufficient without establishing psychological safety. When team members fear ridicule or professional retaliation, they instinctively default to groupthink, suppressing their unique insights to conform to the dominant narrative. Therefore, facilitators must focus less on demographic quotas and more on cultivating an environment where divergent ideas are actively solicited and constructively debated. True innovation, it seems, lies not just in the variety of minds in the room, but in their willingness to disagree openly. [Q21] What is the speaker's main point about cognitive diversity in corporate teams?

中文翻譯

在當今節奏快速的企業環境中，領導力培訓課程經常倡導「認知多樣性」的概念——也就是納入具有不同解決問題風格與智力觀點的人才。然而，最近的組織研究指出，如果沒有建立「心理安全感」，僅僅組建一個具備認知多樣性的團隊是不夠的。當團隊成員害怕遭受嘲笑或職場報復時，他們會本能地陷入「團體迷思」，壓抑自己獨特的見解以迎合主流說法。因此，團隊引導者應減少關注人口結構配額，而是將重心放在培養一個能主動徵求不同意見並進行建設性辯論的環境。真正的創新關鍵，似乎不只在於會議室中腦袋的多樣性，更在於成員們是否願意公開表達不同意見。［問題］講者對於企業團隊中「認知多樣性」的主要觀點為何？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] According to the speaker, what happens when team members lack psychological safety?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用聽力段落。）[第 22 題] 根據講者的說法，當團隊成員缺乏心理安全感時，會發生什麼情況？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What should corporate facilitators focus on to foster true innovation?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用聽力文本）[第 23 題] 企業引導者應該著重於什麼，以促進真正的創新？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What does the phrase 'default to groupthink' imply?

中文翻譯

「default to groupthink」這個片語暗示了什麼？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What is the speaker's tone throughout the talk?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用段落）[第 25 題] 講者在整篇演講中的語氣為何？

The global citrus industry today relies heavily on a handful of commercial varieties, such as sweet oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. Yet, genomic sequencing has revealed that these familiar fruits are actually complex hybrids derived from just a few wild ancestral species: the mandarin, the pomelo, and the citron. For millennia, human migration and trade facilitated the accidental cross-pollination of these ancestral lines, resulting in the vast array of citrus we enjoy today. Unfortunately, this intensive hybridization has led to an extremely narrow genetic bottleneck, leaving modern commercial groves highly vulnerable to devastating pathogens like citrus greening disease. To safeguard the future of these crops, agricultural scientists are now returning to the wild forests of Asia to locate resilient ancestral genes. [Q26] Which of the following is identified as one of the original wild ancestral species of modern citrus?

中文翻譯

現今全球的柑橘產業高度依賴少數幾種商業品種，例如甜橙、檸檬和葡萄柚。然而，基因定序顯示，這些我們熟知的日常水果實際上是複雜的雜交種，源自於僅幾種野生祖先物種：寬皮橘、柚子和香櫞。數千年來，人類的遷移與貿易促成了這些祖先血統間的偶然異花授粉，從而產生了我們今天所享用的豐富柑橘種類。不幸的是，這種密集的雜交導致了極其狹窄的遺傳瓶頸，使現代商業果園極易受到柑橘黃龍病等毀滅性病原體的侵害。為了保障這些作物的未來，農業科學家現在正重返亞洲的野生森林，以尋找具抗性的祖先基因。

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] What is the primary cause of the high vulnerability of modern commercial citrus crops?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用段落。）現代商業柑橘類作物高度編組與脆弱性的主要原因是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] Why are agricultural scientists currently searching wild forests in Asia?

中文翻譯

農業科學家目前為什麼在亞洲的野生森林中進行搜尋？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] How did the initial hybridization of ancestral citrus species occur?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用聽力段落）[第 29 題] 柑橘祖先物種最初的雜交是如何發生的？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What can be inferred about modern commercial citrus fruits like lemons and grapefruits?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用段落）[第 30 題] 關於檸檬和葡萄柚等現代商業柑橘類水果，可以推論出什麼？

The digital age has fundamentally redefined the role of university libraries, shifting their primary function from physical repositories of books to dynamic hubs of digital scholarship. Today, reference librarians spend less time locating dusty volumes and more time conducting workshops on data visualization, open-access publishing, and research data management. While critics lament the reduction of physical bookshelves to make way for collaborative study lounges and high-tech makerspaces, studies show that library utilization has actually surged. Modern students and researchers require a space that facilitates not just quiet contemplation, but active, collaborative knowledge creation. Consequently, the modern academic library is no longer defined by what it houses, but by the intellectual connections it enables. [Q31] What is the main transformation of university libraries described by the speaker?

中文翻譯

數位時代從根本上重新定義了大學圖書館的角色，將其主要功能從實體的藏書空間，轉變為數位學術研究的活力樞紐。如今，參考館員花在尋找佈滿灰塵之實體書的時間變少了，而是投入更多時間舉辦資料視覺化、開放取用出版以及研究資料管理的工作坊。雖然有批評者哀嘆為了騰出空間給共同學習區和高科技創客空間而減少了實體書架，但研究顯示，圖書館的使用率實際上大幅激增。現代的學生和研究人員需要的空間，不僅能用於靜心沉思，更能促進主動且協作的知識創造。因此，現代學術圖書館的定義已不再取決於其館藏，而在於它所促成的知性連結。

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] What is a typical task of a modern reference librarian according to the passage?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力文本。）[第 32 題] 根據本文，現代參考館員的典型工作是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] Why has physical bookshelf space been reduced in modern libraries?

中文翻譯

為什麼現代圖書館減少了實體書架的空間？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] How does the speaker respond to critics who regret the loss of physical bookshelves?

中文翻譯

[第34題] 針對那些惋惜實體書架消失的批評者，講者如何回應？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] According to the speaker, what defines a modern academic library?

中文翻譯

根據講者的說法，是什麼定義了現代學術圖書館？

Rapid urbanization has rendered traditional drainage systems increasingly obsolete, as concrete expanses prevent rainwater from naturally absorbing into the ground, leading to severe urban flooding. To counter this, urban planners are embracing the 'sponge city' paradigm, which integrates green infrastructure to capture, store, and purify rainwater. By utilizing permeable pavements, rooftop gardens, and constructed wetlands, these cities mimic natural hydrological cycles instead of merely channeling runoff away through concrete pipes. This approach not only mitigates flood risks but also replenishes depleted aquifers and creates cooler microclimates during scorching summer months. Implementing these ecological designs, however, requires a radical shift in municipal budgeting and cross-departmental collaboration. [Q36] What is the primary cause of urban flooding mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻譯

快速的都市化已使傳統的排水系統日益過時，因為大片的水泥地面阻礙了雨水自然滲透至地下，進而導致嚴重的都市洪患。為了應對這一挑戰，都市規劃人員正採用「海綿城市」的典範，結合綠色基礎設施來收集、儲存和淨化雨水。透過利用透水鋪面、屋頂花園和人工濕地，這些城市模擬了自然的水文循環，而非僅僅是透過水泥管道將逕流排出。這種方法不僅能減輕水患風險，還能補充枯竭的地下水層，並在炎熱的夏季創造較涼爽的微氣候。然而，要實踐這些生態設計，需要市政預算編列與跨部門協作的根本性轉變。

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Which of the following is an example of green infrastructure used in sponge cities?

中文翻譯

（與第 36 題共用文章。）[第 37 題] 下列何者是海綿城市中所使用的綠色基礎設施範例？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] What is a secondary benefit of the sponge city design beyond flood mitigation?

中文翻譯

[第 38 題] 除了緩解洪患之外，海綿城市設計的附加效益是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What challenge does the speaker identify in implementing sponge city concepts?

中文翻譯

講者指出在落實海綿城市概念時會面臨什麼挑戰？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What does the 'sponge city' paradigm mimic?

中文翻譯

「海綿城市」模式模仿了什麼？