全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 6

While the integration of artificial intelligence in grading essays promises unparalleled efficiency, educators must remain vigilant against algorithmic bias. Machine learning models are trained on historical data, which inherently reflects past human prejudices and standardized linguistic norms. Consequently, non-standard dialects or creative rhetorical structures might be unfairly penalized by automated systems. To mitigate this risk, institutions should implement a hybrid approach where AI serves as a preliminary screening tool, but final evaluations are invariably conducted by human instructors who can appreciate nuanced expression. [Q1] What is the speaker's primary recommendation regarding the use of AI in grading?

中文翻译

虽然将人工智能引入论文评分有望带来无可比拟的高效，但教育工作者必须对算法偏见保持警惕。机器学习模型是基于历史数据训练的，这不可避免地反映了过去人类的偏见和标准化的语言规范。因此，非标准方言或创造性的修辞结构可能会被自动评分系统不公正地扣分。为了降低这一风险，学校和机构应当采用一种混合方法，即由AI担任初筛工具，而最终的评估仍一律由能够理解微妙表达的人类教师来完成。

Eco-labeling has emerged as a prominent marketing strategy, yet its efficacy in driving genuine environmental conservation remains contentious. Many consumers readily pay a premium for products bearing green stamps, assuming their purchasing decisions directly foster sustainability. However, a significant portion of these labels are self-certified by corporations rather than verified by independent third parties, leading to widespread greenwashing. Without rigorous, standardized verification protocols, eco-labels risk becoming mere marketing gimmicks that obscure rather than clarify environmental impacts. [Q2] What does the speaker imply about many current eco-labels?

中文翻译

生态标签已成为一种主流的营销策略，但其在推动真正环境保护方面的实际成效仍存在争议。许多消费者愿意为带有绿色标识的产品支付溢价，认为他们的购买决策能直接促进可持续发展。然而，这些标签中很大一部分是由企业自行认证的，而非经过独立第三方验证，这导致了普遍的“漂绿”行为。缺乏严格、标准化的验证程序，生态标签就有可能沦为纯粹的营销噱头，不仅无法厘清对环境的影响，反而会将其掩盖。

The transition to remote work has undoubtedly offered employees greater flexibility, yet it has simultaneously eroded the boundaries between professional and personal spheres. When the home doubles as an office, the cognitive association of the domestic environment with relaxation is disrupted, often leading to chronic overwork and burnout. Employers must actively cultivate a corporate culture that respects offline hours, rather than merely celebrating the constant availability that digital connectivity affords. Only by establishing clear communication protocols can organizations sustain long-term productivity without compromising employee well-being. [Q3] According to the speaker, what is a major drawback of remote work?

中文翻译

向远程办公的转型无疑为员工提供了更大的灵活性，但与此同时，它也侵蚀了工作与个人生活之间的界限。当家庭兼作办公室时，人们将家庭环境与放松联系起来的认知关联就会被打破，这往往会导致长期的过度工作和职业倦怠。雇主必须积极培育一种尊重下班时间的企业文化，而不是一味推崇数字互联所带来的“随时待命”状态。只有建立明确的沟通协议，企业才能在不损害员工福祉的前提下，维持长期的生产力。根据发言者的说法，远程办公的一个主要弊端是什么？

Urban agriculture is frequently heralded as the ultimate solution to food insecurity in metropolitan areas. While rooftop gardens and vertical farms certainly contribute to local food supplies and reduce transportation emissions, they are not a panacea. The high energy inputs required for temperature control and artificial lighting in vertical systems often offset their environmental benefits. Furthermore, the limited variety of crops that can be economically grown in these setups means urban farms can supplement, but never fully replace, traditional rural agriculture. [Q4] What is the speaker's attitude toward urban agriculture?

中文翻译

都市农业经常被誉为解决大都市地区粮食安全问题的终极方案。虽然屋顶花园和垂直农场确实有助于保障本地食品供应并减少运输排放，但它们并非万灵药。垂直系统中用于温控和人工照明的高能耗往往会抵消其环保优势。此外，在这些设备中能够实现经济种植的作物种类有限，这意味着都市农业只能起到补充作用，而永远无法完全取代传统的乡村农业。[Q4] 说话者对都市农业持什么态度？

Overtourism has forced several historical cities to implement stringent measures, such as tourist taxes and visitor caps, to preserve their cultural heritage and infrastructure. While these policies are often criticized by local merchants who rely on high foot traffic, they are vital for the long-term viability of these destinations. Unchecked tourism leads to the degradation of historical sites, puts immense strain on local resources, and drives residents out of city centers due to soaring living costs. A balance must be struck where tourism supports the economy without compromising the quality of life for locals. [Q5] Why does the speaker support measures like visitor caps in historic cities?

中文翻译

过度旅游已迫使一些历史名城采取严厉措施，如征收旅游税和限制游客人数，以保护其文化遗产和基础设施。虽然这些政策往往遭到依赖高客流量的当地商户的批评，但它们对于这些目的地的长期可持续发展至关重要。毫无节制的旅游业会导致历史遗迹退化，给当地资源带来巨大压力，并因生活成本飙升而将居民赶出市中心。我们必须在支持经济发展与不损害当地居民生活质量之间取得平衡。[Q5] 为什么发言人支持在历史名城采取限制游客人数等措施？

Traditional classroom lectures often privilege abstract theoretical knowledge over practical application, leaving students ill-prepared for real-world challenges. Experiential learning, through internships and community-based projects, bridges this gap by forcing students to apply concepts in unpredictable environments. This pedagogical approach not only enhances critical thinking but also fosters emotional intelligence and adaptability. Educational institutions must shift their curricula to integrate these hands-on experiences, ensuring that academic success aligns with professional competence. [Q6] What main benefit of experiential learning does the speaker highlight?

中文翻译

传统的课堂教学往往偏重抽象的理论知识，而忽视了实际应用，导致学生在面对现实世界的挑战时准备不足。而通过实习和社区项目进行的体验式学习，通过促使学生在不可预测的环境中应用所学概念，填补了这一空白。这种教学方法不仅能提升批判性思维，还能培养情商和适应能力。教育机构必须改革课程体系，融入这些实践体验，确保学术成功与职业能力相契合。

The digitization of historical archives has revolutionized academic research, allowing scholars worldwide to access rare manuscripts at the click of a button. However, this digital shift presents its own set of preservation challenges, primarily hardware and software obsolescence. Digital file formats that are standard today may become unreadable in a matter of decades as technology advances. Therefore, digital preservation requires continuous curation, migrating data to new formats periodically, which is an expensive and labor-intensive process that many smaller archives cannot afford. [Q7] What is a major challenge of digital archiving mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻译

历史档案的数字化彻底改变了学术研究，使全球学者只需动动鼠标就能获取珍稀手稿。然而，这种数字化转型也带来了自身特有的保存挑战，主要是硬件和软件的老化淘汰。随着技术的进步，如今标准的数字文件格式可能在短短几十年内就会变得无法读取。因此，数字保存需要持续的管理维护，定期将数据迁移到新格式，而这是一个高昂且耗费人力的过程，许多规模较小的档案馆根本无力承担。

Many adults view sleep as a luxury they can compromise in favor of productivity, unaware of the profound cognitive deficits associated with chronic sleep deprivation. Research consistently demonstrates that even mild sleep debt impairs decision-making, memory consolidation, and emotional regulation. While caffeine can temporarily mask drowsiness, it does not restore cognitive function or alleviate the physiological stress placed on the body. Prioritizing sleep is not a sign of weakness; rather, it is a prerequisite for sustained intellectual performance and long-term health. [Q8] What does the speaker imply about using caffeine to combat sleep deprivation?

中文翻译

许多成年人将睡眠视为为了提高工作效率而可以牺牲的奢侈品，却忽视了长期睡眠不足所带来的严重认知缺陷。研究一致表明，即使是轻微的睡眠不足也会损害决策、记忆巩固和情绪调节。虽然咖啡因可以暂时掩盖困意，但它并不能恢复认知功能，也无法缓解身体承受的生理压力。优先考虑睡眠并非软弱的表现，相反，它是保持持续智力表现和长期健康的先决条件。

The rise of ultra-fast fashion has democratized style, making trendy apparel accessible to consumers of all economic backgrounds. However, this affordability comes at an astronomical cost to the environment and labor standards. Clothing items are designed to be discarded after only a few wears, fueling a culture of relentless consumption and massive landfill waste. Consumers must shift their focus from quantity to quality, supporting brands that prioritize durable construction and ethical supply chains, even if it means paying higher initial prices. [Q9] What is the speaker's main argument regarding fast fashion?

中文翻译

超快时尚的兴起使时尚走向大众化，让各种经济背景的消费者都能买得起潮流服饰。然而，这种廉价是以对环境和劳工标准造成极其高昂的代价为折中。这些衣服在设计之初就注定在穿过几次后被丢弃，从而助长了无节制消费的风气，并造成了大量的垃圾填埋。消费者必须将关注点从数量转向质量，支持那些注重耐穿和道德供应链的品牌，即使这意味着起初要支付更高的价格。问题：关于快时尚，说话者的主要论点是什么？

While parks and green spaces are often integrated into city planning for aesthetic reasons, their ecological value is frequently overlooked. Urban green spaces act as crucial refuges for biodiversity, supporting native insect, bird, and plant species that would otherwise struggle to survive in concrete environments. By planning interconnected green corridors rather than isolated patches, cities can facilitate the movement of wildlife and promote genetic diversity. Designing urban areas with biodiversity in mind is essential for ecological resilience in an increasingly urbanized world. [Q10] What design strategy does the speaker suggest for maximizing urban biodiversity?

中文翻译

虽然公园和绿地通常出于美学考量而被纳入城市规划，但它们的生态价值却经常被忽视。城市绿地是生物多样性的重要避难所，为本土昆虫、鸟类和植物物种提供了生存空间，否则它们很难在钢筋水泥的城市环境中生存。通过规划互联互通的绿色廊道，而不是孤立的绿地碎片，城市可以促进野生动物的迁徙并提高基因多样性。在日益城市化的世界中，在城市设计中充分考虑生物多样性，对于增强生态韧性至关重要。

In today's fast-paced corporate environment, multitasking is often praised as a highly desirable skill. However, cognitive science reveals that the human brain cannot focus on two complex tasks simultaneously; instead, it rapidly switches back and forth between them. This constant task-switching increases cognitive load, heightens error rates, and ultimately reduces overall efficiency. Rather than demanding multitasking, leaders should encourage deep work, allowing employees dedicated blocks of uninterrupted time to focus on single, high-priority tasks. [Q11] What does the speaker suggest corporate leaders should do?

中文翻译

在当今快节奏的企业环境中，多任务处理常被赞誉为一种备受推崇的技能。然而，认知科学表明，人类大脑无法同时专注于两项复杂的任务；相反，它只是在任务之间快速切换。这种持续的任务切换增加了认知负荷，提高了错误率，并最终降低了整体效率。领导者不应强求多任务处理，而应鼓励“深度工作”，为员工分配专属且不受干扰的时间，以便他们专注于单一的高优先级任务。[Q11] 说话者建议企业领导者应该怎么做？

For decades, early childhood bilingualism was thought to delay language acquisition, with educators advising parents to focus on a single language at home. Modern cognitive psychology has thoroughly debunked this myth, revealing that bilingual children actually exhibit superior executive functioning, such as problem-solving and task-switching. Navigating two linguistic systems exercises the brain's frontal lobe, building cognitive reserve that can even delay the onset of age-related mental decline. Embracing multilingual education from an early age is therefore a profound intellectual investment. [Q12] According to the speaker, what is a benefit of childhood bilingualism?

中文翻译

几十年来，人们一直认为幼儿期的双语能力会延缓语言习得，教育工作者也因此建议家长在家里只专注于使用一种语言。现代认知心理学已经彻底推翻了这一误区，指出双语儿童实际上展现出更优异的执行功能，例如解决问题和切换任务的能力。在两种语言系统之间切换能锻炼大脑的额叶，积累认知储备，甚至能延缓与年龄相关的认知衰退。因此，从小接受多语言教育是一项深远的智力投资。

Metropolitan regions often experience what meteorologists call the urban heat island effect, where concrete and asphalt absorb and radiate solar heat, making cities significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. To combat this, urban planners are experimenting with cool roofs and permeable pavements that reflect sunlight and allow water evaporation. Additionally, planting deciduous trees along streets provides shade during hot summer months while allowing sunlight to warm buildings in winter. These microclimate modifications are critical for reducing energy consumption for air conditioning and improving urban comfort. [Q13] How do deciduous trees help regulate urban temperatures throughout the year?

中文翻译

大都市地区经常会出现气象学家所说的“热岛效应”，即混凝土和沥青会吸收并辐射太阳热量，导致城市温度明显高于周边乡村地区。为了应对这一问题，城市规划者正在尝试使用冷屋顶和透水路面，以反射阳光并促进水分蒸发。此外，在街道两旁种植落叶树，既能在炎热的夏季提供遮阴，又能在冬季让阳光照进并温暖建筑物。这些微气候调节措施对于降低空调能耗和提高城市舒适度至关重要。[第13题] 落叶树是如何在全年帮助调节城市温度的？

In an era dominated by convenience and fast-casual dining, the Slow Food movement advocates for a return to local culinary traditions and sustainable agriculture. This movement is not merely about eating slowly; it is a philosophy that connects the plate with the planet. By supporting local farmers and heritage crop varieties, consumers can help preserve biodiversity and reduce the carbon footprint associated with global food transport. Furthermore, preparing meals from scratch fosters community and familial bonds, transforming eating from a mindless chore into a shared celebration. [Q14] What is the underlying philosophy of the Slow Food movement?

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在便利和快餐主导的时代，“慢食运动”倡导回归地方饮食传统和可持续农业。这一运动不仅关乎放慢用餐速度，更是一种将餐盘与地球联系在一起的哲学。通过支持当地农民和传统作物品种，消费者可以帮助保护生物多样性，并减少全球食品运输带来的碳足迹。此外，从零开始亲手制作餐食能够增进社区和家庭纽带，将吃饭从一项无意识的琐事转化为一种共同的庆祝。[Q14] 慢食运动的核心哲学是什么？

Many people believe that creative breakthroughs are the result of sudden, passive inspiration. In reality, psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's concept of 'flow' suggests that peak creativity occurs during active, deep immersion in a challenging activity. When an individual's skill level matches the high difficulty of a task, they enter a state of intense focus where self-consciousness fades and time seems to distort. Cultivating flow requires minimizing external distractions and engaging in hobbies or work that push the boundaries of one's current abilities. [Q15] According to the speaker, how does one cultivate the 'flow' state?

中文翻译

许多人认为，创造性的突破是灵光一现、被动等待灵感的结果。然而，心理学家米哈里·契克森米哈赖提出的“心流”概念表明，最具创造力的时刻往往发生在主动、深度沉浸于某项具有挑战性的活动时。当个人的技能水平与任务的高难度相匹配，人们就会进入一种高度专注的状态，此时自我意识会暂时消失，连时间感也会发生扭曲。培养“心流”需要尽量减少外界干扰，并投入到能够挑战自身能力极限的兴趣爱好或工作之中。根据发言者的说法，人们应该如何培养“心流”状态？

While the installation of extensive green roofs has been widely lauded for mitigating the urban heat island effect, recent microclimatic research suggests that their efficacy is highly contingent upon localized wind patterns and structural heights. In high-density metropolitan areas, high-rise buildings often create wind canyons that can inadvertently desiccate the vegetation on lower-level green roofs, thereby reducing their transpirational cooling capacity. To optimize these ecological interventions, municipal planners must transition from generic greening mandates to site-specific aerodynamic modeling. This ensures that the selected flora can withstand localized shear winds and continue to contribute to ambient temperature reduction. [Q16] What is the main limitation of green roofs discussed by the speaker?

中文翻译

虽然大规模铺设屋顶绿化因能缓解城市热岛效应而广受赞誉，但最近的微气候研究表明，其具体功效在很大程度上取决于局部的风场格局和建筑高度。在高密度大都市地区，高层建筑常常会产生狭管风，这可能会在不经意间导致低层屋顶绿化的植被脱水枯萎，从而削弱其蒸腾降温能力。为了优化这些生态干预措施，城市规划者必须从一刀切的强制绿化指标，转向因地制宜的气流动力学建模。这能确保所选植被可以抵御局部的剪切风，并持续发挥降低环境温度的作用。

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] What does the speaker imply about generic greening mandates?

中文翻译

（与第16题共用文本。）[第17题] 关于通用的绿化强制要求，说话者暗示了什么？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] According to the passage, how do wind canyons in high-density areas affect lower-level green roofs?

中文翻译

根据文章，高密度区域的峡谷风是如何影响较低楼层的绿化屋顶的？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What solution does the speaker propose for municipal planners?

中文翻译

（与第16题共用录音材料。）[第19题] 发言人给市政规划人员提出了什么解决方案？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What is the speaker's tone regarding the future of urban greening?

中文翻译

(与第16题共用材料。) [Q20] 发言者对城市绿化的未来持有什么样的态度？

In today's hyper-connected corporate landscape, the concept of multitasking is frequently celebrated as a hallmark of high productivity. However, cognitive psychology consistently refutes this notion, demonstrating that what we perceive as simultaneous processing is actually rapid task-switching. This constant shifting incurs a significant 'cognitive switch cost,' which manifests as depleted mental energy, a higher frequency of errors, and decreased depth of focus. To foster deep work and cognitive recovery, progressive organizations are now experimenting with 'quiet hours'—designated blocks of time during which internal communication platforms are silenced, allowing employees to engage in uninterrupted, single-task focus. [Q21] What does the speaker clarify about multitasking?

中文翻译

在当今高度互联的职场环境中，多任务处理的概念经常被视为高生产力的象征。然而，认知心理学一再反驳这一观点，指出我们所认为的同时处理实际上是快速的任务切换。这种不断的切换会带来显著的“认知转换成本”，表现为脑力消耗、错误率增加以及专注度下降。为了促进深度工作和认知恢复，一些前沿企业正在尝试推行“静音时间”——即设定专门的时间段，在此期间关闭内部沟通平台，让员工能够不受干扰地专注于单一任务。

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] What is one consequence of the 'cognitive switch cost' mentioned in the talk?

中文翻译

（与第21题共用听力文本）

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] Why are some progressive organizations implementing 'quiet hours'?

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（与第21题共用文章。）[第23题] 为什么一些理念先进的组织要推行“静音时间”（quiet hours）？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What is the speaker’s attitude toward the traditional celebration of multitasking?

中文翻译

（与第21题共用文章）[第24题] 说话者对传统上推崇多任务处理的态度是什么？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] Based on the talk, what would be an effective strategy for an individual looking to minimize cognitive switch costs?

中文翻译

根据这段讲话，个人如果想要最大程度地减少认知切换成本，有效的策略是什么？

Neuromarketing, an emerging discipline at the intersection of neuroscience and consumer behavior, utilizes functional neuroimaging to bypass conscious self-reporting. Historically, market researchers relied on focus groups, which are notoriously susceptible to social desirability bias—the tendency of participants to answer in ways that project a favorable self-image. By monitoring brain activity directly in response to product packaging or brand messaging, researchers can gauge subconscious emotional resonance and attentional engagement. However, critics raise ethical concerns, arguing that such techniques could potentially be leveraged to bypass rational decision-making processes entirely, turning consumers into involuntary buyers. [Q26] What is the primary advantage of neuromarketing over traditional focus groups?

中文翻译

神经营销学作为一门处于神经科学和消费者行为学交叉领域的新兴学科，利用功能性神经影像技术来绕过有意识的自我报告。过去，市场研究人员主要依赖焦点小组，而焦点小组极易受到社会期许偏差（social desirability bias）的影响——即参与者倾向于做出能展示自身良好形象的回答。通过直接监测大脑对产品包装或品牌信息的反应，研究人员可以评估潜意识中的情感共鸣和注意力参与度。然而，批评者也提出了伦理方面的担忧，认为这类技术可能会被用来完全绕过理性的决策过程，从而让消费者变成不由自主的购买者。

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] What is 'social desirability bias' as described in the passage?

中文翻译

（与第26题共用听力材料。）[第27题] 听力材料中描述的“社会赞许性偏差”（social desirability bias）指的是什么？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] How does neuromarketing gather data on consumer preferences?

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（与第26题共用文章）[第28题] 神经营销学是如何收集消费者偏好数据的？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] What ethical concern do critics raise regarding neuromarketing?

中文翻译

[Q29] 关于神经营销学，批评者提出了怎样的伦理担忧？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What is the speaker’s objective in presenting this information?

中文翻译

（与第26题共用材料。）[第30题] 说话者介绍这些信息的目的是什么？

Fermentation is often celebrated as a culinary art, but from a biological standpoint, it is a sophisticated method of preservation and nutrient enhancement. By introducing specific microbial cultures, such as lactobacillus, we initiate an environment where beneficial bacteria outcompete spoilage-causing organisms. These microbes metabolize complex sugars into organic acids, lowering the pH to a level that inhibits pathogens. Furthermore, this metabolic process pre-digests certain compounds, rendering vitamins and minerals more bioavailable to the human digestive system. Consequently, fermented foods not only boast extended shelf lives without chemical additives but also provide superior nutritional profiles. [Q31] According to the passage, how do beneficial bacteria prevent food spoilage?

中文翻译

人们常将发酵赞誉为一种烹饪艺术，但从生物学角度来看，它是一种精妙的保鲜和营养增强方法。通过引入特定的微生物菌群（如乳酸菌），我们创造了一个有益菌能压制致腐生物的生存环境。这些微生物将复杂糖类代谢为有机酸，从而降低pH值，达到抑制病原体的水平。此外，这一代谢过程还会预先消化某些化合物，使维生素和矿物质更易被人体消化系统吸收。因此，发酵食品不仅无需添加化学添加剂即可延长保质期，还能提供更优质的营养成分。根据文章，有益菌是如何防止食物变质的？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] What does the term 'bioavailable' imply about the nutrients in fermented foods?

中文翻译

(与第31题共用材料。) [第32题] “bioavailable”一词暗示了发酵食品中的营养成分具有什么特点？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] What role do complex sugars play in the fermentation process?

中文翻译

复合糖在发酵过程中起什么作用？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] What is a major advantage of fermented foods over chemically preserved ones?

中文翻译

与化学防腐食品相比，发酵食品的主要优势是什么？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] Which of the following best describes the speaker’s perspective on fermentation?

中文翻译

（与第31题共享听力材料。）

The integration of gamification into secondary education is often misunderstood as merely turning lessons into video games. In reality, effective educational gamification extracts structural mechanics—such as rapid feedback loops, progress tracking, and incremental mastery—to cultivate intrinsic motivation. When students receive immediate feedback on formative assessments, they can adjust their learning strategies dynamically rather than waiting for end-of-term exams. This shifts the academic focus from performance orientation, where students fear failure, to a mastery orientation, where mistakes are viewed as essential diagnostic tools for growth. However, educators must ensure that game elements do not overshadow the core curricular content. [Q36] What is a common misconception about educational gamification?

中文翻译

将游戏化融入中等教育往往被误解为仅仅是把课程变成电子游戏。实际上，有效的教学游戏化提取了结构性机制——例如快速反馈循环、进度跟踪和渐进式掌握——来培养内在学习动机。当学生在形成性评估中获得即时反馈时，他们可以动态地调整学习策略，而不是等待期末考试。这使学术关注焦点从表现取向（学生害怕失败）转变为掌握取向（错误被视为促进成长的必要诊断工具）。然而，教育工作者必须确保游戏元素不会掩盖核心课程内容。

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] How does immediate feedback benefit students according to the passage?

中文翻译

（与第36题共享文章。）[第37题] 根据文章内容，即时反馈是如何对学生产生益处的？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] What is the difference between 'performance orientation' and 'mastery orientation'?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用材料。）[第38题] “表现定向”与“掌握定向”有什么区别？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What warning does the speaker give to educators regarding gamification?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用录音材料。）[第39题]

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the speaker's main purpose?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用材料。）[Q40] 说话者的主要目的是什么？