全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 4

While the integration of asynchronous communication tools has undeniably streamlined cross-border collaborations, it has also introduced subtle cognitive friction. Employees often feel compelled to draft meticulously polished updates to compensate for the lack of real-time cues, paradoxically consuming more time than a brief, spontaneous conversation would. To mitigate this efficiency drain, project leaders should foster an organizational culture that normalizes draft-stage sharing and informal check-ins. This shift not only alleviates the pressure of perfectionism but also restores the agility that asynchronous tools were originally designed to enhance. [Q1] What is the speaker's primary recommendation for project leaders?

中文翻譯

雖然整合非同步溝通工具無疑簡化了跨國合作的流程，但也帶來了隱微的認知摩擦。員工往往覺得有必要撰寫極其完美的更新報告，以彌補缺乏即時互動線索的不足，這反而比簡短、即興的對話消耗更多時間。為了減輕這種效率損耗，專案主管應培養一種將「分享草稿階段成果」和「非正式進度確認」常態化的組織文化。這種轉變不僅能緩解完美主義帶來的壓力，還能恢復非同步工具最初旨在提升的敏捷度。

Urban heat islands have long plagued metropolitan planning, but recent studies suggest that retrofitting roofs with highly reflective materials is only a partial remedy. While cool roofs successfully lower immediate surface temperatures, they do little to disrupt the stagnant air currents that trap pollutants at street level. A more holistic strategy involves designing wind corridors—strategic gaps between high-rise buildings aligned with prevailing seasonal winds. By facilitating natural ventilation throughout the urban canopy, cities can simultaneously mitigate heat retention and improve air quality. [Q2] According to the speaker, why are reflective roofs insufficient on their own?

中文翻譯

都市熱島效應長期以來一直困擾著都市計畫，但近期的研究顯示，在屋頂改裝高反射材料只能治標。雖然涼爽屋頂能成功降低直接的表面溫度，但對於消除將污染物困在街道層的停滯氣流卻幾乎毫無幫助。更全面的策略是設計風道——亦即配合季節盛行風向，在高樓大廈之間規劃策略性間隙。藉由促進整個都市冠層的自然通風，城市便能同時緩解蓄熱並改善空氣品質。

It is a common assumption in retail that offering a vast array of choices empowers consumers and drives sales. However, behavioral economists have identified a phenomenon known as choice overload, where an excessive number of options leads to decision paralysis and post-purchase regret. When presented with too many variables, customers struggle to evaluate the trade-offs, often leading them to abandon the purchase altogether to avoid making a suboptimal decision. Therefore, curated selections that simplify the consumer journey frequently yield higher conversion rates and greater customer satisfaction. [Q3] What does the speaker imply about having too many product options?

中文翻譯

零售業普遍認為，提供琳瑯滿目的選擇能賦予消費者自主權並促進銷量。然而，行為經濟學家發現了一種稱為「選擇超載」的現象，即過多的選項會導致決策癱瘓和購買後悔。當面對太多變數時，顧客很難權衡利弊，這往往會使他們完全放棄購買，以避免做出次佳的決定。因此，簡化消費者購買流程的精選商品，往往能帶來更高的轉換率和顧客滿意度。

In academic writing, the transition from passive to active voice is often championed as a universal cure for dense, unengaging prose. While active verbs undoubtedly inject vitality and clarity into a narrative, the passive voice remains an indispensable tool for maintaining objective distance. By omitting the agent, researchers can focus the reader's attention entirely on the methodology or the phenomenon being observed. The key is not to banish the passive voice entirely, but to employ it selectively when the action's recipient is inherently more significant than the actor. [Q4] What is the speaker's attitude toward the use of the passive voice in academic writing?

中文翻譯

在學術寫作中，將被動語態轉換為主動語態，常被視為解決晦澀、枯燥文章的萬靈丹。雖然主動動詞無疑能為敘述注入活力與清晰度，但被動語態依然是維持客觀距離不可或缺的工具。透過省略行為者，研究人員可以將讀者的注意力完全集中在研究方法或所觀察的現象上。關鍵並非完全摒棄被動語態，而是在動作的接受者本身比執行者更重要時，選擇性地使用它。[Q4] 講者對於在學術寫作中使用被動語態的態度是什麼？

Many novice gardeners assume that yellowing leaves are a definitive sign of underwatering, prompting them to drench their plants further. In reality, yellow leaves can just as easily indicate overwatering, which suffocates the root system and prevents the absorption of essential nutrients. To determine the actual cause, one must examine the texture of the soil and the leaves themselves; overwatered leaves tend to feel limp and mushy, whereas underwatered ones are typically dry and brittle. Adjusting your watering schedule based on tactile feedback rather than visual cues alone is crucial for plant health. [Q5] How can a gardener distinguish between overwatered and underwatered plants?

中文翻譯

許多園藝新手常以為葉子變黃是水分不足的明確徵兆，因而澆更多水。事實上，黃葉也同樣可能代表澆水過度，這會使根系窒息並阻礙植物吸收必要養分。若要判斷真正的原因，必須檢查土壤與葉片本身的質地；水分過多的葉片摸起來往往軟爛無力，而缺水的葉片通常乾燥且脆弱。依據觸覺回饋而非僅憑視覺線索來調整澆水時間，對植物健康至關重要。[Q5] 園丁要如何區分過度澆水和水分不足的植物？ A. 藉由檢查葉片摸起來是軟爛無力還是乾枯脆弱。 B. 藉由觀察黃色在葉片上蔓延的速度。 C. 藉由測量植物在一小時內吸收的水量。 D. 藉由計算從土壤中萌發的新芽數量。

When learning a foreign language, students often focus heavily on vocabulary acquisition and grammatical precision, neglecting the role of prosody—the rhythm, melody, and intonation of speech. Prosody acts as a crucial emotional and structural framework, signaling whether a statement is a question, an exclamation, or a subtle piece of irony. Without mastering these tonal nuances, even grammatically flawless sentences can sound robotic or, worse, convey unintended attitudes. Therefore, integrating ear-training exercises that focus on vocal pitch and rhythm is essential for achieving true communicative competence. [Q6] Why does the speaker emphasize the study of prosody in language learning?

中文翻譯

學習外語時，學生往往過度專注於字彙累積和文法的精準度，而忽略了韻律（prosody）的作用——也就是說話時的節奏、旋律和語調。韻律扮演著關鍵的情感與結構框架，傳達出一個句子是疑問句、感嘆句，還是帶有微妙的諷刺意味。若不掌握這些語調上的細微變化，即使文法完美無瑕的句子聽起來也會像機器人一樣生硬，甚至更糟的是，可能會傳達出非本意的態度。因此，將著重於音高和節奏的聽力訓練融入學習中，對於達到真正的溝通能力至關重要。 [第六題] 為什麼講者強調在語言學習中研究韻律的重要性？

In today's highly specialized job market, the concept of the "T-shaped professional" has gained significant traction. The vertical bar of the "T" represents deep expertise in a single field, while the horizontal bar represents the ability to collaborate across various disciplines. While deep specialization remains vital, it is the breadth of the horizontal bar that fosters innovation, as it allows professionals to translate complex ideas between different departments. Consequently, organizations that prioritize hiring individuals with diverse, albeit less specialized, secondary skills often experience greater agility and creative problem-solving. [Q7] According to the passage, what makes the horizontal bar of a "T-shaped professional" so valuable?

中文翻譯

在當今高度專業化的就業市場中，「T型人才」（T-shaped professional）的概念已受到高度關注。 「T」字的一豎代表在單一領域的深厚專業知識，而一橫則代表跨領域合作的能力。雖然深厚的專業化仍然至關重要，但正是這一橫的寬度促進了創新，因為它讓專業人士能夠在不同部門之間轉譯複雜的想法。因此，優先聘用具備多元（儘管專業度較低）次要技能人才的組織，往往能展現出更強的敏捷度與創造性解決問題的能力。[Q7] 根據本文，是什麼讓「T型人才」的「一橫」顯得如此有價值？

The rise of plant-based meat substitutes has been hailed as a major victory for both environmental sustainability and public health. However, a closer look at the nutritional profiles of these highly processed alternatives reveals a more complicated reality. To mimic the texture and flavor of real meat, manufacturers frequently add significant amounts of sodium and saturated fats, potentially offsetting the cardiovascular benefits of a plant-rich diet. Consumers should therefore view these products as occasional culinary options rather than wholesome replacements for whole, unprocessed vegetables and legumes. [Q8] What is the speaker’s main concern regarding plant-based meat substitutes?

中文翻譯

植物性替代肉的興起，被視為環境永續與公共衛生的重大勝利。然而，仔細檢視這些高度加工替代品的營養成分，會發現實際情況更為複雜。為了模擬真肉的口感與風味，製造商經常添加大量的鈉和飽和脂肪，這可能會抵消富含植物飲食對心血管帶來的益處。因此，消費者應將這些產品視為偶爾食用的料理選擇，而非天然、未加工蔬菜和豆類的健康替代品。[問題] 講者對植物肉替代品的主要擔憂是什麼？

Destination management organizations are increasingly turning away from high-volume tourism promotions in favor of high-yield strategies. High-volume tourism, which focuses purely on visitor numbers, often degrades local infrastructure, strains natural resources, and alienates residents. Conversely, high-yield tourism targets visitors who stay longer and spend more, thereby maximizing economic benefits while minimizing ecological footprints. This paradigm shift requires marketing campaigns that highlight immersive, off-the-beaten-path experiences rather than generic, crowded sightseeing landmarks. [Q9] What is the primary goal of high-yield tourism?

中文翻譯

目的地管理組織正逐漸減少推廣著重遊客數量的大眾旅遊，轉而採用高收益策略。大眾旅遊純粹關注遊客人數，這往往會破壞當地的基礎建設、對自然資源造成負擔，並使當地居民產生排斥感。相反地，高收益旅遊鎖定停留時間更長、消費更多的遊客，從而在最大化經濟效益的同時，將生態足跡降至最低。這種典範轉移需要搭配不同的行銷活動，強調沉浸式且避開人潮的深度體驗，而非流於一般、擁擠的觀光地標。 [第九題] 高收益旅遊的首要目標是什麼？

Detecting liquid water on exoplanets is often considered the holy grail of astrobiology, yet liquid water alone does not guarantee habitability. Scientists must also evaluate the stability of the host star, as intense stellar flares can strip away a planet's atmosphere and expose its surface to lethal radiation. Furthermore, the presence of a strong planetary magnetic field is crucial to shield the atmosphere from these stellar winds. Therefore, finding water is merely the first step in a highly complex assessment of a planet’s long-term capacity to support life. [Q10] Why is finding water on an exoplanet insufficient to prove it can support life?

中文翻譯

在系外行星上偵測到液態水通常被視為天體生物學的聖杯，然而單憑液態水並不能保證其宜居性。科學家還必須評估母恆星的穩定性，因為強烈的恆星閃焰可能會剝離行星的大氣層，使其表面暴露在致命的輻射中。此外，行星必須擁有強大的磁場，才能保護大氣層免受這些恆星風的侵害。因此，發現水只是評估行星長期生命維持能力這一高度複雜過程中的第一步。

When designing energy-efficient buildings, architects have traditionally focused on passive solar heating, which utilizes large, south-facing windows to capture sunlight during winter. However, this approach can lead to severe overheating during summer months if proper shading mechanisms are not integrated. To resolve this, modern sustainable design employs dynamic building envelopes, such as automated louvers that adjust their angles based on the sun's position. This ensures that the building maximizes solar heat gain when it is cold, while deflecting excess solar radiation during warmer seasons. [Q11] What is the main advantage of dynamic building envelopes over traditional passive solar designs?

中文翻譯

在設計節能建築時，建築師傳統上主要關注被動式太陽能採暖，利用大型朝南的窗戶在冬季採集陽光。然而，若沒有搭配適當的遮陽機制，這種方法可能會導致夏季室內嚴重過熱。為了解決這個問題，現代永續設計採用了動態建築外殼，例如能根據太陽位置自動調整角度的百葉窗。這樣一來，便能確保建築物在寒冷時最大程度地吸收太陽熱能，並在炎熱季節阻擋多餘的太陽輻射。

Many professionals attempt to combat chronic workplace stress by taking extended vacations, expecting to return fully rejuvenated. While a temporary break offers immediate relief, psychological research indicates that the positive effects of a vacation typically fade within two to three weeks of returning to work. To achieve sustainable well-being, individuals must focus on micro-recovery—integrating small, daily habits of detachment throughout the workweek, such as short screen-free walks or structured breathing exercises. True resilience is built through consistent daily maintenance, not occasional escapes. [Q12] What does the speaker suggest about relying on vacations to cure workplace stress?

中文翻譯

許多職場專業人士試圖透過休長假來對抗慢性工作壓力，期望收假後能完全恢復活力。雖然短暫的休息能帶來即時的舒緩，但心理學研究指出，度假帶來的正面效果通常在重返工作後的兩到三週內就會消退。若要達到永續的身心健康，個人必須專注於「微恢復」（micro-recovery）——在工作週中融入每日抽離工作的微小習慣，例如不看螢幕的短暫散步或規律的呼吸練習。真正的韌性是透過持續的日常維持來建立，而非偶爾的逃脫。

Preserving early digital artifacts poses a unique challenge for modern museums, as physical degradation is not the primary threat. Instead, the rapid obsolescence of hardware and software means that digital files from just a few decades ago can become entirely unreadable. To address this, curators are shifting from preservation to emulation—creating software environments that mimic obsolete operating systems on modern computers. This allows future generations to experience early digital art and software in its original, interactive context rather than as static screenshots. [Q13] Why are museums increasingly adopting emulation to preserve digital artifacts?

中文翻譯

對現代博物館而言，保存早期的數位文物面臨著獨特的挑戰，因為實體損壞並非主要威脅。相反地，硬體和軟體的迅速淘汰，意味著僅僅幾十年前的數位檔案可能會變得完全無法讀取。為了解決這個問題，館方策展人正將重點從單純的保存轉向「模擬」——亦即在現代電腦上建立能模仿已淘汰作業系統的軟體環境。這讓後代子孫能夠在原始且具互動性的情境中，體驗早期的數位藝術與軟體，而非僅能觀看靜態的螢幕截圖。[Q13] 為什麼博物館越來越常採用模擬技術來保存數位文物？

For decades, farmers have relied on historical weather patterns to determine optimal planting and harvesting schedules. However, the increasing frequency of erratic weather events has rendered these traditional calendars obsolete, leading to crop failures and financial losses. In response, the agricultural sector is adopting predictive analytics powered by real-time satellite telemetry and soil sensors. By analyzing current atmospheric data and soil moisture levels, farmers can make highly precise, day-to-day decisions about irrigation and fertilization, bypassing reliance on increasingly unpredictable seasonal norms. [Q14] How does predictive analytics help modern farmers adapt to erratic weather?

中文翻譯

數十年來，農民一直仰賴歷史氣候模式來決定最適合的播種與採收時程。然而，日益頻繁的異常天氣事件已使這些傳統農事曆不合時宜，進而導致作物歉收與經濟損失。為此，農業領域正開始導入結合即時衛星遙測與土壤感測器的預測分析技術。透過分析當前的大氣數據與土壤水分含量，農民可以針對灌溉和施肥做出極為精準的日常決策，不必再依賴日益難以預測的季節規律。

When delivering presentations, speakers are often warned against using filler words such as "um," "uh," and "like," under the assumption that they project incompetence. However, psycholinguistic research suggests that filler words serve an important cognitive purpose for both the speaker and the listener. For the speaker, these pauses offer a fraction of a second to plan the next phrase without yielding the floor. For the listener, filler words act as acoustic signposts, signaling that a complex or unexpected piece of information is about to be delivered, thereby aiding comprehension. [Q15] According to the passage, how do filler words assist the listener?

中文翻譯

進行簡報時，講者常被警告不要使用「嗯」、「呃」和「這個」等贅詞（filler words），因為一般認為這些詞會顯得講者不夠專業。然而，心理語言學的研究指出，贅詞不論對講者或聽者而言，都具有重要的認知功能。對講者來說，這些短暫的停頓提供了一丁點時間來構思下一個句子，而不需要讓出發言權。對聽者而言，贅詞則像是聽覺指標，預示著接下來將會出現複雜或出乎意料的資訊，進而有助於理解。

As urban centers continue to expand, municipal planners are increasingly turning to dynamic traffic-management systems powered by predictive algorithms. Traditional traffic lights operate on pre-programmed cycles, which often fail to account for real-time fluctuations caused by minor collisions, sudden weather shifts, or spontaneous public gatherings. In contrast, the newly trialed adaptive signal control technology utilizes a network of camera sensors and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication to adjust signal timings instantaneously. While early feedback from commuters suggests a noticeable reduction in average transit times during peak hours, some logistical experts caution that this digital overhaul is not a panacea. Without corresponding investments in high-capacity public transit, optimizing vehicular flow may inadvertently encourage single-occupancy vehicle trips, ultimately exacerbating long-term congestion patterns. [Q16] What is the primary focus of the speaker's talk?

中文翻譯

隨著都市中心持續擴張，都市規劃人員正越來越多地轉向採用由預測演算法驅動的動態交通管理系統。傳統紅綠燈依循預先設定好的週期運作，往往無法因應由輕微碰撞、天氣驟變或自發性群眾集會所引起的即時流量波動。相較之下，新試辦的適應性號誌控制技術則利用相機感測器網路和車路協同通訊，即時調整號誌時相。雖然通勤族的早期回饋顯示尖峰時段的平均通勤時間明顯減少，但一些物流專家警告，這項數位化改革並非萬靈丹。若缺乏對高運量大眾運輸的相應投資，優化車流量可能會在無意中鼓勵單人駕車出行，最終加劇長期的交通壅塞狀況。

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] According to the passage, traditional traffic signals are less effective because they...

中文翻譯

根據本文內容，傳統的交通號誌較無效率，是因為它們……

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] What can be inferred about commuters from the initial trials of the adaptive system?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用聽力段落。）[第 18 題] 從該適應性系統的初步測試中，可以對通勤者做出何種推論？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] Why are logistical experts concerned about relying solely on this technology?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用段落。）[第 19 題] 為什麼物流專家擔心完全依賴這項技術？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] Which word best describes the speaker’s tone toward the adaptive traffic-management system?

中文翻譯

（與第 16 題共用聽力段落。）

In the realm of educational psychology, Cognitive Load Theory suggests that our working memory has a strictly limited capacity, which can easily become overwhelmed if information is poorly structured. This principle is particularly crucial in the design of asynchronous online courses. When instructional designers overload slides with dense text while simultaneously speaking, learners experience 'split-attention' effects, forcing them to process competing visual and auditory streams. To mitigate this cognitive friction, educators should employ signaling techniques—such as highlighting key terms—and eliminate redundant decorations that do not directly support the learning objective. By deliberately scaffolding information and reducing extraneous cognitive load, instructors can facilitate a smoother transition of knowledge from short-term processing to long-term memory retention. [Q21] What is the primary focus of Cognitive Load Theory as described in the lecture?

中文翻譯

在教育心理學領域中，「認知負荷理論」指出，我們的工作記憶容量有著嚴格的限制，如果資訊組織不當，很容易就會使人感到難以負荷。這個原則在設計非同步線上課程時尤其關鍵。當教學設計師在簡報投影片中放入密密麻麻的文字，同時又進行口頭講解時，學習者會產生「注意力分散」效應，迫使他們同時處理互相干擾的視覺與聽覺訊息。為了減輕這種認知摩擦，教育工作者應該採用指引技術（例如標示關鍵字），並消除對達成學習目標沒有直接幫助的贅餘裝飾。藉由刻意為資訊搭建鷹架，並減少外在認知負荷，教師可以促進知識更順暢地從短期處理轉換至長期記憶中保存。

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] What causes the 'split-attention' effect in online learning environments?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用聽力文本）[第 22 題] 在線上學習環境中，是什麼原因導致了「注意力分散」效應？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] According to the speaker, how can educators minimize cognitive friction?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用段落。）[Q23] 根據講者的說法，教育工作者要如何將認知摩擦降到最低？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What does the speaker imply about decorative elements in online courses?

中文翻譯

關於線上課程中的裝飾性元素，講者暗示了什麼？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What is the ultimate objective of optimizing instructional design according to this theory?

中文翻譯

根據此理論，優化教學設計的終極目標是什麼？

With global arable land shrinking due to urbanization and soil degradation, vertical farming has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional agriculture. By cultivating crops in vertically stacked layers within highly controlled indoor environments, this method drastically reduces water consumption—often by up to ninety-five percent—and eliminates the need for chemical pesticides. However, the system is not without its environmental trade-offs. The reliance on artificial LED lighting and climate-control units demands a massive amount of electricity, which, if sourced from fossil fuels, can result in a carbon footprint that exceeds that of conventional open-field farming. Critics argue that until renewable energy grid integration becomes standard, vertical farming will remain a niche solution suitable primarily for high-value leafy greens rather than staple crops like wheat or rice. [Q26] What is one of the main ecological benefits of vertical farming mentioned?

中文翻譯

隨著都市化與土地退化導致全球可耕地減少，垂直農業已成為傳統農業一項極具吸引力的替代方案。這種方法透過在高度受控的室內環境中將作物進行垂直疊層種植，大幅減少了用水量——通常可達百分之九十五——並免除了對化學農藥的需求。然而，此系統也伴隨著環境代價。對人工 LED 照明和氣候控制裝置的依賴需要消耗大量電力，若這些電力來自化石燃料，其碳足跡可能會超過傳統的露天耕作。批評者指出，在再生能源電網整合普及之前，垂直農業仍將是一種小眾的解決方案，主要適用於高價值的葉菜類，而非小麥或水稻等主食作物。

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] What is a primary criticism of current vertical farming operations?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用段落。）[Q27] 對於目前垂直農業的運作，最主要的批評是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] Under what condition does vertical farming produce more carbon emissions than conventional farming?

中文翻譯

（與第 26 題共用聽力文本。）[第 28 題] 在何種情況下，垂直農業所產生的碳排放量會高於傳統農業？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] According to the passage, vertical farming is currently less practical for staple crops like wheat because...

中文翻譯

根據本文，垂直農業目前對小麥等主食作物而言實用性較低，是因為……

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What does the passage imply about the widespread adoption of vertical farming?

中文翻譯

關於垂直農業的廣泛採用，這段演說暗示了什麼？

In modern consumer economics, planned obsolescence refers to the deliberate design of products with a limited useful life, forcing consumers to purchase replacements prematurely. While this practice successfully stimulates demand and fuels continuous economic growth for manufacturers, it draws severe criticism from environmental advocates. The rapid disposal of electronic gadgets, in particular, contributes to a staggering accumulation of hazardous e-waste in developing nations. To counter this trend, a growing global movement is advocating for 'Right to Repair' legislation, which mandates that companies provide accessible spare parts and diagnostic tools to consumers. Proponents argue that empowering independent repair shops not only extends product lifespans but also fosters a circular economy focused on resource conservation. [Q31] From the manufacturers' point of view, planned obsolescence is beneficial because it...

中文翻譯

在現代消費經濟學中，「計畫性報廢」是指刻意將產品設計成只有有限的使用壽命，藉此強迫消費者提前購買替代品。雖然這種做法成功刺激了需求，並為製造商帶來持續的經濟增長，但也引來環保人士的強烈批評。特別是電子產品的快速汰換，導致開發中國家累積了數量驚人的有害電子垃圾。為了遏止這一趨勢，一項日益蓬勃的全球運動正極力倡導「維修權」立法，要求企業必須向消費者提供易於取得的備用零件和診斷工具。支持者認為，賦予獨立維修廠相關權利不僅能延長產品壽命，還能促進以資源保育為核心的循環經濟。

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] What environmental hazard is highlighted in relation to planned obsolescence?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力文本。）[第 32 題] 關於「計畫性淘汰」，內容強調了哪一種環境危害？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] What is the main goal of the 'Right to Repair' movement?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用文章）[第 33 題] 「維修權」（Right to Repair）運動的主要目標是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] Under proposed 'Right to Repair' legislation, manufacturers would be legally obligated to...

中文翻譯

根據擬議中的「維修權」法規，製造商將有法律義務去……

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] What does the speaker imply about a 'circular economy'?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用聽力段落。）[第 35 題] 講者暗示了關於「循環經濟」的什麼資訊？

With the proliferation of remote work, many corporate organizations are transitioning from synchronous communication, which demands immediate real-time responses, to asynchronous models. In an asynchronous workspace, employees communicate through shared documents and message boards, allowing recipients to respond at their convenience. This shift dramatically reduces the constant interruptions associated with instant messaging, thereby fostering deep, uninterrupted focus. Furthermore, it accommodates team members operating across vastly different time zones, promoting a more equitable work environment. However, successful implementation requires a cultural shift: managers must relinquish rigid monitoring practices and instead evaluate staff based on tangible output rather than hours logged online. [Q36] How does asynchronous communication differ from synchronous communication?

中文翻譯

隨著遠距工作的普及，許多企業組織正從要求即時回應的「同步溝通」，轉型為「非同步溝通」模式。在非同步的工作環境中，員工透過共享文件和留言板進行溝通，讓收件人可以在方便的時間再做回覆。這種轉變大幅減少了因即時訊息帶來的持續干擾，進而促進深度且不被打擾的專注狀態。此外，它還能配合在不同時區工作的團隊成員，促進更公平的工作環境。然而，要成功實施必須經歷文化上的轉變：主管必須放棄嚴格的監控模式，改以具體產出而非在線時數來評估員工表現。[第 36 題] 非同步溝通與同步溝通有何不同？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] According to the passage, what is one major advantage of asynchronous communication?

中文翻譯

根據本文，非同步溝通的一大主要優勢是什麼？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] How does this communication model support diverse geographical teams?

中文翻譯

（與第 36 題共用段落。）[第 38 題] 這種溝通模式如何支援分佈於不同地理位置的多元團隊？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] According to the speaker, what must managers do to successfully adopt this model?

中文翻譯

根據講者所述，管理者必須怎麼做才能成功採用此模式？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What can be inferred about the transition to asynchronous communication?

中文翻譯

關於轉型至非同步溝通，可以推論出什麼？