全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 2

While early adopters heralded the open-plan office as a crucible for spontaneous collaboration, subsequent empirical studies paint a far more nuanced picture. In truth, the relentless sensory barrage of overhead conversations and ambient clamor often compels workers to retreat behind noise-canceling headphones, paradoxically stifling the very face-to-face synergy these designs were meant to foster. To mitigate this cognitive drain, forward-thinking organizations are now pivoting toward hybrid layouts that delineate designated quiet zones from communal hubs. [Q1] What is the speaker's main point about open-plan offices?

中文翻譯

雖然早期採用者將開放式辦公室譽為促進自發性合作的熔爐，但隨後的實證研究卻描繪出更為複雜且微妙的景象。事實上，旁人交談與環境雜音接連不斷的感官刺激，往往迫使員工戴上抗噪耳機來躲避干擾，反而諷刺地扼殺了這類設計原本旨在促進的面對面協同效應。為減輕這種認知消耗，具有前瞻性的企業組織正轉向混合式佈局，將指定的安靜專區與公共交流中心明確區隔開來。[Q1] 關於開放式辦公室，講者的主要觀點是什麼？

When selecting synthetic performance apparel, consumers often overlook the hidden ecological footprint of laundering. Synthetic textiles, such as polyester and nylon, shed millions of microfibers per wash cycle, which easily bypass wastewater treatment plants and enter aquatic ecosystems. While upgrading washing machine filtration systems is a step in the right direction, a more systemic solution lies in the development of biodegradable alternatives and a conscious shift back to durable, natural fibers. [Q2] According to the speaker, what is the most comprehensive solution to the issue of microfiber pollution?

中文翻譯

在挑選合成機能服飾時，消費者往往會忽略清洗過程中所隱藏的生態足跡。像是聚酯纖維和尼龍等合成紡織品，每次清洗都會釋出數百萬條微纖維，這些微纖維很容易繞過廢水處理廠並進入水生生態系統。雖然升級洗衣機的過濾系統是朝著正確方向邁出的一步，但更根本的解決方案，在於開發可生物分解的替代材料，並有意識地轉回使用耐用的天然纖維。

A common misconception is that bilingualism confuses the developing mind, leading to linguistic delays in early childhood. On the contrary, cognitive research consistently demonstrates that navigating two linguistic systems enhances executive function—the mental processes that enable goal-directed behavior. Bilingual children regularly practice selecting one language while inhibiting the other, which refines their cognitive flexibility and working memory, advantages that persist well into senescence. [Q3] What cognitive advantage of bilingualism does the speaker highlight?

中文翻譯

大眾常有一個誤解，認為雙語能力會混淆發育中的大腦，進而導致幼兒時期的語言發展遲緩。相反地，認知研究一致表明，在兩種語言系統之間切換能增強執行功能——即促成目標導向行為的心智運作過程。雙語兒童經常練習在選擇一種語言的同時抑制另一種語言，這能提升他們的認知彈性與工作記憶，而這些優勢會一直持續到老年。

In contemporary retail, the concept of choice overload presents a formidable challenge to marketers. While an extensive product array initially attracts foot traffic by promising variety, it often paralyzes the consumer at the point of purchase, inducing anxiety over making a suboptimal decision. Consequently, brands that curate their offerings, presenting a streamlined selection tailored to specific customer personas, frequently see higher conversion rates and greater customer satisfaction. [Q4] What does the speaker suggest brands should do to combat choice overload?

中文翻譯

在現代零售業中，「選擇超載」的概念對行銷人員構成了嚴峻的挑戰。雖然琳瑯滿目的商品最初能以多樣性吸引人流，但往往會在消費者準備購買時使其陷入停滯，進而因擔心做出次佳決定而產生焦慮。因此，那些篩選精簡商品、針對特定客群提供精準化選擇的品牌，往往能獲得更高的轉換率和顧客滿意度。

As cities grapple with unprecedented congestion, urban planners are re-evaluating the dominance of the private automobile. The concept of the '15-minute city' has gained significant traction, proposing a framework where daily necessities, work, and leisure are all accessible within a short walk or bicycle ride from one's doorstep. Implementing this model requires a departure from traditional single-use zoning laws toward vibrant, mixed-use neighborhoods. [Q5] What is a necessary requirement for implementing the '15-minute city' model?

中文翻譯

隨著城市面臨前所未有的交通壅塞，都市規劃師正在重新評估自用汽車的主導地位。『15分鐘城市』的概念已受到高度關注，其提倡的框架是讓居民從家門口出發，只需步行或騎自行車的短暫路程，即可滿足日常生活所需、工作與休閒娛樂。要落實此模式，需要擺脫傳統的單一用途分區管制法律，轉向發展充滿活力的混合用途社區。[Q5] 實施『15分鐘城市』模式的必要條件是什麼？

Vertical farming is often lauded as the future of agriculture, boasting minimal water usage and year-round crop yields independent of weather conditions. However, the high energy demands of maintaining artificial lighting and precise climate control systems remain a significant economic and environmental bottleneck. Until renewable energy sources can reliably and affordably power these vertical facilities, their capacity to fully replace conventional farming remains constrained. [Q6] What is currently the primary limitation of vertical farming according to the speaker?

中文翻譯

垂直農業常被譽為農業的未來，其優勢在於耗水量極低，且作物產量全年穩定，不受天氣條件影響。然而，維持人工照明與精準氣候控制系統所需的高能量需求，仍是重大的經濟與環境瓶頸。在再生能源能夠穩定且廉價地為這些垂直設施供電之前，它們完全取代傳統農業的能力依然受限。

While ecotourism is marketed as a symbiotic relationship between travelers and fragile ecosystems, the influx of visitors can unwittingly disrupt the very wildlife it seeks to protect. For instance, even well-managed trail walking can alter animal migration paths and stress nesting birds, leading to lower reproductive success. Therefore, true ecotourism must prioritize conservation over commercial scalability, implementing strict limits on visitor capacity. [Q7] What is the speaker's main concern regarding ecotourism?

中文翻譯

雖然生態旅遊在行銷上被描繪為旅客與脆弱生態系統之間的共生關係，但遊客的湧入可能會在無意中破壞其試圖保護的野生動物。例如，即使是管理良好的步道健行，也可能改變動物的遷徙路徑並對築巢的鳥類造成壓力，進而降低繁殖成功率。因此，真正的生態旅遊必須將保育置於商業擴張之上，對遊客承載量實施嚴格限制。講者對生態旅遊的主要擔憂是什麼？

Effective corporate mentorship is not merely a unidirectional transfer of wisdom from veteran to novice. Rather, the most successful partnerships are characterized by reciprocal learning, where junior employees introduce senior executives to emerging technological tools and shifting cultural paradigms. This reverse mentorship not only bridges generational divides but also fosters a more agile organization capable of adapting to rapid market shifts. [Q8] According to the speaker, what characterizes an effective corporate mentorship program?

中文翻譯

有效的企業導師制度不僅僅是資深員工向新進同仁單向傳授經驗。相反地，最成功的夥伴關係具有「雙向學習」（reciprocal learning）的特徵，由初階員工帶領高階主管認識新興科技工具與轉變中的文化思維。這種「反向導師制」不僅能消除世代隔閡，還能培育出更具敏捷度、能適應市場快速變化的組織。根據講者的說法，有效的企業導師計畫具有什麼特徵？

In our hyper-connected digital age, active listening has become a scarce yet invaluable skill. True active listening requires more than just remaining silent while another person speaks; it demands cognitive engagement, empathetic reflection, and the suspension of immediate judgment. By validating the speaker's feelings before formulating a rebuttal, we can transform potentially adversarial arguments into collaborative problem-solving opportunities. [Q9] According to the speaker, what is a key component of active listening?

中文翻譯

在我們這個高度連結的數位時代，積極傾聽已成為一項稀缺卻無價的技能。真正的積極傾聽不僅僅是在他人說話時保持沉默，它還需要認知投入、同理反映，以及暫緩立即做出判斷。透過在準備反駁之前先肯定說話者的感受，我們可以將潛在的對抗性爭論轉化為協作式解決問題的契機。

Biomimicry—the practice of looking to nature for solutions to human engineering challenges—has revolutionized materials science. A classic example is the development of self-cleaning paint, inspired by the microscopic structure of the lotus leaf, which naturally repels water and dirt. By understanding and replicating these evolutionary adaptations, engineers can create sustainable, high-performance materials without relying on toxic chemical coatings. [Q10] What is the primary benefit of biomimicry in materials science as described by the speaker?

中文翻譯

仿生學——意即從大自然中尋找人類工程挑戰解決方案的做法——徹底改變了材料科學。一個經典的例子是自潔漆的開發，其靈感來自荷葉的微觀結構，能自然排斥水分和髒污。藉由理解並複製這些演化適應，工程師可以創造出高功能且具永續性的材料，而無需依賴有毒的化學塗料。[第10題] 講者所描述的仿生學在材料科學中的主要好處是什麼？

In an era increasingly dominated by STEM disciplines, the humanities are often marginalized as impractical pursuits. However, studies in literature, philosophy, and history cultivate critical thinking and ethical reasoning—skills that are indispensable in an automated workforce. While technical skills may become obsolete as software advances, the ability to analyze complex human contexts and articulate nuanced arguments remains uniquely irreplaceable by artificial intelligence. [Q11] Why does the speaker argue that the humanities remain highly valuable?

中文翻譯

在一個日益由 STEM（科學、技術、工程、數學）學科主導的時代，人文學科常被邊緣化，被視為不切實際的追求。然而，文學、哲學和歷史的研究能培養批判性思考與倫理推理能力，這些技能在自動化職場中是不可或缺的。雖然技術技能可能會隨著軟體進步而過時，但分析複雜人類情境和表達細緻論點的能力，依然是人工智慧獨特且無法取代的。 [第 11 題] 為什麼講者認為人文學科依然極具價值？

The rapid proliferation of subscription-based business models has transformed consumer ownership into a system of ongoing temporary access. While this model lowers the initial cost barrier for premium software and entertainment, it ultimately binds consumers to perpetual payments. Over time, individuals may find themselves paying far more for the continuous right of access than they ever would have under a traditional one-time purchase framework. [Q12] What potential drawback of subscription models does the speaker identify?

中文翻譯

訂閱制商業模式的蓬勃發展，將消費者的「所有權」轉變為一種持續性的臨時使用權。雖然這種模式降低了取得高階軟體和娛樂內容的初期成本門檻，但它最終會讓消費者綁定在無休止的付款中。久而久之，消費者可能會發現，為了維持持續使用權所累積支付的費用，遠比傳統一次性買斷還要多。請問講者指出了訂閱制模式的哪一個潛在缺點？

To combat the urban heat island effect, cities are increasingly turning to green infrastructure, such as vegetative roofs and permeable pavements. These living surfaces mitigate temperature spikes by absorbing less solar radiation and facilitating cooling through evapotranspiration. Furthermore, by retaining rainwater, green roofs alleviate pressure on overburdened urban drainage systems during severe storms, demonstrating that ecological integration can address multiple urban crises simultaneously. [Q13] How do green roofs help reduce urban temperatures according to the speaker?

中文翻譯

為了因應都市熱島效應，越來越多城市開始採用綠色基礎設施，例如綠屋頂和透水鋪面。這些活體表面透過減少吸收太陽輻射，並藉由蒸散作用促進降溫，進而減緩氣溫急遽上升。此外，在嚴重暴雨期間，綠屋頂能藉由蓄留雨水，減輕負荷過重的都市排水系統的壓力，證明了生態整合能同時解決多個都市危機。[Q13] 根據講者的說法，綠屋頂如何幫助降低都市溫度？

Many people treat sleep as a luxury that can be traded for increased productivity, yet chronic sleep deprivation actively undermines the brain's waste clearance system. During deep sleep, the glymphatic system becomes highly active, flushing out metabolic waste products that accumulate during our waking hours. Starving the brain of this essential maintenance process not only impairs daily cognitive performance but also elevates the risk of long-term neurological decline. [Q14] What crucial function of deep sleep does the speaker highlight?

中文翻譯

許多人將睡眠視為一種可以犧牲以換取更高生產力的奢侈品，然而，長期睡眠不足會主動破壞大腦的廢物清理系統。在深層睡眠期間，膠淋巴系統（glymphatic system）會變得非常活躍，清除我們在清醒時累積的代謝廢物。剝奪大腦這一關鍵的維護過程，不僅會損害日常的認知表現，還會增加長期神經退化的風險。[第14題] 講者強調了深層睡眠的哪項關鍵功能？

When excavating ancient archaeological sites, researchers face a profound ethical dilemma: how to balance the urge to uncover history with the imperative to preserve it. Exposure to oxygen, moisture, and light can trigger rapid deterioration of long-buried organic artifacts, such as wooden structures and textiles. Consequently, modern archaeologists increasingly employ non-invasive techniques like ground-penetrating radar, leaving physical excavation as a last resort to minimize destruction. [Q15] Why are modern archaeologists increasingly using non-invasive techniques?

中文翻譯

在發掘古代考古遺址時，研究人員面臨著一個深刻的倫理兩難：如何在揭開歷史的渴望與保護歷史的必要性之間取得平衡。暴露於氧氣、水分和光線中，可能會導致長期埋藏的有機文物（例如木質結構和紡織品）迅速惡化。因此，現代考古學家越來越多地採用透地雷達等非侵入式技術，將實際的物理挖掘視為最後手段，以盡可能減少破壞。[Q15] 為什麼現代考古學家越來越多地使用非侵入式技術？

While the proliferation of asynchronous communication tools was initially heralded as the ultimate remedy for workplace inefficiencies, recent organizational studies suggest a counterintuitive trend. Instead of streamlining workflows, the constant influx of digital notifications has fragmented employees' cognitive focus, leading to what psychologists term 'hyper-responsiveness.' This cultural expectation of immediate replies forces workers to prioritize superficial task completion over deep, analytical problem-solving. Consequently, forward-thinking enterprises are now instituting 'quiet hours'—dedicated blocks of time where internal messaging platforms are entirely deactivated. The objective is not to stifle collaboration, but rather to restore the mental bandwidth necessary for high-level strategic thinking. [Q16] What is the main purpose of the speaker's talk?

中文翻譯

雖然非同步溝通工具的普及最初被譽為解決職場效率低下的終極良藥，但近期的組織研究卻指出了一個反直覺的趨勢。數位通知的不斷湧入非但沒有簡化工作流程，反而分散了員工的認知專注力，導致心理學家所稱的「過度回應」（hyper-responsiveness）現象。這種要求即時回覆的文化預期，迫使員工優先完成表面工作，而非進行深度的分析性問題解決。因此，具有前瞻性思維的企業現在開始實施「安靜時間」——亦即完全關閉內部通訊平台的專屬時段。其目的並非要扼殺協作，而是為了重建進行高階策略思考所需的心理頻寬。

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] According to the passage, what is 'hyper-responsiveness'?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落）[第 17 題] 根據本文，何謂「過度響應」（hyper-responsiveness）？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] Why are some enterprises implementing 'quiet hours'?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）[第 18 題] 為什麼有些企業要實施「安靜時間（quiet hours）」？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What is the speaker’s attitude toward the initial promise of asynchronous tools?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用聽力內容。）[第 19 題] 講者對非同步工具最初承諾的態度為何？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What does the term 'bandwidth' refer to in the context of the talk?

中文翻譯

在本次演講的語境中，「bandwidth」（頻寬）一詞是指什麼？

The surge in green consumerism has prompted a deluge of eco-labels on supermarket shelves, yet their efficacy in guiding sustainable purchasing decisions remains highly debatable. Many certifications employ deliberately vague terminology, such as 'natural' or 'responsibly sourced,' which lack standardized legal definitions. This phenomenon, often termed 'greenwashing,' exploits consumers' ethical intentions without delivering substantive environmental benefits. Researchers have observed that when faced with an overwhelming array of ambiguous labels, consumers frequently experience choice overload, ultimately reverting to familiar, non-ecological brands. To mitigate this cognitive fatigue, regulatory bodies must establish a unified, transparent rating system that translates complex ecological footprints into intuitive, verifiable metrics. [Q21] What is the primary focus of the speaker's lecture?

中文翻譯

綠色消費主義的興起促使超市貨架上湧現了大量的環保標章，然而，這些標章在引導永續購買決策方面的成效仍然存在高度爭議。許多認證使用刻意模糊的字眼，例如「天然」或「負責任採購」，這些詞彙缺乏標準化的法律定義。這種通常被稱為「漂綠」的現象，利用了消費者的道德意圖，卻未能帶來實質的環保效益。研究人員觀察到，當面對琳瑯滿目且含糊不清的標章時，消費者往往會產生選擇超載，最終又回頭購買許多熟悉而非環保的品牌。為了減輕這種認知疲勞，監管機構必須建立一個統一、透明的評級系統，將複雜的生態足跡轉化為直觀且可驗證的指標。

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] According to the passage, why do terms like 'natural' or 'responsibly sourced' mislead consumers?

中文翻譯

根據本文，為什麼「天然」（natural）或「負責任採購」（responsibly sourced）等詞彙會誤導消費者？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What is a consequence of 'choice overload' mentioned in the talk?

中文翻譯

演講中提到了「選擇超載」（choice overload）的哪一個後果？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What solution does the speaker propose to address the issue of greenwashing?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用聽力文本。）[第 24 題] 講者提出什麼解決方案來解決「漂綠」（greenwashing）的問題？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What is the speaker's tone regarding the current state of eco-labeling?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用聽力文本） 【第 25 題】講者對於當前生態標籤（eco-labeling）的現狀持何種語氣？

A growing body of cognitive research suggests that brief exposures to natural environments can significantly restore depleted attentional resources. According to Attention Restoration Theory, urban environments demand 'directed attention,' which requires conscious effort to filter out distractions like traffic and signage, eventually leading to mental fatigue. In contrast, natural settings invoke 'soft fascination'—an effortless form of attention triggered by aesthetically pleasing, non-threatening stimuli like rustling leaves or moving water. This subtle engagement allows the brain's directed attention mechanisms to rest and recover. Consequently, integrating green spaces into urban architecture is increasingly recognized not merely as an aesthetic enhancement, but as a critical public health intervention to bolster cognitive performance. [Q26] What is the main thesis of the passage?

中文翻譯

越來越多的認知研究指出，短暫接觸自然環境能顯著恢復消耗掉的注意力資源。根據「注意力恢復理論」（Attention Restoration Theory），都市環境需要「定向注意力」（directed attention），這需要刻意努力來過濾掉交通和招牌等干擾，最終導致精神疲勞。相反地，自然環境會引發「軟性魅力」（soft fascination）——這是一種由美觀且無威脅性的刺激（如樹葉沙沙聲或流水）所觸發的輕鬆注意力形式。這種微妙的互動讓大腦的定向注意力機制得以休息並復原。因此，將綠地融入都市建築中，已逐漸被視為一項提升認知表現的關鍵公共衛生介入措施，而不僅僅是美學上的提升。[Q26] 本文的主旨為何？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] Why do urban environments lead to mental fatigue according to the passage?

中文翻譯

根據本文，為什麼都市環境會導致精神疲勞？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] What is 'soft fascination' as described by the speaker?

中文翻譯

[第28題] 講者所描述的「溫和吸引力」（soft fascination）指的是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] How does the speaker view the integration of green spaces in urban design?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用聽力文本。）

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] Based on the passage, who would benefit most from the speaker's recommendations?

中文翻譯

(與第 26 題共用文章) 根據這段內容，誰最能從說話者的建議中獲益？

The global food supply chain relies heavily on cold chain logistics to preserve perishable goods, yet the environmental cost of refrigeration is staggering, accounting for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions. In response, food scientists are developing edible, bio-based coatings derived from agricultural waste, such as chitin from shellfish shells or cellulose from crop residues. These microscopic coatings act as a semi-permeable barrier, regulating gas exchange and moisture loss, thereby slowing down the natural ripening and decay processes. By extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables at room temperature, this technology could drastically reduce both food waste and reliance on energy-intensive refrigeration. Moreover, utilizing agricultural byproducts aligns with the principles of a circular economy, turning waste into a valuable protective resource. [Q31] What is the primary topic of the talk?

中文翻譯

全球食品供應鏈極度依賴冷鏈物流來保存易腐敗的貨物，然而，製冷的環境成本高得驚人，佔了溫室氣體排放的很大一部分。為此，食品科學家正致力於開發以農業廢棄物（例如貝殼中的幾丁質或農作物殘渣中的纖維素）製成的可食用、生物基塗層。這些微觀塗層可作為半透膜屏障，調節氣體交換和水分流失，從而減緩自然成熟與腐爛的過程。透過延長蔬果在常溫下的保鮮期，這項技術可大幅減少食品浪費，並降低對高耗能冷藏的依賴。此外，利用農業副產品符合循環經濟的原則，將廢棄物轉化為極具價值的保護性資源。[Q31] 這場演講的主要主題是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] What material is used to create the new protective coatings?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力文本。）[第 32 題] 製造新型保護塗層使用的是什麼材料？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] How do these microscopic coatings preserve fresh produce?

中文翻譯

(與第 31 題共用聽力文本) [第 33 題] 這些微細塗層是如何保存新鮮農產品的？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] What environmental benefit is mentioned in relation to this technology?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用段落）[Q34] 關於這項技術，提到了哪一項環境益處？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] Why does the speaker mention the 'circular economy'?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用段落。）［第 35 題］講者為何提到「循環經濟」？

Ecotourism is frequently promoted as a win-win scenario that funds conservation efforts while boosting local economies, but its practical execution often falls short of these ideals. In many destination spots, the economic benefits are disproportionately captured by multinational travel agencies and resort chains, a process known as 'leakage.' Local communities are left to bear the ecological burdens, such as habitat disruption and resource depletion, with minimal financial compensation. To foster genuine sustainability, tourism models must pivot toward community-based initiatives where residents hold ownership and decision-making power. Only when local populations are primary stakeholders can tourism truly align ecological preservation with equitable economic development. [Q36] What is the speaker’s main critique of current ecotourism practices?

中文翻譯

生態旅遊經常被宣傳為一種雙贏的方案，既能為保育工作提供資金，又能促進在地經濟，但其實際執行往往落空。在許多旅遊景點，經濟利益不成比例地被跨國旅行社和連鎖度假村瓜分，這種現象被稱為「經濟外流（leakage）」。當地社區在僅獲得極少經濟補償的情況下，卻必須承受棲地破壞和資源枯竭等生態負擔。為了促進真正的永續發展，旅遊模式必須轉向以社區為主導的計畫，讓居民擁有所有權和決策權。只有當當地居民成為主要的利害關係人時，旅遊業才能真正將生態保育與公平的經濟發展相結合。

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] What does the term 'leakage' refer to in the context of the talk?

中文翻譯

（與第 36 題共用段落。）[第 37 題] 在本演講的脈絡中，'leakage' 一詞指的是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] According to the speaker, what negative impacts do local communities face?

中文翻譯

根據講者，當地社區面臨哪些負面影響？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What solution does the speaker propose for a more sustainable tourism model?

中文翻譯

（與第36題共用聽力文本）[第39題] 講者針對更具永續性的觀光模式提出了什麼解決方案？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the speaker's attitude toward the concept of ecotourism itself?

中文翻譯

（與第 36 題共用聽力文本。）[第 40 題] 講者對於「生態旅遊」這個概念本身的態度為何？