全民英檢 聽力模擬試題 · 40 題

全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 10

依全民英檢公開題型原創的聽力模擬試題，從小學英檢到高級，五個級數都有。

本卷是 Loopy 依公開題型原創的模擬試題，不是 財團法人語言訓練測驗中心（LTTC） 的官方試題。

整卷音檔

第一部分：短篇對話及談話

  1. 第 1 題

    • AA decline in employee engagement and teamwork.
    • BThe technical instability of newly adopted platforms.
    • CAn unintended disruption to deep, focused work.
    • DA reluctance among leadership to adopt digital solutions.
    看逐字稿

    With the rise of asynchronous communication tools in corporate environments, many anticipated a dramatic reduction in operational friction. However, empirical studies indicate that while these platforms facilitate rapid exchange, they often induce a state of constant cognitive fragmentation. Employees feel compelled to monitor channels incessantly to avoid appearing disengaged, which inadvertently erodes their capacity for deep, uninterrupted focus. Consequently, organizational leaders are now tasked with establishing explicit boundaries to safeguard cognitive resources without dismantling the agility that digital tools offer. [Q1] What is the primary challenge of asynchronous communication tools discussed by the speaker?

    中文翻譯

    隨著非同步溝通工具在企業環境中的興起，許多人預期這能大幅減少營運摩擦。然而，實證研究指出，雖然這些平台促進了快速交流，卻也往往會導致持續的認知碎片化。員工感到不得不隨時緊盯著各種溝通管道，以免顯得不夠投入，這反而無意中削弱了他們進行深度、不被打擾的專注工作的能力。因此，組織領導者現在面臨的任務是，在不破壞數位工具帶來的靈活性的前提下，制定明確的界線以保護員工的認知資源。

  1. 第 2 題

    • AIt achieves both temperature reduction and runoff management.
    • BIt eliminates the need for concrete in modern city centers.
    • CIt primarily enhances the visual appeal of municipal parks.
    • DIt lowers the initial construction budget for new cities.
    看逐字稿

    Urban microclimates are significantly influenced by the density and materials of the built environment. To mitigate the urban heat island effect, municipal planners are shifting away from purely aesthetic landscaping toward functional green infrastructure. By integrating bioswales and permeable pavements, cities can manage stormwater runoff while simultaneously lowering ambient temperatures through evapotranspiration. This dual-purpose design not only bolsters ecological resilience but also reduces the long-term maintenance costs associated with conventional concrete infrastructure. [Q2] According to the speaker, what is the main benefit of functional green infrastructure?

    中文翻譯

    都市微氣候受到建築環境的密度和建材的顯著影響。為了減緩都市熱島效應，市政規劃人員正從純粹美觀的景觀設計，轉向功能性的綠色基礎建設。藉由結合植生滯留槽與透水鋪面，城市在管理雨水逕流的同時，還能透過蒸發散作用降低周圍溫度。這種雙重目的之設計不僅能增強生態韌性，還能降低與傳統混凝土基礎建設相關的長期維護成本。

  1. 第 3 題

    • AThey become more eager to explore alternative brands.
    • BThey tend to postpone buying or choose a default option.
    • CThey demand highly customized products from retailers.
    • DThey experience a surge in cognitive performance.
    看逐字稿

    In the realm of consumer behavior, the concept of 'decision fatigue' plays a pivotal role. When presented with an overwhelming array of choices, consumers initially feel empowered, but this sensation quickly gives way to cognitive overload. As mental energy depletes, individuals either defer the purchase indefinitely or resort to default options, which are rarely their optimal choices. Savvy retailers leverage this insight by offering curated selections, thereby streamlining the decision-making process and enhancing overall customer satisfaction. [Q3] What is the consequence of decision fatigue on consumers?

    中文翻譯

    在消費者行為領域中，「決策疲勞」（decision fatigue）的概念扮演著關鍵角色。當面對琳瑯滿目的選擇時，消費者起初會感到自主掌控的愉悅，但這種感覺很快就會轉化為認知超載。隨著心智能力消耗，個體要麼無限期延後購買，要麼流於選擇預設選項，而這往往不是他們最佳的選擇。聰明的零售商利用這項洞察，透過提供精選商品來簡化決策過程，進而提升整體的顧客滿意度。[第三題] 決策疲勞對消費者會產生什麼影響？

  1. 第 4 題

    • ALanguage strictly dictates and confines human cognitive abilities.
    • BLanguage has no measurable impact on how people perceive the world.
    • CLanguage acts as a subtle influence on conceptual associations.
    • DGrammatical gender is the only aspect of language that shapes thought.
    看逐字稿

    The hypothesis of linguistic relativity suggests that the structure of a language influences its speakers' cognition and world view. While extreme interpretations—that language strictly limits thought—have been largely discredited, modern researchers have found subtle, empirical evidence of its influence. For instance, grammatical gender systems can nudge speakers to associate specific inanimate objects with masculine or feminine traits. Thus, language does not act as an impenetrable barrier to thought, but rather as a subtle lens that gently shapes our conceptual habits. [Q4] Which statement best summarizes the modern scientific view of linguistic relativity?

    中文翻譯

    「語言相對論」假說指出，語言的結構會影響使用者的認知與世界觀。雖然極端的詮釋（即語言會嚴格限制思維）已大多被推翻，但現代研究人員已發現其影響力的細微實證證據。例如，文法性別系統會促使使用者將特定的無生命物體與男性或女性的特質產生聯想。因此，語言並非阻礙思維、無法穿透的屏障，而更像是一面細微的鏡片，溫和地塑造著我們的概念習慣。

  1. 第 5 題

    • AIt is easier to address than deforestation and plastic pollution.
    • BIt directly threatens global food security if left unchecked.
    • CIt is primarily caused by natural climatic shifts rather than farming.
    • DIt can be completely resolved through the use of synthetic fertilizers.
    看逐字稿

    Soil degradation is often overshadowed by more highly publicized environmental crises like deforestation or plastic pollution, yet its implications for global food security are catastrophic. Intensive agricultural practices deplete essential organic matter, reducing the soil's ability to retain moisture and sustain microbial life. Without active intervention to restore soil health, such as crop rotation and minimal tillage, we risk rendering vast swathes of arable land permanently unproductive. The restoration of this resource is not merely an ecological goal, but a prerequisite for human survival. [Q5] What point does the speaker emphasize regarding soil degradation?

    中文翻譯

    土壤退化往往被森林砍伐或塑膠污染等更廣為宣傳的環境危機所掩蓋，然而它對全球糧食安全所造成的影響卻是災難性的。密集農業會消耗掉關鍵的有機質，降低土壤保持水分和維持微生物生存的能力。若不採取積極的干預措施來恢復土壤健康（例如輪作和減少耕作），我們將面臨大片可耕地永久失去生產力的風險。恢復這項資源不僅僅是一個生態目標，更是人類生存的先決條件。

  1. 第 6 題

    • AIt avoids the carbon emissions tied to producing new structural materials.
    • BIt relies entirely on historic, non-industrial building designs.
    • CIt reduces the energy needed to power modern indoor appliances.
    • DIt allows developers to bypass local municipal zoning regulations.
    看逐字稿

    Adaptive reuse—the process of repurposing existing buildings for new functions—has emerged as a cornerstone of sustainable architecture. Rather than executing costly and energy-intensive demolitions, developers preserve the structural shell of historic factories, warehouses, or schools, retrofitting the interiors with modern amenities. This practice dramatically curtails the carbon footprint associated with manufacturing new building materials like steel and concrete. Moreover, it safeguards the architectural heritage of urban communities, blending historical character with contemporary utility. [Q6] Why is adaptive reuse considered highly sustainable?

    中文翻譯

    空間再利用（adaptive reuse）——即將既有建築改造成新用途的過程——已成為永續建築的基石。開發商並非進行成本高昂且耗能的拆除工作，而是保留歷史工廠、倉庫或學校的結構外殼，並在內部裝修中融入現代化設施。這種做法大幅減少了與製造鋼鐵和混凝土等新建築材料相關的碳足跡。此外，它保護了都市社區的建築文化資產，將歷史特色與現代實用性完美結合。[問題六] 為什麼空間再利用被認為具有高度的永續性？

  1. 第 7 題

    • AIncreasing visual oversight through continuous video monitoring.
    • BEvaluating employees based on actual deliverables rather than time present.
    • CReducing communication frequency to avoid employee burnout.
    • DStandardizing the working hours for all remote employees.
    看逐字稿

    The transition to remote work has necessitated a shift in how managerial efficacy is evaluated. Historically, presence was conflated with productivity; managers relied on visual oversight to gauge employee commitment. In a decentralized environment, however, this metric is utterly obsolete. Forward-thinking organizations are adopting output-based performance metrics, focusing on deliverables and objective outcomes rather than hours logged. This transition demands a foundation of mutual trust, as well as clear communication of expectations, to prevent employee burnout and maintain high performance. [Q7] What shift in managerial approach is the speaker advocating?

    中文翻譯

    轉向遠距工作使得管理效能的評估方式必須有所轉變。過去，員工是否在場常與生產力混為一談，主管依賴親眼監督來衡量員工的投入程度。然而，在去中心化的環境中，這種衡量指標已完全過時。具有前瞻性的組織正採用以產出為導向的績效指標，著重於交付成果與客觀成效，而非累計的工時。這種轉變需要建立在互信的基礎上，並清楚溝通彼此的預期，以防止員工過度倦怠並維持高績效。[Q7] 講者提倡的管理方式轉變為何？

  1. 第 8 題

    • AIt is highly sensitive to minor fluctuations in local climate.
    • BIt directly provides food for almost all other organisms in the food chain.
    • CIts ecological impact is much larger than its population size would suggest.
    • DIt is always the most populous species within a given habitat.
    看逐字稿

    In ecological conservation, the concept of a keystone species is vital for prioritizing resources. A keystone species is one whose presence exerts a disproportionate influence on the structure of its entire ecosystem. When such a species is removed, the ecosystem undergoes a dramatic trophic cascade, often leading to a collapse in biodiversity. For instance, the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park altered river paths by regulating herbivore populations, which allowed vegetation to recover. Protecting these pivotal species, therefore, offers a highly efficient lever for preserving entire ecological networks. [Q8] What is the primary defining characteristic of a keystone species?

    中文翻譯

    在生態保育中，「關鍵物種」的概念對於資源分配的優先順序至關重要。關鍵物種指的是其存在對整個生態系統結構產生極大且不成比例影響的物種。當這類物種被移除時，生態系統會經歷劇烈的營養階層連鎖反應，通常會導致生物多樣性的崩潰。例如，將狼群重新引進黃石國家公園，藉由控制草食動物數量使植被得以復原，進而改變了河流的走向。因此，保護這些關鍵物種，為維護整個生態網路提供了一個高效的槓桿支點。

  1. 第 9 題

    • AIt leads to excessive competition among peers in the classroom.
    • BIt makes students hesitant to take on challenging tasks.
    • CIt causes students to disregard feedback from their teachers.
    • DIt reduces the student's overall level of self-esteem.
    看逐字稿

    While praise is a powerful tool for motivating students, the nature of that praise dictates its efficacy. Research indicates that praising innate intelligence can backfire, fostering a fixed mindset where students avoid challenges for fear of failing and looking less capable. Conversely, praising effort, strategy, and perseverance encourages a growth mindset. Students lauded for their process learn to view setbacks as opportunities for cognitive development rather than indictments of their intrinsic worth, ultimately fostering long-term academic resilience. [Q9] According to the speaker, what is a potential drawback of praising a student's innate intelligence?

    中文翻譯

    雖然讚美是激勵學生的強大工具，但讚美的本質決定了其成效。研究指出，讚美天生的聰明才智可能會適得其反，培養出固定心態（fixed mindset），使學生因害怕失敗和顯得能力不足而規避挑戰。相反地，讚美努力、策略和毅力則能鼓勵成長心態（growth mindset）。因學習過程而受到讚許的學生，會學著將挫折視為認知發展的契機，而非對自身內在價值的否定，最終能培養長期的學術韌性。

  1. 第 10 題

    • AIt shows that early societies preferred barter to modern currency.
    • BIt demonstrates that money was invented before the concept of debt.
    • CIt reveals that early economies relied on gift-giving and credit rather than spot barter.
    • DIt proves that tax collection was completely absent in ancient civilizations.
    看逐字稿

    The classical economic narrative suggests that money arose naturally to solve the inefficiencies of barter, specifically the 'coincidence of wants' problem, where two parties must desire each other's precise goods. However, historical and anthropological evidence paints a vastly different picture. Early communities rarely engaged in immediate, spot-market bartering; instead, they operated on complex systems of mutual gift-giving and informal credit. Money emerged not as a convenient medium to replace barter, but largely as a tool for rulers to collect taxes and manage state debts. This distinction challenges our fundamental assumptions about the natural evolution of market economies. [Q10] According to the speaker, how does historical evidence contradict the classical narrative of money's origin?

    中文翻譯

    傳統的經濟學論述認為，貨幣的出現是為了自然地解決以物易物的低效率問題，特別是「欲望雙重一致」（coincidence of wants）的難題，即交易雙方必須剛好都想要對方手上的特定商品。然而，歷史與人類學的證據卻描繪出截然不同的景象。早期的社群極少進行即時的現貨市場以物易物；相反地，他們依賴互贈禮物和非正式信用等複雜的系統來運作。貨幣的出現並非作為取代以物易物的便利媒介，而主要是統治者用來課稅與管理國家債務的工具。這一區別挑戰了我們對市場經濟自然演進的根本假設。

  1. 第 11 題

    • AIt reduces the environmental degradation associated with agriculture.
    • BIt provides significantly higher concentrations of essential vitamins.
    • CIt eliminates the need for manual labor in crop cultivation.
    • DIt lowers the retail cost of fresh produce for low-income consumers.
    看逐字稿

    The debate surrounding organic agriculture often centers on health benefits, with proponents asserting superior nutritional profiles. Scientific meta-analyses, however, suggest that the nutritional disparities between organic and conventional produce are relatively marginal. The true value proposition of organic farming lies in environmental stewardship. By eliminating synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, organic practices foster soil biodiversity, minimize water contamination, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Consumers purchasing organic goods are therefore investing in ecological health rather than procuring a vastly superior source of vitamins. [Q11] According to the speaker, what is the primary benefit of organic farming?

    中文翻譯

    關於有機農業的爭論通常聚焦於對健康的益處，支持者聲稱有機食品具有更優越的營養成分。然而，科學的統合分析顯示，有機與傳統農產品之間的營養差異其實微乎其微。有機農業真正的核心價值在於對環境的維護。透過不使用合成農藥與化肥，有機耕作能促進土壤生物多樣性、減少水污染，並降低溫室氣體排放。因此，購買有機商品的消費者實際上是在投資生態健康，而非獲取顯著更優質的維生素來源。根據講者的說法，有機農業的主要好處是什麼？

  1. 第 12 題

    • AIt allows models to process larger datasets at a faster rate.
    • BIt guarantees that the AI will always make error-free decisions.
    • CIt reduces the computing power required to train complex networks.
    • DIt enables practitioners to detect underlying biases and errors.
    看逐字稿

    As machine learning models grow increasingly complex, the demand for explainable artificial intelligence—or XAI—has intensified. Deep neural networks, often referred to as 'black boxes,' make highly accurate predictions but offer no insight into their underlying decision-making pathways. In high-stakes fields such as healthcare diagnostics or automated finance, this lack of transparency poses severe ethical and operational risks. Without understanding why a model reached a specific conclusion, practitioners cannot confidently identify systemic biases or system failures. Consequently, the pursuit of model interpretability is becoming as crucial as the pursuit of predictive accuracy. [Q12] Why is explainability considered crucial in high-stakes AI applications?

    中文翻譯

    隨著機器學習模型變得越來越複雜，對可解釋人工智慧（簡稱 XAI）的需求也日益增加。深度神經網路常被稱為「黑盒子」，雖然能做出高度精準的預測，卻無法讓人洞察其背後的決策路徑。在醫療診斷或自動化金融等高風險領域中，這種缺乏透明度的情況會帶來嚴重的倫理與營運風險。若無法理解模型為何得出特定結論，專業人員就無法有把握地指出系統性偏誤或系統故障。因此，追求模型的可解釋性，正變得與追求預測準確度同等重要。[Q12] 為什麼在攸關重大的 AI 應用中，可解釋性被認為至關重要？

  1. 第 13 題

    • ABoth technologies immediately reduced the cost of book production globally.
    • BBoth were heavily subsidized by the government in their early stages.
    • CBoth led to information overload and a crisis of authority.
    • DBoth successfully eliminated the spread of false information.
    看逐字稿

    While Johannes Gutenberg's printing press is widely celebrated for democratizing access to knowledge, its initial impact was deeply unsettling to contemporary authorities. The sudden proliferation of texts stripped traditional institutions, particularly the Church, of their role as the sole gatekeepers of truth. Anyone with a printing press could disseminate ideas, leading to a volatile marketplace of information where accurate scholarship competed directly with sensationalized fabrications. This democratization did not instantly usher in an era of enlightenment; rather, it initiated a turbulent period of information overload and authority crises not unlike the early days of the internet. [Q13] What parallel does the speaker draw between the invention of the printing press and the internet?

    中文翻譯

    約翰尼斯·古騰堡的印刷機雖因推動知識普及而廣受讚譽，但其最初帶來的衝擊卻讓當時的掌權者深感不安。文字內容的突然激增，剝奪了傳統機構（特別是教會）作為真理唯一把關者的角色。任何擁有印刷機的人都能傳播思想，進而導致資訊市場動盪不安，使嚴謹的學術研究與誇大煽情的虛構內容直接競爭。這種普及化並沒有立即迎來啟蒙時代；相反地，它引發了一段充斥著資訊超載和權威危機的動盪時期，這與網際網路發展初期極為相似。

  1. 第 14 題

    • AIt can be processed into rocket propellant to fuel deep-space missions.
    • BIt contains trace amounts of rare-earth metals that cannot be found on Earth.
    • CIt is easier to transport back to Earth than platinum-group metals.
    • DIt acts as a natural shield protecting spacecraft from cosmic radiation.
    看逐字稿

    Asteroid mining has transitioned from the realm of science fiction to a serious pursuit for private enterprises. These celestial bodies are rich in platinum-group metals, which are essential for manufacturing electronics and clean energy technologies but are increasingly scarce on Earth. However, the most valuable resource for immediate space exploration is water ice, commonly found on near-Earth asteroids. By harvesting ice and splitting it into hydrogen and oxygen, missions can produce rocket propellant in deep space. This in-situ resource utilization could establish interplanetary fueling stations, bypassing the immense energy cost of launching fuel from Earth's gravity well. [Q14] Why is water ice on asteroids considered highly valuable for space exploration?

    中文翻譯

    「小行星採礦已從科幻小說的情節，轉變為民間企業認真投入的追求。這些天體富含鉑族金屬，它們是製造電子產品和清潔能源技術不可或缺的原料，但在地球上卻日益稀缺。然而，對眼前的太空探索而言，最寶貴的資源是水冰，這常見於近地小行星。透過開採水冰並將其分解為氫和氧，太空任務可以在深太空製造火箭推進劑。這種現地資源利用可以建立行星際加油站，從而避開從地球重力井發射燃料所需的巨大能量成本。[Q14] 為什麼小行星上的水冰被認為對太空探索極具價值？」

  1. 第 15 題

    • ABy waiting for a larger crowd to gather before taking action.
    • BBy remaining calm to avoid causing panic among the observers.
    • CBy broadcasting the emergency on public communication channels.
    • DBy assigning specific responsibilities directly to individual bystanders.
    看逐字稿

    The bystander effect is a well-documented psychological phenomenon wherein individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency when other people are present. This inaction is primarily driven by two cognitive processes: diffusion of responsibility, where each person assumes someone else will intervene, and pluralistic ignorance, where individuals look to others to gauge how to react. If everyone else appears calm, the situation is collectively deemed non-urgent. To combat this bias, safety experts recommend explicitly delegating tasks to specific individuals during a crisis, thereby neutralizing the psychological safety of anonymity. [Q15] How can the bystander effect be mitigated during an emergency, according to safety experts?

    中文翻譯

    旁觀者效應（bystander effect）是一個有充分文獻證實的心理學現象，指的是當有其他人在場時，個人在緊急情況下伸出援手的可能性會降低。這種袖手旁觀的行為主要由兩個認知過程所驅動：一是「責任分散」（diffusion of responsibility），即每個人都認為會有其他人出面干預；二是「多元無知」（pluralistic ignorance），即個體會觀察他人的反應來評估自己該如何應對。如果其他人都顯得神色自若，大家就會共同認定該情況並不緊急。為了克服這種偏差，安全專家建議在危機發生時，明確地將任務指派給特定的人，藉此消除因匿名性帶來的心理安全感。[第15題] 根據安全專家的說法，在緊急情況下要如何減輕旁觀者效應？

第二部分：長篇對話及談話

  1. 第 16 題

    • AThey were designed to save costs but actually increase operational overhead.
    • BThey facilitate international collaboration but alienate local team members.
    • CThey aim to improve communication but can diminish high-concentration productivity.
    • DThey are highly secure but lead to frequent technical glitches.
    看逐字稿

    While the proliferation of collaborative digital workspaces has ostensibly streamlined corporate communication, empirical evidence suggests a paradoxical decline in deep-focus productivity. Employees frequently find themselves trapped in a cycle of perpetual availability, responding to low-urgency notifications at the expense of cognitive-intensive tasks. To mitigate this digital fatigue, several progressive firms are implementing 'asynchronous-first' communication protocols. This paradigm shift requires team members to document inquiries thoroughly, allowing recipients the autonomy to respond within a designated timeframe rather than demanding instantaneous feedback. Consequently, this not only safeguards uninterrupted working blocks but also fosters a culture of deliberate, well-considered decision-making. [Q16] What is the primary paradox of collaborative digital workspaces mentioned by the speaker?

    中文翻譯

    雖然協作數位工作空間的普及表面上簡化了企業溝通，但實證研究顯示，這反而矛盾地導致深層專注力的生產力下降。員工經常發現自己陷入必須隨時待命的惡性循環，為了回覆緊急程度較低的通知，而犧牲了需要高度認知能力的工作。為了緩解這種數位疲勞，幾家作風前衛的公司正開始實施「非同步優先」的溝通協定。這種典範轉移要求團隊成員詳盡記錄詢問內容，給予收件者在指定時間內回覆的自主權，而非要求即時反饋。因此，這不僅能保障不受干擾的完整工作時間，還能培養深思熟慮、決策周延的企業文化。

  1. 第 17 題

    • AHigher employee satisfaction rates.
    • BThe prioritization of trivial notifications over complex tasks.
    • CImproved real-time problem solving during crises.
    • DIncreased competitiveness in the global market.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] According to the passage, what does 'perpetual availability' lead to?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 16 題共用段落。）[第 17 題] 根據本文，所謂的「隨時待命」（perpetual availability）會導致什麼結果？

  1. 第 18 題

    • ARequiring employees to attend more virtual meetings during the day.
    • BEncouraging immediate, short replies to keep workflows moving.
    • CHaving employees write out queries comprehensively and allowing delayed responses.
    • DRestricting all digital communications to standard office hours.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] What does the 'asynchronous-first' communication protocol entail?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 16 題共用短文）[第 18 題] 「非同步優先」的溝通協定包含哪些內容？

  1. 第 19 題

    • AIt reduces the firm's expenditure on software licenses.
    • BIt eliminates the need for middle-management supervision.
    • CIt allows companies to hire employees from diverse time zones.
    • DIt encourages more thoughtful and deliberate decision-making.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What is a secondary benefit of adopting asynchronous communication as stated in the text?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 16 題共用聽力文本。）

  1. 第 20 題

    • AFavorable, presenting them as a viable solution to digital fatigue.
    • BSkeptical of their feasibility in fast-paced industries.
    • CIndifferent, viewing them as a passing corporate fad.
    • DCritical, noting they might isolate remote workers.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What is the speaker's attitude toward 'asynchronous-first' protocols?

    中文翻譯

    (與第 16 題共用聽力文本。) [第 20 題] 講者對「非同步優先」協定的態度為何？

  1. 第 21 題

    • AIt utilizes natural sunlight more effectively than traditional farming.
    • BIt drastically reduces water consumption compared to standard methods.
    • CIt enriches the soil with natural organic compounds.
    • DIt requires less initial capital investment than rural farming.
    看逐字稿

    Vertical farming has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional agriculture, particularly in urban centers where arable land is scarce. By utilizing stacked layers in controlled environments, these facilities optimize resource efficiency, utilizing up to ninety percent less water than conventional farms. Furthermore, the elimination of soil-borne pests obviates the need for chemical pesticides, resulting in cleaner, more consistent yields. However, critics point out that the substantial energy demands of high-intensity LED lighting systems present a significant ecological hurdle. Unless these facilities are powered entirely by renewable energy sources, their carbon footprint may offset the environmental benefits gained from reduced transportation distances and water conservation. [Q21] What is a primary resource benefit of vertical farming mentioned in the passage?

    中文翻譯

    垂直農業已成為傳統農業一個極具吸引力的替代方案，特別是在可耕地稀缺的都市中心。藉由在受控環境中利用多層堆疊的空間，這些設施優化了資源效率，比傳統農場節省高達百分之九十的水資源。此外，由於消除了土壤傳播的病蟲害，因此不需要化學農藥，從而能帶來更乾淨、更穩定的產量。然而，批評者指出，高強度 LED 照明系統的龐大能源需求構成了一個重大的生態障礙。除非這些設施完全由再生能源供電，否則其碳足跡可能會抵消因縮短運輸距離和節約用水所帶來的環境效益。

  1. 第 22 題

    • AThe closed, soil-free environment prevents pest infestations.
    • BThe plants are genetically modified to resist pests.
    • CNatural predators are introduced to eliminate insects.
    • DThe LED lights emit frequencies that repel pests.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] Why is the use of chemical pesticides unnecessary in vertical farming?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 21 題共用段落）為什麼垂直農業不需要使用化學農藥？

  1. 第 23 題

    • AThe excessive noise pollution generated by the facilities.
    • BThe risk of soil depletion over extended cultivation cycles.
    • CThe high energy consumption of the required artificial lighting.
    • DThe potential contamination of local municipal water supplies.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What is the main ecological concern raised by critics of vertical farming?

    中文翻譯

    (與第 21 題共用文章) [第 23 題] 批評者對於垂直農法所提出的主要生態隱憂為何？

  1. 第 24 題

    • AWhen it is limited to growing high-value ornamental crops.
    • BWhen the facilities rely completely on renewable energy sources.
    • CWhen it is integrated into existing residential buildings.
    • DWhen traditional farmers transition fully to the new technology.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] Under what condition does the speaker suggest vertical farming is truly sustainable?

    中文翻譯

    （與第21題共用段落）[第24題] 講者認為在何種條件下，垂直農業才是真正永續的？

  1. 第 25 題

    • AWholly dismissive of vertical farming's potential.
    • BOverly optimistic without considering any drawbacks.
    • CBalanced, presenting both the advantages and ecological challenges.
    • DHighly technical and focused exclusively on financial feasibility.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] Which of the following best describes the overall tone of the passage?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 21 題共用文章。）[第 25 題] 下列何者最能描述本文的整體語氣？

  1. 第 26 題

    • AIt increases translation costs while making learning materials cheaper.
    • BIt both accelerates language marginalization and provides tools for preservation.
    • CIt helps older speakers connect but alienates younger generations.
    • DIt promotes written literacy at the expense of spoken dialects.
    看逐字稿

    The digital age presents a dual-edged sword for the preservation of endangered languages. On one hand, global connectivity facilitates the rapid spread of dominant languages, accelerating the marginalization of minority tongues. On the other hand, digital tools offer unprecedented opportunities for documentation and revitalization. Linguists are now leveraging mobile applications, interactive dictionaries, and crowdsourced translation platforms to record oral traditions and provide accessible learning materials to younger generations. The success of these digital initiatives, however, hinges on active community engagement; without a passionate base of native speakers willing to integrate these tools into daily life, technology alone cannot breathe permanent vitality into a fading language. [Q26] Why does the digital age represent a 'dual-edged sword' for endangered languages?

    中文翻譯

    數位時代對於瀕危語言的保存而言，是一把雙面刃。一方面，全球互聯促進了主流語言的快速傳播，加速了少數族群語言的邊緣化。另一方面，數位工具為文獻記錄和語言復振提供了前所未有的契機。語言學家現在正利用行動應用程式、互動式詞典和群眾外包翻譯平台來記錄口傳歷史，並為年輕世代提供易於取得的學習教材。然而，這些數位方案的成功取決於社群的積極參與；若沒有一群熱心的母語使用者願意將這些工具融入日常生活中，單憑科技是無法為日漸消逝的語言注入永久活力的。

  1. 第 27 題

    • ABy developing digital dictionaries, apps, and translation platforms.
    • BBy replacing human teachers with artificial intelligence programs.
    • CBy banning the use of dominant languages in online forums.
    • DBy tracking the geographic movement of native speakers via GPS.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] How are linguists currently utilizing technology to preserve languages?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 26 題共用段落）[第 27 題] 語言學家目前如何利用科技來保存語言？

  1. 第 28 題

    • ASecuring government funding for global software development.
    • BStandardizing spelling systems across all related dialects.
    • CActive participation and integration by the speaker community.
    • DLimiting access to digital tools to verified academic researchers.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] According to the speaker, what is critical for the success of digital language preservation?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 26 題共用聽力文本）[第 28 題] 根據講者的說法，數位語言保存成功的關鍵是什麼？

  1. 第 29 題

    • ATo record every spoken word for historical archives.
    • BTo ensure a language remains actively used and alive.
    • CTo translate modern literature into old dialects.
    • DTo enforce language laws in educational institutions.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] What does the phrase 'breathe permanent vitality' mean in the context of the passage?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 26 題共用文章。）[第 29 題] 片語「breathe permanent vitality」在本文的語境中是什麼意思？

  1. 第 30 題

    • AIt is a complete solution that guarantees success.
    • BIt is primarily a threat and should be avoided by minor communities.
    • CIt is a useful medium but insufficient without human commitment.
    • DIt is only effective for highly structured, European languages.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What can be inferred about the role of technology in language preservation?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 26 題共用文本）[第 30 題] 關於科技在語言保存中所扮演的角色，可以推論出什麼？

  1. 第 31 題

    • APrioritizing value-based metrics over sheer visitor volume.
    • BTransitioning from high-end luxury resorts to budget hostels.
    • CEliminating international travel in favor of domestic tourism.
    • DOutsourcing tourism management to global travel agencies.
    看逐字稿

    Overtourism has prompted many fragile destinations to reconsider their tourism models, moving away from volume-based metrics toward value-based ones. Instead of measuring success by the sheer number of arrivals, local authorities are focusing on economic yield and environmental preservation. One innovative approach is Community-Based Tourism, where local residents directly manage and host travel experiences. This model ensures that economic benefits are retained within the community rather than leaking to multinational corporations. Additionally, by capping visitor numbers and offering curated, educational itineraries, these destinations can protect their natural assets while offering travelers a genuinely authentic cultural exchange. [Q31] What paradigm shift is occurring in fragile destinations regarding tourism?

    中文翻譯

    過度觀光已促使許多脆弱的旅遊目的地重新思考其觀光模式，從過去以遊客量為主的指標，轉向以價值為導向的指標。地方政府不再單純以入境遊客人數來衡量成功與否，而是專注於經濟效益與環境保育。其中一種創新做法是「社區型觀光」，由當地居民直接管理並提供旅遊體驗。這種模式能確保經濟利益留存在社區內，而非流向跨國企業。此外，透過限制遊客數量並提供精心規劃且具教育意義的行程，這些目的地不僅能保護其自然資產，還能為旅客提供真正道地的文化交流。

  1. 第 32 題

    • AIt is funded entirely by international non-governmental organizations.
    • BLocal residents take direct charge of managing and hosting travel programs.
    • CVisitors are required to perform volunteer work throughout their stay.
    • DIt focuses exclusively on urban architectural tours.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] What is a defining characteristic of Community-Based Tourism?

    中文翻譯

    [第 32 題] 社區觀光（Community-Based Tourism）的核心特徵是什麼？

  1. 第 33 題

    • ABy offering massive discounts to budget-conscious travelers.
    • BBy keeping revenues within the local community instead of multinational firms.
    • CBy charging visitors high entry fees at municipal borders.
    • DBy avoiding the use of modern banking and online payments.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] How does Community-Based Tourism address the financial leakage problem?

    中文翻譯

    社區型觀光（Community-Based Tourism）如何解決經濟漏損（financial leakage）的問題？

  1. 第 34 題

    • ABanning tourists from taking photos of natural landmarks.
    • BClosing down all local businesses during the peak summer seasons.
    • CRequiring tourists to travel only with government-appointed security guards.
    • DLimiting visitor numbers and designing curated, educational itineraries.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] What measures are taken under this model to protect natural assets?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 31 題共用段落。）[第 34 題] 在此模式下，採取了哪些措施來保護自然資產？

  1. 第 35 題

    • ATo criticize travelers for visiting popular global destinations.
    • BTo promote specific travel agencies that offer cheap flights.
    • CTo advocate for a more sustainable, community-centered approach to tourism.
    • DTo explain the history of multinational hospitality corporations.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] What is the speaker's main purpose in this talk?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 31 題共用聽力段落。）[第 35 題] 講者這段談話的主要目的是什麼？

  1. 第 36 題

    • ACramming only provides short-term recall, while distributed practice aids long-term retention.
    • BCramming is more mentally stimulating, whereas distributed practice is repetitive.
    • CCramming is preferred by educators, while students prefer distributed practice.
    • DCramming requires advanced planning, while distributed practice is spontaneous.
    看逐字稿

    When preparing for examinations, students frequently resort to 'cramming'—massing study sessions into a single, exhausting block. While this may yield temporary recall for an immediate test, cognitive psychology consistently demonstrates that 'distributed practice' yields superior long-term retention. By spacing study intervals over days or weeks, the brain is forced to retrieve information repeatedly, which strengthens neural pathways. This phenomenon, known as the spacing effect, is further enhanced when combined with active recall, such as testing oneself rather than passively rereading notes. Although distributed practice requires more planning and initially feels more difficult, it ultimately leads to more durable and versatile knowledge structures. [Q36] How does the speaker contrast 'cramming' with 'distributed practice'?

    中文翻譯

    學生在準備考試時，經常會求助於「臨時抱佛腳」（cramming）——也就是將學習時間集中在單一次、令人精疲力竭的時間段內。雖然這可能會在當下的考試中產生短暫的記憶，但認知心理學一致表明，「分散練習」（distributed practice）能帶來更優異的長期記憶效果。透過將學習間隔拉長到幾天或幾週，大腦會被迫反覆提取資訊，進而強化神經通道。這種被稱為「間隔效應」（spacing effect）的現象，若與「主動回想」（active recall，例如自我測試，而非被動地重讀筆記）相結合，效果會更佳。雖然分散練習需要更多的規劃，且一開始感覺比較困難，但它最終能建構出更持久且靈活的知識結構。

  1. 第 37 題

    • AIt allows the brain to rest and completely forget the material.
    • BIt reduces the physical strain on the student's eyes and posture.
    • CIt forces the brain to repeatedly retrieve the stored information.
    • DIt increases the speed of reading during initial study phases.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Why does spacing study intervals strengthen neural pathways?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 36 題共用段落。）[第 37 題] 為什麼間隔學習時間能強化神經通路？

  1. 第 38 題

    • APassively highlighting key terms in a textbook.
    • BListening to background music while studying.
    • CReviewing notes immediately before going to sleep.
    • DPracticing active recall, such as self-testing.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] What study technique is mentioned as a way to enhance the spacing effect?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 36 題共用段落。） [第 38 題] 提及了哪一種學習技巧來作為增強間隔效應的方法？

  1. 第 39 題

    • AIt requires more organization and can initially feel more challenging.
    • BIt has been proven ineffective for advanced scientific subjects.
    • CIt demands expensive specialized software to track study sessions.
    • DIt is banned by most academic institutions during final exams.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] Why might some students avoid distributed practice despite its benefits?

    中文翻譯

    為什麼有些學生儘管分散練習（distributed practice）有好處，卻可能還是會避開它？

  1. 第 40 題

    • AStudents should focus on passive reading to save mental energy.
    • BCramming is the most efficient way to achieve perfect grades with minimal effort.
    • CSpaced, active study methods are far more effective for durable learning than cramming.
    • DCognitive psychology cannot explain how students learn complex information.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the main message of the passage regarding learning?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 36 題共用聽力文本。）[第 40 題] 關於學習，本文傳達的主要訊息是什麼？

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