全民英檢 聽力模擬試題 · 40 題

全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 1

依全民英檢公開題型原創的聽力模擬試題，從小學英檢到高級，五個級數都有。

本卷是 Loopy 依公開題型原創的模擬試題，不是 財團法人語言訓練測驗中心（LTTC） 的官方試題。

整卷音檔

第一部分：短篇對話及談話

  1. 第 1 題

    • ATo evaluate employees based on results rather than online presence.
    • BTo increase the frequency of virtual check-ins with staff.
    • CTo implement stricter monitoring software to track idle time.
    • DTo encourage employees to work from physical offices more often.
    看逐字稿

    While the initial transition to fully remote operations was heralded as a triumph of modern digital infrastructure, recent data suggests a creeping counter-trend. Employees frequently report a phenomenon known as 'presence anxiety'—the perceived necessity to remain constantly visible on internal messaging platforms. This digital performativity often replaces genuine productivity, leading to cognitive exhaustion. Management must therefore shift its metrics from active hours logged to concrete project outcomes, thereby fostering a culture of trust rather than surveillance. [Q1] What is the speaker’s primary recommendation for management?

    中文翻譯

    雖然最初向完全遠距辦公的轉型被譽為現代數位基礎建設的勝利，但近期的數據卻顯示出一股悄然升起的反向趨勢。員工經常反映一種被稱為「在線焦慮」（presence anxiety）的現象，也就是認為自己有必要在內部通訊平台上隨時保持在線狀態。這種數位化的表面表演往往取代了真正的生產力，進而導致認知耗竭。因此，管理階層必須將評估指標從記錄的活躍時數轉向具體的專案成果，從而培養一種信任而非監控的文化。 問題：講者對管理階層的主要建議是什麼？

  1. 第 2 題

    • ABy restricting energy consumption during peak demand hours.
    • BBy storing unlimited amounts of solar energy in residential batteries.
    • CBy using real-time data to dynamically adjust energy distribution.
    • DBy relying solely on traditional fossil fuels when solar power fails.
    看逐字稿

    The integration of decentralized energy resources, such as residential solar panels, has necessitated a paradigm shift in grid management. Traditional grids, designed for one-way power flow from centralized plants, struggle with the intermittent nature of renewable energy. Smart grids address this by utilizing real-time data analytics to dynamically balance supply and demand. By anticipating surges and redistributing excess power instantaneously, these systems prevent localized overloads while maximizing the utility of clean energy. [Q2] According to the speaker, how do smart grids solve the main limitation of traditional power grids?

    中文翻譯

    整合分散式能源（例如家用太陽能板）已使電網管理必須進行典範轉移。傳統電網旨在進行來自集中式發電廠的單向電力傳輸，難以應對再生能源的間歇性特質。智慧電網則藉由利用即時數據分析來動態平衡供需，進而解決了這個問題。藉由預測突發的電力尖峰並即時重新分配多餘電力，這些系統能防止局部超載，同時將乾淨能源的效益最大化。

  1. 第 3 題

    • ALearning is most effective when students encounter no cognitive obstacles.
    • BImmediate performance on tests is the best indicator of long-term learning.
    • CCramming before exams is superior to spaced-out study sessions.
    • DHarder retrieval processes during learning lead to better long-term memory.
    看逐字稿

    In pedagogical theory, the concept of 'desirable difficulties' suggests that introducing short-term obstacles during the learning process actually enhances long-term retention. For instance, testing students before they are taught the material, or spacing out study sessions rather than cramming, forces the brain to work harder to retrieve information. Although this approach may initially result in lower performance scores and higher student frustration, the cognitive pathways forged during these struggles are significantly more resilient over time. [Q3] What is the main implication of the 'desirable difficulties' concept?

    中文翻譯

    在教學理論中，「合意的困難」（desirable difficulties）這一概念指出，在學習過程中引入短期障礙，實際上能提高長期的記憶留存效果。例如，在教授教材前先對學生進行測試，或是將學習時間分散而非臨時抱佛腳，都會迫使大腦更費力地提取資訊。雖然這種方法最初可能會導致測驗分數較低且學生的挫折感較高，但在這些掙扎過程中建立的認知路徑，隨著時間推移會變得明顯更加穩固。[Q3] 「合意的困難」概念的主要啟示是什麼？

  1. 第 4 題

    • ATo celebrate the successful completion of a major corporate project.
    • BTo identify potential flaws in a project plan by imagining its failure beforehand.
    • CTo assign blame to specific team members before a strategy is executed.
    • DTo encourage employees to maintain an optimistic outlook under pressure.
    看逐字稿

    When executives evaluate potential market expansions, they often fall prey to the planning fallacy, consistently underestimating costs and timeline durations while overestimating project benefits. This bias is exacerbated by a corporate culture that equates confidence with competence. To counteract this, organizations should implement a 'pre-mortem' exercise. Before a project launches, team members are asked to assume the project has failed spectacularly and then work backward to identify the plausible causes of this hypothetical disaster. [Q4] What is the purpose of the 'pre-mortem' exercise mentioned in the talk?

    中文翻譯

    當高階主管評估潛在的市場擴張時，他們經常落入「規劃謬誤」的陷阱，總是低估成本與時程，同時又高估專案帶來的效益。企業文化若將「自信」與「能力」劃上等號，往往會加劇這種偏見。為了應對這個問題，企業應實施「事前剖析（pre-mortem）」演練。在專案啟動之前，團隊成員會被要求假設該專案已慘遭失敗，並倒推找出導致這場假設性災難的可能原因。

  1. 第 5 題

    • AEnthusiastic, because they have completely eliminated the need for new synthetic fibers.
    • BSkeptical, because technological limits prevent them from being fully sustainable.
    • CIndifferent, as fashion has a minimal impact on global carbon emissions.
    • DOptimistic, since the energy required for recycling has dropped to near zero.
    看逐字稿

    The global apparel industry has faced intense scrutiny for its environmental footprint, leading many brands to champion 'circular fashion' initiatives. These programs promise to recycle old garments into new textile fibers, theoretically creating a closed-loop system. However, critics point out that current recycling technologies are highly energy-intensive and often degrade fiber quality, meaning most recycled garments still require a high percentage of virgin synthetic materials. Until material science advances, reducing overall consumption remains the only truly sustainable path. [Q5] What is the speaker’s attitude toward current 'circular fashion' initiatives?

    中文翻譯

    全球服飾業因其環境足跡而面臨嚴格審視，這促使許多品牌開始提倡「循環時尚」計畫。這些計畫承諾將舊衣回收再製成新的紡織纖維，在理論上建構出一個閉合迴路系統。然而，批評人士指出，現行的回收技術不僅耗能極高，且往往會降低纖維品質，這意味著大多數回收衣物仍需要高比例的原生合成材料。在材料科學取得突破之前，減少整體消費仍是唯一真正永續的途徑。[Q5] 講者對於目前的「循環時尚」計畫抱持什麼態度？

  1. 第 6 題

    • AIt generates high local revenue but fails to attract international travelers.
    • BIt encourages wildlife preservation while promoting hunting activities.
    • CIt uses advanced technologies that local communities cannot maintain.
    • DIt claims to protect the environment but can cause significant ecological disruption.
    看逐字稿

    While ecotourism is marketed as an environmentally conscious alternative to mass tourism, its growth often introduces unintended ecological pressures to fragile ecosystems. The construction of eco-lodges, even when built with local materials, inevitably disrupts wildlife corridors and increases resource consumption in remote areas. Furthermore, the carbon footprint associated with tourists flying long distances to reach these pristine destinations often offsets the local conservation benefits. Thus, true ecological responsibility might require tourists to seek low-impact, local travel alternatives instead. [Q6] What paradox of ecotourism does the speaker highlight?

    中文翻譯

    雖然生態旅遊被行銷為一種具備環保意識、有別於大眾旅遊的選擇，但其發展往往會給脆弱的生態系統帶來意想不到的生態壓力。即使使用當地材料建造生態客棧，也無可避免地會干擾野生動物通道，並增加偏遠地區的資源消耗。此外，旅客為了前往這些原始秘境而長途飛行所產生的碳足跡，往往會抵消當地的保育效益。因此，真正的生態責任可能反而需要旅客尋找低影響的在地旅遊替代方案。[第六題] 講者強調了生態旅遊的哪一個矛盾之處？

  1. 第 7 題

    • ABecause high-context communicators refuse to use technology for communication.
    • BBecause low-context communicators rely too much on non-verbal cues.
    • CBecause they have different expectations regarding how explicit verbal messages should be.
    • DBecause high-context cultures do not value interpersonal relationships.
    看逐字稿

    In intercultural communication, a distinction is often made between high-context and low-context cultures. In high-context cultures, such as Japan or collective societies, communication relies heavily on shared background, non-verbal cues, and the relationship between speakers, meaning much of the message is left unsaid. Conversely, low-context cultures, like the United States or Germany, prioritize explicit, highly detailed verbal instruction to avoid ambiguity. Misunderstandings frequently arise when members of these differing cultures misinterpret the level of detail required in a standard transaction. [Q7] According to the passage, why do misunderstandings occur between high-context and low-context communicators?

    中文翻譯

    在跨文化溝通中，通常會區分「高情境」（high-context）與「低情境」（low-context）文化。在高情境文化中（例如日本或集體主義社會），溝通高度依賴共同的背景、非言語暗示以及說話者之間的關係，這意味著許多訊息是不言而喻的。相反地，低情境文化（例如美國或德國）則優先考慮明確且高度詳細的言語說明，以避免產生歧義。當這兩種不同文化背景的成員誤判了標準交易中所需的詳細程度時，就經常會產生誤會。

  1. 第 8 題

    • AIt consumes far more water than traditional open-field farming.
    • BThe high electricity demand of indoor climates can offset its environmental benefits.
    • CIt is highly vulnerable to adverse outdoor weather conditions.
    • DThe crops produced are less nutritious than those grown in soil.
    看逐字稿

    Vertical farming, which involves cultivating crops in stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, offers a promising solution to urban food insecurity. By utilizing hydroponic systems and LED lighting, these facilities can produce high yields year-round, completely independent of weather conditions, while using up to ninety percent less water than conventional agriculture. However, critics argue that the substantial electricity required to power these artificial climates significantly diminishes their environmental credentials, especially in regions still reliant on fossil-fuel grids. [Q8] What is a major criticism of vertical farming mentioned in the passage?

    中文翻譯

    「垂直農業」是指在受控的室內環境中將作物種植在層層堆疊的架子上，這為解決都市糧食安全問題提供了一個前景看好的解決方案。透過利用水耕系統和 LED 照明，這些設施能夠全年無休地生產高產量作物，完全不受氣候條件影響，同時比傳統農業減少高達百分之九十的水資源使用量。然而，批評者指出，維持這些人工氣候所需的大量電力顯著削弱了其環保優勢，特別是在那些仍依賴化石燃料電網的地區。

  1. 第 9 題

    • AA lack of funding for modern laboratory equipment.
    • BThe preference of journals for publishing only novel, statistically significant results.
    • CThe refusal of psychology students to participate in academic research.
    • DA general decline in the public's interest in social science topics.
    看逐字稿

    The replication crisis has cast a long shadow over the social sciences, particularly psychology, where researchers have struggled to reproduce the results of several classic studies. This systemic issue is partly driven by the 'file drawer problem,' a bias where academic journals overwhelmingly publish novel, statistically significant findings while ignoring studies that yield null results. Consequently, researchers are incentivized to engage in questionable practices like 'p-hacking'—manipulating data analysis until a significant pattern emerges—which ultimately compromises the integrity of scientific literature. [Q9] What does the speaker identify as a root cause of the replication crisis?

    中文翻譯

    可重複性危機（replication crisis）為社會科學蒙上了一層陰影，特別是心理學領域，研究人員一直難以重現幾項經典研究的結果。這一系統性問題的部分起因在於「檔案櫃問題」（file drawer problem），這是一種學術偏見，指學術期刊壓倒性地傾向發表具新穎性且在統計上顯著的研究發現，卻忽略了得出無效結果（null results）的研究。因此，研究人員受到利益驅使，轉而採用如「p值操弄」（p-hacking）等有爭議的作法——意即不斷操弄數據分析直到出現顯著的模式——這最終損害了科學文獻的公信力。

  1. 第 10 題

    • AResolving a service failure is always more expensive than preventing one.
    • BCustomers prefer companies that never make mistakes over those that resolve them.
    • CCustomers are happier after a resolved service failure than if no failure had occurred.
    • DIntentional service failures are the most effective way to build long-term loyalty.
    看逐字稿

    In marketing theory, the 'service recovery paradox' describes a situation where a customer's post-failure satisfaction actually exceeds their pre-failure satisfaction, provided the company resolves the initial issue exceptionally well. When a service provider goes above and beyond to rectify a mistake, it demonstrates empathy and competence, forging a stronger emotional bond with the customer than a flawless, unremarkable transaction would have. However, businesses should not intentionally engineer service failures, as the risk of failing the recovery phase is immensely high and financially damaging. [Q10] Which of the following best describes the 'service recovery paradox'?

    中文翻譯

    在行銷理論中，「服務補救悖論」描述了一種情況：只要企業能極其出色地解決最初的問題，顧客在服務出錯後的滿意度，實際上會高於出錯前的滿意度。當服務提供者加倍努力來糾正錯誤時，這展現了同理心與能力，進而與顧客建立起比一場完美但平淡無奇的交易更強大的情感連結。然而，企業不應刻意製造服務疏失，因為補救階段失敗的風險極高，且會造成重大的財務損失。

  1. 第 11 題

    • AThe sudden drop in global satellite communications due to solar flares.
    • BA chain reaction of space collisions making certain orbits permanently unusable.
    • CThe high cost of launching new satellites into deep space.
    • DThe risk of space debris falling safely into the Earth's oceans.
    看逐字稿

    Low Earth orbit is becoming increasingly cluttered with space debris, ranging from defunct satellites to tiny paint flecks traveling at hypervelocities. Even a millimeter-sized particle can inflict catastrophic damage on active spacecraft due to the immense kinetic energy involved in orbital collisions. This has raised concerns about the Kessler syndrome—a theoretical scenario where a single collision triggers a cascade of subsequent impacts, rendering certain orbits entirely unusable for generations. Mitigating this risk requires international cooperation to implement active debris removal technologies. [Q11] What is the primary concern associated with the 'Kessler syndrome'?

    中文翻譯

    近地軌道正變得越來越擁擠，充斥著從廢棄衛星到超高速運行的微小漆片等各種太空碎片。由於軌道碰撞涉及的巨大動能，即使是毫米大小的微粒也會對運作中的太空船造成毀滅性的破壞。這引發了人們對「凱斯勒現象」（Kessler syndrome）的擔憂——這是一種理論上的情境，即單次碰撞會引發連鎖反應，導致後續的一連串撞擊，使特定軌道在數代之內完全無法使用。減輕這種風險需要國際合作，以實施主動清除太空碎片的技術。

  1. 第 12 題

    • ABecause constant digital distractions and meetings fragment employees' attention.
    • BBecause employees lack the academic training required for complex tasks.
    • CBecause companies do not offer financial incentives for high-value output.
    • DBecause remote work has eliminated the need for collaborative projects.
    看逐字稿

    In today's hyper-connected corporate environment, the capacity for 'deep work'—intense, distraction-free cognitive focus—is becoming increasingly rare yet highly valuable. Most professionals spend their workdays in a state of fragmented attention, constantly responding to emails and attending superficial meetings. This shallow work might keep the wheels turning, but it rarely produces breakthrough innovations or high-value intellectual output. To cultivate deep work, individuals must ruthlessly schedule blocks of uninterrupted time and train their brains to resist the immediate gratification of digital distractions. [Q12] According to the speaker, why is 'deep work' difficult to achieve in modern workplaces?

    中文翻譯

    在現今高度連結的企業環境中，「深度工作」（deep work）的能力——也就是高度專注、免受干擾的認知聚焦——變得越來越罕見，但同時也極具價值。大多數專業人士在工作時，注意力往往處於碎片化的狀態，不斷忙於回覆電子郵件和參加流於形式的會議。這種淺層工作或許能維持公司基本運作，但鮮少能帶來突破性的創新或高價值的智慧產出。為了培養「深度工作」的能力，個人必須嚴格規劃出不被打擾的完整時間，並訓練大腦去抵抗數位干擾所帶來的即時滿足感。根據講者的說法，為什麼在現代職場中很難實現「深度工作」？

  1. 第 13 題

    • AIt relies solely on importing exotic plant species from tropical regions.
    • BIt focuses on temporary plant installations during public festivals.
    • CIt integrates ecological systems directly into the structural design of buildings.
    • DIt prioritizes aesthetic appeal over functional environmental benefits.
    看逐字稿

    Biophilic urbanism is an architectural movement that seeks to systematically integrate nature into the built environment. Rather than merely adding decorative potted plants to office lobbies, this approach embeds ecological systems directly into building designs—such as living green walls that naturally filter indoor air, and green roofs that mitigate the urban heat island effect. Research indicates that exposure to these natural elements significantly reduces cortisol levels in residents and improves workplace productivity, demonstrating that urban density does not have to come at the expense of human well-being. [Q13] What distinguishes biophilic design from traditional urban greening, according to the speaker?

    中文翻譯

    親生物都市主義（Biophilic urbanism）是一種建築運動，旨在系統性地將大自然融入人造環境中。這種方法並非僅僅在辦公大樓大廳擺放裝飾性盆栽，而是將生態系統直接嵌入建築設計中——例如能自然過濾室內空氣的植生綠牆，以及能緩解都市熱島效應的綠屋頂。研究指出，接觸這些自然元素能顯著降低居民的皮質醇（壓力荷爾蒙）水平並提升工作生產力，這證明了高密度的都市發展並不一定要以犧牲人類的福祉為代價。

  1. 第 14 題

    • AAn immediate increase in consumer confidence and brand loyalty.
    • BDecision fatigue and a higher likelihood of regretting the chosen option.
    • CA complete refusal of consumers to ever purchase products again.
    • DAn enhanced ability to memorize product specifications.
    看逐字稿

    While classic economic theory posits that an abundance of choices maximizes consumer freedom and satisfaction, modern behavioral psychology suggests otherwise. When faced with an overwhelming array of options—whether selecting a retirement plan or a jar of jam—consumers often experience 'choice paralysis.' The cognitive load of comparing so many variables leads to decision fatigue, and if a choice is eventually made, the consumer is more likely to experience post-purchase regret, wondering if one of the unchosen alternatives would have been superior. [Q14] What is a psychological consequence of 'choice overload' as described by the speaker?

    中文翻譯

    雖然古典經濟學理論認為，豐富的選擇能使消費者的自由和滿意度達到最大化，但現代行為心理學卻有不同的看法。當面對排山倒海的選項時——不論是選擇退休計畫還是一罐果醬——消費者往往會經歷「選擇癱瘓」。比較這麼多變數所帶來的認知負荷會導致「決策疲勞」，而就算最後做出了選擇，消費者也更容易產生「購買後悔」，懷疑未選擇的其他方案是否會更好。

  1. 第 15 題

    • AIt requires expensive hardware that most schools cannot afford.
    • BIt slows down the curriculum by focusing too much on game design.
    • CIt can weaken a student's natural, internal motivation to learn.
    • DIt encourages students to compete violently against their classmates.
    看逐字稿

    The integration of gamification into educational software—such as awarding badges, points, and leaderboard standings—is often praised for boosting student engagement. By leveraging basic human desires for status and achievement, these platforms can motivate students to complete repetitive tasks. However, educational psychologists warn that relying heavily on these extrinsic motivators can undermine a student’s intrinsic curiosity. Once the external rewards are removed, students often show a sharp decline in their willingness to learn, suggesting that gamification may offer only a superficial, short-term fix. [Q15] What potential drawback of educational gamification does the speaker highlight?

    中文翻譯

    將遊戲化元素（例如發放徽章、積分和排行榜名次）融入教學軟體中，通常因能提升學生的參與度而受到讚譽。藉由利用人類對地位和成就感的基本渴望，這些平台可以激勵學生完成重複性的任務。然而，教育心理學家警告，過度依賴這些外在激勵因素可能會削弱學生內在的好奇心。一旦移除外部獎勵，學生的學習意願通常會急劇下降，這表明遊戲化可能只是一種表面且短期的解決方案。［第15題］講者強調了教育遊戲化可能帶來的哪一個潛在缺點？

第二部分：長篇對話及談話

  1. 第 16 題

    • AThe psychological benefits of constant digital connectivity in modern offices.
    • BThe unintended negative impact of collaborative tools on deep work and a potential remedy.
    • CHow to design more engaging notification systems for remote employees.
    • DThe absolute failure of digital workspaces to improve overall corporate communication.
    看逐字稿

    While the proliferation of collaborative digital workspaces was initially heralded as the ultimate solution to corporate silos, recent ethnographic studies suggest a more nuanced reality. Instead of fostering seamless cross-departmental synergy, these platforms often inundate employees with an unrelenting stream of low-priority notifications, leading to what psychologists term 'collaborative overload.' Employees find themselves perpetually reacting to urgent but ultimately trivial pings, which severely fragments the deep, uninterrupted focus required for complex cognitive tasks. Consequently, forward-thinking organizations are now implementing 'quiet hours'—designated blocks of time during which all internal messaging platforms must be muted, thereby reclaiming space for deliberate, high-value intellectual work. [Q16] What is the main idea of the talk?

    中文翻譯

    雖然協作數位工作空間的普及最初被譽為解決企業部門壁壘的終極方案，但近期的民族誌研究指出了一個更為複雜微妙的現實。這些平台非但沒有促進無縫的跨部門協同效應，反而常常讓員工淹沒在源源不斷、低優先級的通知中，導致心理學家所說的「協作超載」（collaborative overload）。員工發現自己一直在應對緊急但實際上微不足道的即時訊息，這嚴重碎片化了進行複雜認知任務所需的深度且不被打擾的專注力。因此，具有前瞻性思維的企業現在開始實施「靜音時間」（quiet hours）——即指定一段時間，期間所有內部通訊平台都必須靜音，藉此為深思熟慮且高價值的知識性工作重新奪回空間。

  1. 第 17 題

    • AHaving to manage too many physical projects simultaneously without supervision.
    • BThe stress of attending back-to-back physical meetings every day.
    • CBeing overwhelmed by constant, low-priority digital communication.
    • DThe failure of team members to contribute equally to group assignments.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] What does the term 'collaborative overload' refer to in the context of the passage?

    中文翻譯

    (與第 16 題共用文章。) [第 17 題] 根據本文文意，「collaborative overload」一詞指的是什麼？

  1. 第 18 題

    • AIt prevents employees from completing complex cognitive tasks efficiently.
    • BIt encourages employees to seek employment elsewhere.
    • CIt reduces the overall number of emails sent within an organization.
    • DIt forces companies to hire more administrative support staff.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] According to the speaker, what is the consequence of fragmented focus?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 16 題共用段落。）[Q18] 根據講者的說法，注意力碎片化的後果是什麼？

  1. 第 19 題

    • ATo reduce the cost of maintaining expensive server infrastructure.
    • BTo encourage more face-to-face meetings among staff members.
    • CTo evaluate which employees are most active when unsupervised.
    • DTo allow employees periods of undisturbed time for deep intellectual work.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] Why are some organizations introducing 'quiet hours'?

    中文翻譯

    (與第 16 題共用段落。) [第 19 題] 為什麼有些組織要引入「無干擾時間」（quiet hours）？

  1. 第 20 題

    • AUnreservedly enthusiastic about their future developments.
    • BCompletely dismissive of their initial design intentions.
    • CAnalytical, recognizing both their initial promise and their practical drawbacks.
    • DIndifferent, as she believes physical offices will soon make them obsolete.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What is the speaker's attitude toward collaborative digital workspaces?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 16 題共用聽力文本。）【第 20 題】講者對於數位協作工作空間的態度為何？

  1. 第 21 題

    • AStrategies for mitigating the urban heat island effect through design.
    • BThe economic benefits of transition to solar energy in rural areas.
    • CThe historical development of concrete and asphalt in city building.
    • DMethods for measuring temperature differences between cities.
    看逐字稿

    Urban microclimates are increasingly becoming a focal point for sustainable city planning. The phenomenon known as the 'urban heat island' effect—where metropolitan areas experience significantly warmer temperatures than their rural surroundings—is exacerbated by the abundance of heat-retaining concrete and asphalt. To mitigate this, environmental engineers are advocating for the widespread integration of 'cool roofs' and urban forestry. Cool roofs, coated with highly reflective materials, bounce solar radiation back into space rather than absorbing it. When combined with strategic tree planting, which provides both shade and cooling through evapotranspiration, these interventions can lower local ambient temperatures by several degrees, substantially reducing the energy demands of air conditioning and improving overall urban livability. [Q21] What is the primary focus of the report?

    中文翻譯

    都市微氣候正日益成為永續都市規劃的焦點。所謂的「都市熱島」效應——即大都市地區的氣溫明顯高於周邊郊區的現象——因大量易蓄熱的混凝土和瀝青而更加劇。為了緩解此現象，環境工程師正提倡廣泛結合「涼爽屋頂」與都市林業。塗有高反射材料的涼爽屋頂能將太陽輻射反射回太空，而非將其吸收。當這些措施與策略性植樹（透過蒸散作用提供遮蔭與降溫）結合時，可以將當地環境溫度降低數度，從而大幅減少空調的能源需求，並提升整體的都市宜居性。

  1. 第 22 題

    • ABy storing rainwater to cool the building naturally.
    • BBy reflecting solar radiation away from the building's surface.
    • CBy generating electricity to power local air conditioning units.
    • DBy absorbing heat during the day and releasing it slowly at night.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] How do 'cool roofs' function to reduce urban temperatures?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 21 題共用題組）[Q22] 「涼爽屋頂」（cool roofs）是如何運作以降低都市溫度的？

  1. 第 23 題

    • AIt offers raw materials for sustainable building construction.
    • BIt primarily serves as a barrier against strong wind currents.
    • CIt cools the air through shade and the process of evapotranspiration.
    • DIt increases biodiversity by attracting rural wildlife into cities.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What role does urban forestry play according to the passage?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 21 題共用段落。）[第 23 題] 根據本文內容，都市林業扮演了什麼角色？

  1. 第 24 題

    • ADecreased reliance on public transportation systems.
    • BAn increase in the value of urban commercial real estate.
    • CA reduction in the overall amount of rainfall in metropolitan areas.
    • DA significant reduction in energy consumption from air conditioning.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What is mentioned as a direct benefit of lowering local ambient temperatures?

    中文翻譯

    (與第 21 題共用段落。) [第 24 題] 降低當地周遭環境溫度被提及的直接好處是什麼？

  1. 第 25 題

    • AIt should prioritize expanding city borders into rural areas.
    • BIt will likely abandon concrete and asphalt entirely in favor of wood.
    • CIt must incorporate ecological considerations into architectural standards.
    • DIt should focus solely on reducing the cost of building materials.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What can be inferred about the speaker's view on future urban development?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 21 題共用文章。）[Q25] 關於講者對未來都市發展的看法，可以推論出什麼？

  1. 第 26 題

    • AA consumer shift toward simpler, natural ingredients in food products.
    • BA growing preference for highly processed foods due to convenience.
    • CA decrease in the overall consumption of packaged foods globally.
    • DAn increase in the regulatory standards for international food shipping.
    看逐字稿

    The rise of clean-label foods reflects a profound shift in consumer psychology, where simplicity is equated with healthfulness. Today's shoppers are increasingly scrutinizing ingredient lists, actively avoiding synthetic additives, preservatives, and multi-syllabic chemical names they do not recognize. This demand has compelled food manufacturers to reformulate legacy products, replacing artificial stabilizers with natural alternatives like starch or pectin. However, food scientists warn that this transition is far from straightforward. Synthetic additives often serve critical safety functions, such as preventing pathogens or maintaining shelf-life stability. Removing them without thoroughly validated natural substitutes can compromise food safety, highlighting a delicate tension between consumer perception and microbiological reality. [Q26] What trend is described in the opening of the passage?

    中文翻譯

    「潔淨標示」（clean-label）食品的興起，反映出消費者心理的深刻轉變，即人們將「成分簡單」與「健康」畫上等號。當今的購買者越來越仔細地審視成分表，主動避開合成添加物、防腐劑以及他們不認識的多音節化學名稱。這種需求迫使食品製造商重新調整傳統產品的配方，用澱粉或果膠等天然替代品取代人工穩定劑。然而，食品科學家警告，這種轉變絕非易事。合成添加物通常具有關鍵的安全功能，例如抑制病原體或維持保存期限的穩定性。在沒有經過充分驗證的天然替代品的情況下直接去除這些添加物，可能會危害食品安全，這凸顯了消費者認知與微生物學現實之間的微妙衝突。

  1. 第 27 題

    • ATo reduce production costs by using cheaper ingredients.
    • BTo comply with new international bans on all synthetic chemical use.
    • CTo meet the consumer demand for recognizable, natural ingredients.
    • DTo extend the shelf life of products shipped to remote areas.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] Why are food manufacturers reformulating their legacy products?

    中文翻譯

    為什麼食品製造商正在重新調整其經典產品的配方？

  1. 第 28 題

    • AA severe drop in the nutritional value of the food.
    • BCompromised food safety due to shorter shelf life or pathogen growth.
    • CAn increase in the artificial sweet taste of the final product.
    • DAn inability to package the food products in recyclable materials.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] According to food scientists, what is a potential risk of removing synthetic additives?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 26 題共用文章。）［第 28 題］根據食品科學家的說法，移除合成添加物的潛在風險是什麼？

  1. 第 29 題

    • AThe dispute between food manufacturers and environmental activists.
    • BThe difficulty of balancing sweet and savory flavors in clean-label products.
    • CThe competition between domestic and imported food preservation technologies.
    • DThe gap between what consumers perceive as healthy and what is scientifically safe.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] What does the 'delicate tension' mentioned at the end of the passage refer to?

    中文翻譯

    （第 29 題）本文結尾提到的 'delicate tension' 是指什麼？

  1. 第 30 題

    • AObjective, presenting both the consumer driver and the scientific challenges.
    • BDismissive, treating the movement as a passing and foolish marketing fad.
    • CAlarmist, warning consumers to avoid all reformulated products immediately.
    • DCelebratory, praising food manufacturers for prioritizing health over profits.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What is the speaker's tone in discussing clean-label foods?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 26 題共用聽力文本）[第 30 題] 講者在討論潔淨標章食品時的語氣為何？

  1. 第 31 題

    • AStudents should avoid difficult subjects to maintain high motivation.
    • BTraditional studying methods are superior for long-term memory retrieval.
    • CIntroducing deliberate challenges into learning enhances long-term retention.
    • DHighlighting text is the most effective way to prepare for examinations.
    看逐字稿

    In educational theory, the concept of 'desirable difficulties' suggests that making the learning process more challenging can actually lead to better long-term retention. Traditional study methods, such as re-reading textbook chapters or highlighting key passages, offer a false sense of fluency; information feels easily accessible in the moment, but quickly fades. Conversely, active retrieval practices—such as self-testing, flashcards, or spacing out study sessions over time—require greater mental effort and can feel frustratingly slow. Yet, cognitive psychologists have consistently demonstrated that this cognitive strain is precisely what strengthens neural pathways, ensuring that knowledge is deeply encoded and can be flexibly retrieved in novel contexts. [Q31] What is the central message of the passage?

    中文翻譯

    在教育理論中，「合意困難」（desirable difficulties）的概念指出，增加學習過程的挑戰性，實際上能帶來更好的長期記憶效果。傳統的學習方法（例如反覆閱讀課本章節或在重點段落畫線）會讓人產生一種已經融會貫通的錯覺；這些資訊在當下雖然看似容易理解，但很快就會忘記。相反地，主動提取的練習（例如自我測試、使用閃卡，或拉長學習時間的間隔）需要耗費更多腦力，且過程可能會慢到令人沮喪。然而，認知心理學家已一再證實，正是這種認知上的吃力感強化了神經通路，進而確保知識被深度編碼，並能在全新的情境中被靈活運用。[第31題] 本段話的主要核心訊息是什麼？

  1. 第 32 題

    • ABecause they require students to write long summaries of the text.
    • BBecause they confuse students by presenting too many details at once.
    • CBecause they make the information seem familiar and easy to access at that moment.
    • DBecause they are only effective when done in group study sessions.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] Why do traditional study methods like highlighting give a 'false sense of fluency'?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 31 題共用段落。）[第 32 題] 為什麼畫重點等傳統學習方法會給人一種「流暢度的假象」？

  1. 第 33 題

    • ARe-reading the same textbook chapter multiple times in one sitting.
    • BPassively listening to recorded lectures while doing other tasks.
    • CCopying notes word-for-word from a classmate's study guide.
    • DTesting oneself on the material using flashcards.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] Which of the following is cited as an example of an 'active retrieval practice'?

    中文翻譯

    (與第 31 題共用段落。) [第 33 題] 下列哪一項被列舉為「主動提取練習」(active retrieval practice) 的例子？

  1. 第 34 題

    • AIt strengthens neural pathways and ensures deep encoding of knowledge.
    • BIt reduces the amount of sleep a student needs before an exam.
    • CIt helps students complete their homework assignments much faster.
    • DIt eliminates academic anxiety by making exams feel easier.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] According to cognitive psychologists, what benefit does 'cognitive strain' provide?

    中文翻譯

    根據認知心理學家的說法，「認知緊繃」（cognitive strain）能帶來什麼好處？

  1. 第 35 題

    • ABy providing students with pre-highlighted textbooks to save them time.
    • BBy giving frequent, low-stakes quizzes rather than relying on passive review.
    • CBy simplifying all exam questions so that students feel successful.
    • DBy lecturing at a faster pace so students have to listen more closely.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] Based on the passage, how might an educator apply the concept of 'desirable difficulties'?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 31 題共用段落。）根據本文，教育工作者可以如何應用「合宜難度」（desirable difficulties）的概念？

  1. 第 36 題

    • AIt is much cheaper and more accessible to budget travelers.
    • BIt focuses on active improvement rather than just minimizing damage.
    • CIt discourages travelers from visiting natural environments entirely.
    • DIt is managed exclusively by international luxury hotel chains.
    看逐字稿

    As global tourism continues to rebound, the concept of 'regenerative travel' is emerging as the successor to sustainable tourism. While sustainable tourism merely aims to minimize damage and leave a destination unchanged, regenerative travel actively seeks to improve the host community and environment. This approach encourages travelers to participate in activities that restore local ecosystems, such as replanting degraded coral reefs, or to support business models that reinvest a direct percentage of profits into local indigenous communities. Proponents argue that by shifting the paradigm from 'do no harm' to 'make it better,' tourism can become a powerful catalyst for ecological restoration and socio-economic equity, rather than an extractive industry. [Q36] How does 'regenerative travel' differ from 'sustainable tourism' according to the passage?

    中文翻譯

    隨著全球觀光業持續復甦，「再生旅遊」（regenerative travel）的概念正逐漸興起，成為永續觀光（sustainable tourism）的接班者。永續觀光的目的僅在於將傷害降到最低，並使目的地保持原狀，而再生旅遊則積極尋求改善當地的社區與環境。這種方式鼓勵旅客參與恢復當地生態系統的活動，例如重新種植受損的珊瑚礁，或是支持將固定比例利潤直接回饋給當地原住民社區的商業模式。支持者認為，透過將觀念從「不造成傷害」轉變為「讓它變得更好」，觀光業能成為生態復育與社會經濟公平的強大催化劑，而非僅是資源榨取型的產業。[Q36] 根據本文，請問「再生旅遊」與「永續觀光」有何不同？

  1. 第 37 題

    • AStaying in a resort that imports all of its food from overseas.
    • BLimiting travel exclusively to highly populated urban areas.
    • CReplanting degraded coral reefs to restore local ecosystems.
    • DHiring local guides without paying them standard wages.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Which activity is mentioned as an example of regenerative travel?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 36 題共用短文）[第 37 題] 哪一項活動被提及作為「再生旅遊」（regenerative travel）的範例？

  1. 第 38 題

    • AIt supports business models that reinvest profits into indigenous communities.
    • BIt guarantees that tourists will receive discounts on future trips.
    • CIt reduces the tax burden on large multinational airlines.
    • DIt encourages local youth to leave their communities for better jobs.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] What is one of the socio-economic benefits of regenerative travel?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 36 題共用文章。）【第 38 題】再生旅遊的社會經濟效益之一是什麼？

  1. 第 39 題

    • AMoving from rural exploration to urban-centered sightseeing.
    • BShifting from government-funded tourism to purely private investments.
    • CTransitioning from slow travel to high-speed transport options.
    • DMoving from passive conservation ('do no harm') to active improvement ('make it better').
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What paradigm shift does the speaker advocate for in tourism?

    中文翻譯

    講者提倡觀光業應進行何種典範轉移？

  1. 第 40 題

    • AIt will inevitably remain an extractive industry due to economic demands.
    • BIt has the potential to be a catalyst for restoration and social equity.
    • CIt should be restricted to prevent further damage to fragile ecosystems.
    • DIt is less important than developing local manufacturing industries.
    看逐字稿

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the speaker's perspective on the role of future tourism?

    中文翻譯

    （與第 36 題共用段落）[第 40 題] 講者對於未來觀光業所扮演的角色有何看法？

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