全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 7

While open-plan offices were initially hailed as catalysts for collaboration, recent organizational psychology studies suggest they might actually impede deep cognitive work. The constant influx of auditory and visual stimuli forces the brain into a perpetual state of low-grade multitasking, which severely depletes executive function. To mitigate this, some forward-thinking firms are implementing 'quiet zones' and asynchronous communication protocols. The goal is not to eradicate interaction, but to give employees agency over their attentional resources. [Q1] What is the speaker's primary argument regarding open-plan offices?

中文翻譯

雖然開放式辦公室最初被譽為促進合作的催化劑，但最近的組織心理學研究表明，它們實際上可能會阻礙深度的認知工作。源源不絕的聽覺和視覺刺激迫使大腦處於低度多工的持續狀態，這會嚴重消耗執行功能。為了解決這個問題，一些具有前瞻性思維的公司正在實施「安靜區」和非同步溝通協定。其目的並非要消弭互動，而是要讓員工能夠自主掌控自己的注意力資源。[問題] 講者對開放式辦公室的主要論點是什麼？

Urban heat islands have long been a concern for climatologists, but recent research highlights the microclimatic benefits of vertical greenery. Incorporating living walls onto high-rise facades does more than just enhance aesthetic appeal; it actively lowers ambient temperatures through evapotranspiration. Furthermore, these vertical ecosystems act as particulate filters, capturing airborne pollutants before they can settle at street level. Integrating such green infrastructure into zoning laws is no longer a luxury, but a necessity for sustainable metropolitan development. [Q2] According to the speaker, what is a key ecological benefit of vertical greenery?

中文翻譯

都市熱島效應長期以來一向是氣候學家關注的焦點，但最近的研究指出垂直綠化對微氣候的益處。在高樓大廈的外牆結合生態綠牆，其作用不僅僅是提升美觀，還能透過蒸散作用主動降低周圍溫度。此外，這些垂直生態系統還能充當懸浮微粒過濾器，在空氣污染物降落到街道之前將其捕捉。將這類綠色基礎設施納入分區管制法規，對於都市的永續發展而言已不再是奢求，而是不可或缺的要素。根據講者的說法，垂直綠化的主要生態益處是什麼？

In retail marketing, the concept of 'choice paralysis' has revolutionized inventory management. Historically, merchants assumed that presenting consumers with an exhaustive array of options would maximize sales. However, empirical evidence demonstrates that an overabundance of choices often triggers anxiety and decision fatigue, leading consumers to abandon the purchase altogether. By curating a streamlined selection, brands can alleviate cognitive load, thereby fostering a more satisfying and decisive purchasing experience. [Q3] What can be inferred about retail strategies from the passage?

中文翻譯

在零售行銷中，「選擇癱瘓」（choice paralysis）的概念徹底改變了庫存管理。過去，商家認為向消費者提供詳盡無遺的選擇能使銷售額最大化。然而，實證研究顯示，過多的選擇往往會引發焦慮和決策疲勞，進而導致消費者完全放棄購買。藉由精選並簡化商品選項，品牌可以減輕消費者的認知負荷，從而營造出更令人滿意且更果斷的購物體驗。[問題] 從本文中可以推論出關於零售策略的什麼訊息？

The hypothesis of linguistic relativity, often known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, posits that the structure of a language influences its speakers' cognition. While the extreme version of this theory—that language determines thought absolutely—has been largely discredited, the weaker version still holds merit. For instance, studies show that speakers of languages with grammatical gender associate gendered traits with inanimate objects. This suggests that while language may not imprison our thoughts, it certainly nudges our perception in specific directions. [Q4] Which of the following best summarizes the speaker's view on linguistic relativity?

中文翻譯

語言相對論假說（通常被稱為薩丕爾-沃夫假說）主張，語言的結構會影響其使用者的認知。雖然該理論的極端版本——即語言完全決定思維——已在很大程度上被否定，但其較弱的溫和版本依然有其道理。例如，研究顯示，使用具有語法性別之語言的人，會將性別特徵與無生命物體聯想在一起。這表明，雖然語言可能不會束縛我們的思維，但它確實會將我們的感知引導至特定的方向。

When it comes to mastering complex academic material, cramming is a notoriously ineffective strategy. Cognitive psychologists advocate instead for spaced repetition, a technique that leverages the 'spacing effect.' By reviewing information at increasing intervals, learners force their brains to repeatedly retrieve the information from long-term memory just as it is about to be forgotten. This effortful retrieval strengthens neural pathways, ensuring far greater retention than consecutive, passive reviews. [Q5] Why is spaced repetition considered superior to cramming?

中文翻譯

談到掌握複雜的學術教材時，臨時抱佛腳是眾所皆知效果極差的策略。認知心理學家反而提倡「間隔重複」，這是一種利用「間隔效應」的技術。藉由拉長每次複習的時間間隔，學習者能在資訊即將被遺忘時，強迫大腦反覆從長期記憶中提取該資訊。這種費力的提取過程能強化神經通路，確保比連續、被動的複習達到更佳的記憶留存效果。[Q5] 為什麼間隔重複被認為優於臨時抱佛腳？

The rise of the gig economy has undoubtedly provided workers with unprecedented scheduling flexibility. However, this autonomy often comes at a steep price: the erosion of the traditional social contract. Independent contractors typically lack access to employer-sponsored benefits, such as health insurance, paid leave, and retirement contributions. As this labor model proliferates, policymakers face the daunting challenge of redefining labor laws to protect vulnerable gig workers without stifling the entrepreneurial spirit that drives the platform economy. [Q6] What is the speaker's main concern regarding the gig economy?

中文翻譯

零工經濟的興起無疑為工作者帶來了前所未有的時間彈性。然而，這種自主權往往伴隨著沉重的代價：傳統社會契約的瓦解。獨立接案者通常無法享有雇主提供的福利，例如健康保險、給薪假和退休金提撥。隨著這種勞動模式蓬勃發展，政策制定者面臨著艱巨的挑戰：如何重新定義勞工法以保護弱勢的零工經濟工作者，同時又不扼殺驅動平台經濟的創業精神。

In ecological conservation, identifying keystone species is critical for maximizing the impact of limited resources. A keystone species is one whose presence has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance. For example, the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park triggered a trophic cascade that altered river paths, rejuvenated vegetation, and balanced herbivore populations. Protecting these pivotal species, therefore, serves as an efficient proxy for preserving entire ecosystems. [Q7] What does the example of the Yellowstone wolves illustrate?

中文翻譯

在生態保育中，辨識出關鍵物種（keystone species）對於將有限資源的效益最大化至關重要。關鍵物種是指其存在對環境所產生的影響，與其自身數量相比顯得極不成比例的物種。例如，將狼群重新引進黃石國家公園觸發了營養階層連鎖反應（trophic cascade），進而改變了河流走向、使植被恢復生機，並使草食動物族群達到平衡。因此，保護這些關鍵物種，便能作為保護整個生態系統的一種高效替代途徑。

Traditional agriculture is increasingly constrained by soil degradation and unpredictable weather patterns driven by climate change. Vertical farming offers a compelling alternative by cultivating crops in stacked layers within controlled indoor environments. By utilizing hydroponic systems and specialized LED lighting, these facilities can reduce water consumption by up to ninety-five percent compared to conventional farms. While the initial capital investment is substantial, the year-round yield predictability and minimal environmental footprint make it a viable pillar of future food security. [Q8] What is currently a major drawback of vertical farming mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻譯

傳統農業正日益受到土壤退化，以及氣候變遷引發的異常天氣模式所限制。垂直農業透過在受控的室內環境中以立體疊層方式種植作物，提供了一個極具吸引力的替代方案。藉由利用水耕系統和專用 LED 照明，這些設施與傳統農場相比，可減少高達百分之九十五的用水量。雖然初期資本投入龐大，但其全年穩定的產量與極低的環境足跡，使其成為未來糧食安全的可行支柱。

Ecotourism is often marketed as a win-win scenario: travelers experience pristine natural environments while their spending supports local conservation and communities. However, without stringent regulation, the influx of tourists can inadvertently degrade the very habitats they came to admire. Path erosion, wildlife disturbance, and localized pollution are common consequences of poorly managed ecotourism ventures. Truly sustainable travel requires a shift from passive sightseeing to active, regulated stewardship that prioritizes ecological integrity over commercial gain. [Q9] What is the speaker's attitude toward unregulated ecotourism?

中文翻譯

生態旅遊通常被行銷為一種雙贏的局面：旅客得以體驗原始的自然環境，而他們的消費則能支持當地的保育工作與社區發展。然而，若缺乏嚴格的規範，蜂擁而至的遊客可能會在無意中破壞他們慕名而來的棲地。步道侵蝕、干擾野生動物以及局部污染，都是管理不善的生態旅遊活動中常見的後果。真正永續的旅遊需要從被動的觀光轉變為積極且受規範的維護，並將生態完整性置於商業利益之上。

Imposter syndrome—the persistent inability to believe that one's success is deserved—is surprisingly prevalent among high-achieving professionals. Despite objective evidence of their competence, individuals suffering from this phenomenon attribute their accomplishments to luck, timing, or deceit. In the workplace, this can lead to chronic over-preparation and burnout, as employees strive to avoid being 'exposed.' Forward-thinking managers are addressing this by fostering environments that destigmatize failure and emphasize growth over perfection. [Q10] According to the speaker, how does imposter syndrome affect employees?

中文翻譯

冒名頂替症候群（imposter syndrome）是指持續無法相信自己的成功是實至名歸的現象，這種情況在成就卓越的專業人士中出奇地普遍。儘管有客觀證據證明其能力，但受此現象困擾的人仍會將自己的成就歸因於運氣、時機或欺騙。在職場中，這可能會導致員工因為努力避免被「拆穿」，而產生慢性的過度準備與職業倦怠。具有前瞻思維的主管正致力於營造將失敗去污名化、且強調成長而非完美的環境來解決這個問題。根據講者的說法，冒名頂替症候群會如何影響員工？

For astronomers, the rapid proliferation of low-Earth orbit satellite constellations represents a dual-edged sword. While these satellites promise to deliver high-speed internet to remote corners of the globe, their reflective surfaces create bright streaks across astronomical images. This light pollution severely compromises ground-based telescopes, potentially obscuring deep-space objects and hazardous asteroids. Collaborative efforts between aerospace companies and the scientific community are essential to develop darker satellite coatings and minimize orbital interference. [Q11] What problem do low-Earth orbit satellites pose to astronomers?

中文翻譯

對天文學家而言，低地球軌道衛星群的迅速激增是一把雙面刃。雖然這些衛星有望為全球偏遠角落提供高速網際網路，但它們的反射表面會在天文影像中產生明亮條紋。這種光害嚴重影響了地面望遠鏡的觀測，可能遮蔽深空天體和具危害性的小行星。航太公司與科學界必須攜手合作，研發更暗的衛星塗層並減少軌道干擾。[Q11] 低地球軌道衛星給天文學家帶來了什麼問題？

Biophilic design is an innovative approach that seeks to connect building occupants more closely with nature. This is achieved not just by adding potted plants, but by incorporating natural light, organic materials, and spatial configurations that mimic natural landscapes. Studies suggest that environments incorporating biophilic elements can reduce physiological stress, lower blood pressure, and enhance cognitive performance. In an increasingly urbanized world, biophilic design offers a blueprint for creating spaces that support both human well-being and environmental harmony. [Q12] What is a central principle of biophilic design?

中文翻譯

親生物設計（biophilic design）是一種創新的方法，旨在讓建築空間的使用者與大自然建立更緊密的連結。這不僅僅是透過擺放盆栽來實現，更是藉由結合自然光、天然材料以及模擬自然景觀的空間配置。研究指出，融入親生物要素的環境可以減輕生理壓力、降低血壓並提升認知表現。在日益都市化的世界中，親生物設計為創造兼顧人類身心健康與環境和諧的空間提供了藍圖。[問題12] 親生物設計的核心原則是什麼？

Gamification in education involves integrating game-design elements, such as points, leaderboards, and quests, into academic curricula. Proponents argue that this approach significantly enhances student engagement by tapping into intrinsic motivators like curiosity and achievement. However, critics caution against over-reliance on external rewards, which can sometimes overshadow the actual learning material. To be truly effective, gamification must be designed to deepen conceptual understanding, rather than just offering superficial incentives for rote tasks. [Q13] What caution does the speaker raise regarding gamification in learning?

中文翻譯

教育遊戲化是指將遊戲設計元素（例如積分、排行榜和任務）融入學術課程中。支持者認為，這種方法透過激發好奇心和成就感等內在動機，能顯著提升學生的參與度。然而，批評者警告，過度依賴外部獎勵有時可能會掩蓋實際的學習內容。若要真正發揮功效，遊戲化設計必須旨在深化觀念理解，而非僅針對死記硬背的任務提供膚淺的誘因。[第13題] 關於學習遊戲化，講者提出了什麼警告？

Our sleep-wake cycles are governed by our individual biological clocks, or chronotypes, which dictate whether we are naturally early risers or night owls. Society, however, is largely structured around an early-morning schedule, placing night owls at a distinct disadvantage. This misalignment between biological time and social time is known as 'social jetlag.' Over time, chronic social jetlag can lead to cognitive deficits, mood disturbances, and diminished productivity, highlighting the need for more flexible work and school schedules. [Q14] What is 'social jetlag' as described in the passage?

中文翻譯

我們的睡眠-覺醒週期是由個人的生理時鐘（或稱時型）所控制，這決定了我們天生是晨型人還是夜貓子。然而，社會作息大多是圍繞著清晨的時間表來規劃，這讓夜貓子處於明顯的劣勢。這種生物時間與社會作息之間的不一致，就被稱為「社交時差」（social jetlag）。長期下來，慢性的社交時差可能會導致認知功能受損、情緒波動以及生產力下降，這突顯了彈性工作與上學時間的需求。[第14題] 本文中所描述的「社交時差」是什麼？

While physical artifacts from ancient civilizations can survive for millennia, our contemporary digital heritage is surprisingly fragile. Digital storage media degrade rapidly, and software obsolescence means that files created just a few decades ago may already be unreadable. Archivists are engaged in a race against time to develop robust preservation strategies, such as emulation and continuous data migration. Without systematic intervention, we risk leaving a massive 'digital dark age' in our historical record. [Q15] Why is our contemporary digital heritage considered fragile?

中文翻譯

雖然古文明的實體文物可以保存數千年，但我們當代的數位遺產卻出奇地脆弱。數位儲存媒介會迅速劣化，而軟體過時則意味著僅在幾十年前建立的檔案可能已經無法讀取。檔案管理員正與時間賽跑，致力於開發健全的保存策略，例如模擬和持續的資料遷移。若沒有系統性的介入，我們的歷史記錄恐將面臨留下巨大「數位黑暗時代」的風險。[問題15] 為什麼我們當代的數位遺產被認為是脆弱的？

Good morning, class. Today we're exploring urban heat islands and the mitigation strategies implemented by metropolitan planners. While traditional approaches focused solely on planting street trees, modern architectural standards advocate for integrated green infrastructure, specifically extensive green roofs. Unlike intensive green roofs, which require deep soil and support heavy shrubs, extensive systems are lightweight and require minimal maintenance, utilizing drought-resistant sedum species. These installations not only reduce ambient temperatures through evapotranspiration but also mitigate stormwater runoff by absorbing up to seventy percent of rainfall. As cities face unprecedented precipitation events, these systems transition from being mere aesthetic enhancements to critical ecological assets. [Q16] What is the main focus of the lecturer's talk?

中文翻譯

大家早安。今天我們要探討都市熱島效應，以及都市規劃人員所採取的緩解策略。傳統做法僅專注於種植行道樹，而現代建築標準則倡導整合綠色基礎設施，特別是粗放型綠屋頂。與需要深厚土壤並栽種大型灌木的密集型綠屋頂不同，粗放型系統重量輕、維護需求低，且使用耐旱的景天屬植物。這些設施不僅能透過蒸散作用降低周圍溫度，還能吸收高達百分之七十的降雨，以減緩雨水逕流。隨著城市面臨前所未有的極端降雨，這些系統已從單純的視覺美化，轉變為關鍵的生態資產。

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] How do extensive green roofs differ from intensive ones according to the speaker?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）根據講者的說法，粗放型綠屋頂與密集型綠屋頂有何不同？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] What environmental issue is directly addressed by the water retention capability of green roofs?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）[第 18 題] 綠屋頂的保水能力直接解決了哪一個環境問題？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What does the speaker imply about the future role of green roofs?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。） [第 19 題] 關於綠屋頂在未來所扮演的角色，講者暗示了什麼？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What is the speaker's tone throughout the lecture?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）[第 20 題] 講者在整場演講中的語氣為何？

As remote work evolves, organization leaders are discovering that merely replicating office hours in a virtual environment leads to employee burnout. The culprit is often 'hyper-responsiveness'—the expectation to reply to emails and chat messages instantaneously. To combat this, forward-thinking enterprises are adopting asynchronous communication protocols. This paradigm shift encourages employees to document their workflows thoroughly and allow colleagues up to twenty-four hours to respond. Consequently, team members can enjoy prolonged blocks of uninterrupted focus, which drastically improves cognitive performance and job satisfaction. However, transition to this model requires a high degree of trust and clear guidelines on what constitutes a genuine emergency. [Q21] According to the passage, what is a major cause of burnout in virtual work environments?

中文翻譯

隨著遠距工作的演進，組織領導者發現，僅在虛擬環境中複製實體辦公時間會導致員工工作倦怠。其罪魁禍首通常是「過度即時回應」（hyper-responsiveness）——即期望員工能立即回覆電子郵件和即時通訊訊息。為了解決這個問題，具前瞻性的企業正在採用「非同步溝通協定」。這種典範轉移鼓勵員工詳盡記錄工作流程，並允許同事有長達二十四小時的時間進行回覆。因此，團隊成員可以享受長時間不被打擾的專注時間，這大幅提升了認知表現和工作滿意度。然而，轉型至此模式需要高度的信任，以及對於何謂真正的緊急狀況制定明確的準則。[Q21] 根據本文，在虛擬工作環境中，導致工作倦怠的主要原因是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] What is a key feature of asynchronous communication?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用段落。）[第 22 題] 非同步溝通的主要特徵是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What benefit does the speaker associate with uninterrupted focus blocks?

中文翻譯

講者認為「不受干擾的專注時段」會帶來什麼好處？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What does the speaker suggest is necessary for a successful transition to asynchronous communication?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用段落。）

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What is the speaker's attitude toward the traditional virtual work model?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用段落）[第 25 題] 說話者對於傳統虛擬工作模式的態度為何？

In recent years, the culinary world has witnessed a significant resurgence of interest in heirloom crop varieties. Unlike commercial crops, which have been hybridized for uniform appearance, shelf life, and machine-harvestability, heirloom crops are open-pollinated varieties passed down through generations. While they are often less visually perfect and have shorter shelf-lives, they offer unparalleled flavor profiles and genetic diversity. Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for these unique attributes, prompting small-scale farmers to diversify their fields. This shift not only revitalizes local food cultures but also enhances agricultural resilience against pests and changing climate patterns, as a biodiverse field is less susceptible to total crop failure. [Q26] What distinguishes heirloom crops from commercial varieties?

中文翻譯

近年來，美食界見證了人們對傳家寶作物品種的興趣顯著復甦。與為了外觀一致、保存期限和便於機械採收而進行雜交的商業作物不同，傳家寶作物是代代相傳的開放授粉品種。雖然它們的外觀通常不那麼完美，保存期限也較短，但它們提供了無與倫比的風味特徵和遺傳多樣性。消費者越來越願意為這些獨特的特質支付溢價，從而促使小農進行多樣化耕作。這種轉變不僅振興了當地的飲食文化，還增強了農業對抗病蟲害和氣候變遷的韌性，因為生物多樣性豐富的農田較不易遭受作物全面歉收的命運。[Q26] 傳家寶作物與商業品種有何不同？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] Why are consumers willing to pay more for heirloom crops?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用段落。）[第 27 題] 為什麼消費者願意花更多錢購買傳家寶作物？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] What agricultural benefit of biodiversity is mentioned in the passage?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用聽力文本。）

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] What has been the reaction of small-scale farmers to this market trend?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用聽力文本。） [第 29 題] 小農對於這種市場趨勢的反應為何？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What is the speaker's perspective on the heirloom crop trend?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用聽力文本）講者對於傳家寶作物（heirloom crops）趨勢的看法為何？

When preparing for examinations, many students rely on 'cramming'—massing study sessions into a single night. However, cognitive psychology consistently demonstrates the superiority of the 'spacing effect,' which involves distributing study sessions over days or weeks. Repetitive exposure with time intervals allows the brain to consolidate information into long-term memory. Neuroscientists suggest that when we revisit material after a delay, our brains must actively reconstruct the neural pathways associated with that knowledge, reinforcing the memory trace. Although cramming may yield acceptable results for immediate, short-term recall, it fails to produce durable learning. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to design curricula that naturally incorporate spaced retrieval practice. [Q31] What is the primary focus of the discussion?

中文翻譯

準備考試時，許多學生習慣「臨時抱佛腳」（cramming），將所有複習進度壓縮在考前最後一晚。然而，認知心理學的研究一致指出「間隔效應」（spacing effect）的效果更好，也就是將學習分散在幾天或幾週內進行。透過有時間間隔的重複接觸，大腦能將資訊鞏固為長期記憶。神經科學家表示，當我們在一段時間後重新複習教材時，大腦必須主動重建與該知識相關的神經通路，從而強化記憶痕跡。雖然臨時抱佛腳可能在應付即時、短期的回憶時效果尚可，但無法帶來持久的學習成效。因此，學校等教育機構應在課程設計中自然融入間隔檢索練習。

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] According to the speaker, how does the spacing effect benefit memory?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力段落。）

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] Why does reconstructing neural pathways after a delay help learning?

中文翻譯

為什麼在間隔一段時間後重建神經路徑有助於學習？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] What is a limitation of cramming mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力文本）

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] What recommendation does the speaker make to schools?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力文本。）

The global surge in ecotourism has prompted many travel agencies to market their tours as 'environmentally friendly.' To help consumers distinguish genuine conservation efforts from mere greenwashing, independent certification bodies have established rigorous standards. These eco-labels evaluate tourism operations based on waste management, energy efficiency, and their contribution to local communities. A certified operator must demonstrate that their activities do not disrupt local wildlife habitats and that a portion of their revenue directly funds regional conservation. By choosing certified tours, travelers can ensure their vacations support sustainable development. However, the proliferation of different eco-labels remains a challenge, as travelers must research which certifications are truly credible. [Q36] What problem does the rise of independent ecotourism certification address?

中文翻譯

全球生態旅遊的蓬勃發展，促使許多旅行社紛紛將其行程宣傳為「環保」。為了幫助消費者區分真正的保育努力與單純的「漂綠」行為，獨立認證機構制定了嚴格的標準。這些生態標章依據廢棄物管理、能源效率以及對當地社區的貢獻，來評估旅遊業者的營運狀況。獲得認證的業者必須證明其活動不會破壞當地的野生動物棲息地，且其部分收入會直接資助地方的保育工作。透過選擇經認證的行程，旅客可以確保自己的假期能支持永續發展。然而，各式各樣生態標章的充斥仍是一項挑戰，因為旅客必須親自研究哪些認證才是真正具有公信力的。

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Which of the following is a criterion used by certification bodies to evaluate operators?

中文翻譯

[Q37] 下列何者是認證機構評估業者時所使用的標準？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] According to the passage, how do certified operators support local habitats?

中文翻譯

根據本文，經認證的業者是如何協助維護當地棲息地的？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What current challenge facing travelers is mentioned in the passage?

中文翻譯

（與第 36 題共用聽力文本。）[第 39 題] 本段音檔中提到了旅客目前面臨的哪項挑戰？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the speaker's main purpose in this talk?

中文翻譯

（與第 36 題共用聽力本文）[Q40] 講者這場談話的主要目的是什麼？