全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 7

While open-plan offices were initially hailed as catalysts for collaboration, recent organizational psychology studies suggest they might actually impede deep cognitive work. The constant influx of auditory and visual stimuli forces the brain into a perpetual state of low-grade multitasking, which severely depletes executive function. To mitigate this, some forward-thinking firms are implementing 'quiet zones' and asynchronous communication protocols. The goal is not to eradicate interaction, but to give employees agency over their attentional resources. [Q1] What is the speaker's primary argument regarding open-plan offices?

中文翻译

虽然开放式办公室最初被誉为促进合作的催化剂，但最近的组织心理学研究表明，它们实际上可能会阻碍深度认知工作。源源不断的听觉和视觉刺激迫使大脑处于一种持续的低度多任务处理状态，这严重消耗了执行功能。为了缓解这一问题，一些具有前瞻性思维的公司正在推行“静音区”和异步沟通协议。其目的并非消除交流，而是让员工能够自主支配自己的注意力资源。

Urban heat islands have long been a concern for climatologists, but recent research highlights the microclimatic benefits of vertical greenery. Incorporating living walls onto high-rise facades does more than just enhance aesthetic appeal; it actively lowers ambient temperatures through evapotranspiration. Furthermore, these vertical ecosystems act as particulate filters, capturing airborne pollutants before they can settle at street level. Integrating such green infrastructure into zoning laws is no longer a luxury, but a necessity for sustainable metropolitan development. [Q2] According to the speaker, what is a key ecological benefit of vertical greenery?

中文翻译

城市热岛效应长期以来一直受到气候学家的关注，但最近的研究强调了垂直绿化在改善微气候方面的益处。在高层建筑外墙上引入生态活体植被墙，不仅能提升美学吸引力，还能通过蒸腾作用主动降低周围环境的温度。此外，这些垂直生态系统还能充当颗粒物过滤器，在空气污染物沉降到街道水平之前将其捕获。将此类绿色基础设施纳入规划法规已不再是奢求，而是大都市可持续发展的必然要求。

In retail marketing, the concept of 'choice paralysis' has revolutionized inventory management. Historically, merchants assumed that presenting consumers with an exhaustive array of options would maximize sales. However, empirical evidence demonstrates that an overabundance of choices often triggers anxiety and decision fatigue, leading consumers to abandon the purchase altogether. By curating a streamlined selection, brands can alleviate cognitive load, thereby fostering a more satisfying and decisive purchasing experience. [Q3] What can be inferred about retail strategies from the passage?

中文翻译

在零售营销中，“选择瘫痪”的概念彻底改变了库存管理。过去，商家往往认为向消费者提供详尽无遗的选择能使销量最大化。然而，实证经验表明，过多的选择往往会引发焦虑和决策疲劳，导致消费者完全放弃购买。通过精心策划并精简商品选择，品牌可以减轻消费者的认知负荷，从而营造出更令人满意且更具决断性的购买体验。

The hypothesis of linguistic relativity, often known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, posits that the structure of a language influences its speakers' cognition. While the extreme version of this theory—that language determines thought absolutely—has been largely discredited, the weaker version still holds merit. For instance, studies show that speakers of languages with grammatical gender associate gendered traits with inanimate objects. This suggests that while language may not imprison our thoughts, it certainly nudges our perception in specific directions. [Q4] Which of the following best summarizes the speaker's view on linguistic relativity?

中文翻译

语言相对论假说（通常被称为萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说）认为，语言结构会影响使用者的认知。虽然这一理论的极端版本——即语言绝对决定思维——已在很大程度上被推翻，但其温和版本仍有其合理之处。例如，研究表明，使用含有语法性别语言的人，会将性别特征与无生命物体联系起来。这表明，虽然语言或许并不会禁锢我们的思维，但它确实在特定方向上微妙地引导着我们的感知。

When it comes to mastering complex academic material, cramming is a notoriously ineffective strategy. Cognitive psychologists advocate instead for spaced repetition, a technique that leverages the 'spacing effect.' By reviewing information at increasing intervals, learners force their brains to repeatedly retrieve the information from long-term memory just as it is about to be forgotten. This effortful retrieval strengthens neural pathways, ensuring far greater retention than consecutive, passive reviews. [Q5] Why is spaced repetition considered superior to cramming?

中文翻译

在掌握复杂的学术内容时，考前突击是出了名的低效策略。相反，认知心理学家提倡“间隔重复”，这是一种利用“间隔效应”的技术。通过以逐渐增加的时间间隔复习信息，学习者迫使大脑在信息即将被遗忘时，不断地从长期记忆中检索信息。这种费力的检索强化了神经通路，相比连续、被动的复习，能确保更好的记忆效果。[Q5] 为什么间隔重复被认为优于考前突击？

The rise of the gig economy has undoubtedly provided workers with unprecedented scheduling flexibility. However, this autonomy often comes at a steep price: the erosion of the traditional social contract. Independent contractors typically lack access to employer-sponsored benefits, such as health insurance, paid leave, and retirement contributions. As this labor model proliferates, policymakers face the daunting challenge of redefining labor laws to protect vulnerable gig workers without stifling the entrepreneurial spirit that drives the platform economy. [Q6] What is the speaker's main concern regarding the gig economy?

中文翻译

零工经济的兴起无疑为劳动者带来了前所未有的工作时间灵活性。然而，这种自主性往往伴随着沉重的代价：传统社会契约的瓦解。独立承包商通常无法享受雇主提供的福利，例如医疗保险、带薪假和养老金。随着这种劳工模式的普及，政策制定者面临着严峻的挑战，即如何在不扼杀驱动平台经济的创业精神的前提下，重新修订劳动法以保护弱势的零工劳动者。

In ecological conservation, identifying keystone species is critical for maximizing the impact of limited resources. A keystone species is one whose presence has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance. For example, the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park triggered a trophic cascade that altered river paths, rejuvenated vegetation, and balanced herbivore populations. Protecting these pivotal species, therefore, serves as an efficient proxy for preserving entire ecosystems. [Q7] What does the example of the Yellowstone wolves illustrate?

中文翻译

在生态保护中，识别关键物种对于最大限度地发挥有限资源的作用至关重要。关键物种是指其对环境的影响与其自身数量相比极不相称的物种。例如，将狼群重新引入黄石国家公园引发了营养级级联效应，改变了河流走向，使植被重现生机，并平衡了食草动物的数量。因此，保护这些关键物种是保护整个生态系统的一种高效间接途径。[问题7] 黄石狼的例子说明了什么？

Traditional agriculture is increasingly constrained by soil degradation and unpredictable weather patterns driven by climate change. Vertical farming offers a compelling alternative by cultivating crops in stacked layers within controlled indoor environments. By utilizing hydroponic systems and specialized LED lighting, these facilities can reduce water consumption by up to ninety-five percent compared to conventional farms. While the initial capital investment is substantial, the year-round yield predictability and minimal environmental footprint make it a viable pillar of future food security. [Q8] What is currently a major drawback of vertical farming mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻译

传统农业正日益受到土壤退化以及气候变化带来的多变天气格局的制约。垂直农业通过在可控的室内环境中进行多层叠放种植作物，提供了一种极具吸引力的替代方案。通过利用水培系统和专用LED照明，这些设施与传统农场相比，可减少高达95%的用水量。虽然前期的资金投入非常巨大，但其全年产量的可预测性和极小的环境足迹使其成为未来保障粮食安全的一个切实可行的支柱。

Ecotourism is often marketed as a win-win scenario: travelers experience pristine natural environments while their spending supports local conservation and communities. However, without stringent regulation, the influx of tourists can inadvertently degrade the very habitats they came to admire. Path erosion, wildlife disturbance, and localized pollution are common consequences of poorly managed ecotourism ventures. Truly sustainable travel requires a shift from passive sightseeing to active, regulated stewardship that prioritizes ecological integrity over commercial gain. [Q9] What is the speaker's attitude toward unregulated ecotourism?

中文翻译

生态旅游通常被宣传为一种双赢模式：游客在体验原始自然环境的同时，其消费也能支持当地的生态保护与社区建设。然而，如果缺乏严格监管，游客的涌入可能会在无意中破坏他们慕名而来的栖息地。道路侵蚀、干扰野生动物和局部污染，都是管理不善的生态旅游项目所带来的常见后果。真正的可持续旅行需要从被动的观光旅游转变为主动且规范的管理，将生态完整性置于商业利益之上。

Imposter syndrome—the persistent inability to believe that one's success is deserved—is surprisingly prevalent among high-achieving professionals. Despite objective evidence of their competence, individuals suffering from this phenomenon attribute their accomplishments to luck, timing, or deceit. In the workplace, this can lead to chronic over-preparation and burnout, as employees strive to avoid being 'exposed.' Forward-thinking managers are addressing this by fostering environments that destigmatize failure and emphasize growth over perfection. [Q10] According to the speaker, how does imposter syndrome affect employees?

中文翻译

冒充者综合征——即一种长期无法相信自己的成功是实至名归的心理倾向——在优秀职场人士中普遍得令人惊讶。尽管有客观证据证明他们的能力，但深受其扰的人仍将自己的成就归因于运气、时机或欺骗。在职场中，这可能导致员工为了避免被“揭穿”而长期过度准备并陷入职业倦怠。具有前瞻性思维的管理人员正在努力解决这一问题，方法是营造一种容忍失败、强调成长而非完美的职场环境。

For astronomers, the rapid proliferation of low-Earth orbit satellite constellations represents a dual-edged sword. While these satellites promise to deliver high-speed internet to remote corners of the globe, their reflective surfaces create bright streaks across astronomical images. This light pollution severely compromises ground-based telescopes, potentially obscuring deep-space objects and hazardous asteroids. Collaborative efforts between aerospace companies and the scientific community are essential to develop darker satellite coatings and minimize orbital interference. [Q11] What problem do low-Earth orbit satellites pose to astronomers?

中文翻译

对于天文学家而言，低轨卫星星座的迅速增加是一把双刃剑。虽然这些卫星有望为全球偏远地区提供高速互联网，但它们的反射面会在天文图像上留下明亮的条纹。这种光污染严重损害了地面望远镜的性能，可能会遮蔽深空天体和危险的小行星。航空航天公司与科学界需要共同努力，研发更暗的卫星涂层，以减少轨道干扰。

Biophilic design is an innovative approach that seeks to connect building occupants more closely with nature. This is achieved not just by adding potted plants, but by incorporating natural light, organic materials, and spatial configurations that mimic natural landscapes. Studies suggest that environments incorporating biophilic elements can reduce physiological stress, lower blood pressure, and enhance cognitive performance. In an increasingly urbanized world, biophilic design offers a blueprint for creating spaces that support both human well-being and environmental harmony. [Q12] What is a central principle of biophilic design?

中文翻译

亲生命设计是一种创新的设计方法，旨在让建筑使用者与自然建立更紧密的联系。这不仅可以通过摆放盆栽植物来实现，还可以通过引入自然光、有机材料以及模拟自然景观的空间布局来达成。研究表明，融入亲生命元素的环境可以缓解生理压力、降低血压并提高认知表现。在日益城市化的世界中，亲生命设计为创造既能促进人类健康又能实现环境和谐的空间提供了蓝图。[Q12] 亲生命设计的核心原则是什么？

Gamification in education involves integrating game-design elements, such as points, leaderboards, and quests, into academic curricula. Proponents argue that this approach significantly enhances student engagement by tapping into intrinsic motivators like curiosity and achievement. However, critics caution against over-reliance on external rewards, which can sometimes overshadow the actual learning material. To be truly effective, gamification must be designed to deepen conceptual understanding, rather than just offering superficial incentives for rote tasks. [Q13] What caution does the speaker raise regarding gamification in learning?

中文翻译

教育游戏化是指将积分、排行榜和任务等游戏设计元素融入学术课程中。支持者认为，这种方法通过激发好奇心和成就感等内在动机，能显著提高学生的参与度。然而，批评者警告不要过度依赖外部奖励，因为这有时会掩盖实际的学习内容。要想真正发挥作用，游戏化的设计必须旨在深化对概念的理解，而不仅仅是为死记硬背的任务提供肤浅的奖励。[Q13] 关于学习中的游戏化，发言者提出了什么警告？

Our sleep-wake cycles are governed by our individual biological clocks, or chronotypes, which dictate whether we are naturally early risers or night owls. Society, however, is largely structured around an early-morning schedule, placing night owls at a distinct disadvantage. This misalignment between biological time and social time is known as 'social jetlag.' Over time, chronic social jetlag can lead to cognitive deficits, mood disturbances, and diminished productivity, highlighting the need for more flexible work and school schedules. [Q14] What is 'social jetlag' as described in the passage?

中文翻译

我们的睡眠-觉醒周期受个人生物钟（即作息类型）的控制，它决定了我们天生是早起的人还是夜猫子。然而，社会的作息在很大程度上是围绕早起日程构建的，这让夜猫子处于明显的劣势。这种生物时间与社会时间之间的偏差被称为“社交时差”。久而久之，长期的社交时差会导致认知能力受损、情绪波动以及工作效率下降，这突显了实行更灵活的工作和学校作息制度的必要性。

While physical artifacts from ancient civilizations can survive for millennia, our contemporary digital heritage is surprisingly fragile. Digital storage media degrade rapidly, and software obsolescence means that files created just a few decades ago may already be unreadable. Archivists are engaged in a race against time to develop robust preservation strategies, such as emulation and continuous data migration. Without systematic intervention, we risk leaving a massive 'digital dark age' in our historical record. [Q15] Why is our contemporary digital heritage considered fragile?

中文翻译

尽管古代文明的实物遗存可以保存数千年，但我们当代的数字遗产却出人意料地脆弱。数字存储介质降解迅速，而软件的淘汰意味着仅仅几十年前创建的文件可能就已经无法读取。档案工作者正在与时间赛跑，以开发行之有效的保护策略，例如模拟和持续的数据迁移。如果没有系统性的干预，我们在历史记录中可能会面临留下巨大“数字黑暗时代”的风险。[Q15] 为什么我们当代的数字遗产被认为是脆弱的？

Good morning, class. Today we're exploring urban heat islands and the mitigation strategies implemented by metropolitan planners. While traditional approaches focused solely on planting street trees, modern architectural standards advocate for integrated green infrastructure, specifically extensive green roofs. Unlike intensive green roofs, which require deep soil and support heavy shrubs, extensive systems are lightweight and require minimal maintenance, utilizing drought-resistant sedum species. These installations not only reduce ambient temperatures through evapotranspiration but also mitigate stormwater runoff by absorbing up to seventy percent of rainfall. As cities face unprecedented precipitation events, these systems transition from being mere aesthetic enhancements to critical ecological assets. [Q16] What is the main focus of the lecturer's talk?

中文翻译

同学们，大家早上好。今天我们将探讨城市热岛效应以及城市规划者所采取的缓解策略。虽然传统方法仅仅侧重于种植街边树木，但现代建筑标准更提倡融入一体化的绿色基础设施，尤其是粗放型绿色屋顶。与需要深厚土壤并承载沉重灌木的密集型绿色屋顶不同，粗放型系统重量轻且维护需求极低，主要采用耐旱的景天属植物。这些设施不仅能通过蒸腾作用降低周围环境温度，还能吸收高达百分之七十的降雨，从而缓解雨水径流。随着城市面临前所未有的降水事件，这些系统已从单纯的美化景观转变为至关重要的生态资产。问题：这场讲座的主要焦点是什么？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] How do extensive green roofs differ from intensive ones according to the speaker?

中文翻译

根据发言者的说法，粗放型屋顶绿化与密集型屋顶绿化有何不同？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] What environmental issue is directly addressed by the water retention capability of green roofs?

中文翻译

[第18题] 绿色屋顶的蓄水能力直接应对了哪种环境问题？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What does the speaker imply about the future role of green roofs?

中文翻译

（与第16题共用段落。）[Q19] 关于绿色屋顶未来的作用，发言者暗示了什么？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What is the speaker's tone throughout the lecture?

中文翻译

（与第16题共用听力材料。）

As remote work evolves, organization leaders are discovering that merely replicating office hours in a virtual environment leads to employee burnout. The culprit is often 'hyper-responsiveness'—the expectation to reply to emails and chat messages instantaneously. To combat this, forward-thinking enterprises are adopting asynchronous communication protocols. This paradigm shift encourages employees to document their workflows thoroughly and allow colleagues up to twenty-four hours to respond. Consequently, team members can enjoy prolonged blocks of uninterrupted focus, which drastically improves cognitive performance and job satisfaction. However, transition to this model requires a high degree of trust and clear guidelines on what constitutes a genuine emergency. [Q21] According to the passage, what is a major cause of burnout in virtual work environments?

中文翻译

随着远程办公的发展，企业领导者发现，在虚拟环境中简单地照搬办公室工作时间会导致员工精疲力竭。其罪魁祸首往往是“过度响应”——即即时回复电子邮件和即时通讯消息的期望。为了应对这一问题，具有前瞻性思维的企业正在采用异步沟通协议。这种模式转变鼓励员工详尽地记录工作流程，并允许同事在最长24小时内予以回复。因此，团队成员可以享受长时间不被打扰的专注状态，从而显著提高认知表现和工作满意度。然而，向这种模式的转型需要高度的信任，以及关于什么才算真正的紧急情况的明确准则。

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] What is a key feature of asynchronous communication?

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（与第21题共用材料。）[第22题] 异步沟通的一个关键特征是什么？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What benefit does the speaker associate with uninterrupted focus blocks?

中文翻译

（与第21题共用篇章。）[第23题] 说话者认为，无干扰的专注时间段能带来什么好处？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What does the speaker suggest is necessary for a successful transition to asynchronous communication?

中文翻译

（与第21题共用听力材料。）

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What is the speaker's attitude toward the traditional virtual work model?

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传统的虚拟工作模式往往只是生搬硬套传统的线下办公架构，未能真正理解和契合远程办公的本质。这种模式忽略了员工对自主性和灵活性的实际需求，无法适应远程办公的真实常态。因此，我们必须打破这种陈旧的框架，探索更符合数字化协作规律的新模式。

In recent years, the culinary world has witnessed a significant resurgence of interest in heirloom crop varieties. Unlike commercial crops, which have been hybridized for uniform appearance, shelf life, and machine-harvestability, heirloom crops are open-pollinated varieties passed down through generations. While they are often less visually perfect and have shorter shelf-lives, they offer unparalleled flavor profiles and genetic diversity. Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for these unique attributes, prompting small-scale farmers to diversify their fields. This shift not only revitalizes local food cultures but also enhances agricultural resilience against pests and changing climate patterns, as a biodiverse field is less susceptible to total crop failure. [Q26] What distinguishes heirloom crops from commercial varieties?

中文翻译

近年来，餐饮界对传家宝作物品种的关注度显著回升。与为了外观规整、耐储存和便于机械化采收而进行杂交改良的商业作物不同，传家宝作物是代代相传的开放授粉品种。尽管它们通常在外观上不那么完美，保质期也较短，但它们却拥有无与伦比的独特风味和遗传多样性。消费者越来越愿意为这些独特品质支付溢价，从而促使小规模农户开展多样化种植。这一转变不仅复兴了地方饮食文化，还提高了农业抵御病虫害和气候变化影响的韧性，因为具备生物多样性的农田不易遭遇彻底的绝收。[第26题] 传家宝作物与商业作物的区别是什么？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] Why are consumers willing to pay more for heirloom crops?

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（与第26题共用材料。）[Q27] 为什么消费者愿意花高价购买老品种作物？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] What agricultural benefit of biodiversity is mentioned in the passage?

中文翻译

（与第26题共用材料。）[第28题] 文中提到了生物多样性在农业方面的哪项益处？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] What has been the reaction of small-scale farmers to this market trend?

中文翻译

（与第26题共用文章。）[第29题] 小规模农户对这一市场趋势做出了什么反应？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What is the speaker's perspective on the heirloom crop trend?

中文翻译

（与第26题共用听力文本。）[Q30]

When preparing for examinations, many students rely on 'cramming'—massing study sessions into a single night. However, cognitive psychology consistently demonstrates the superiority of the 'spacing effect,' which involves distributing study sessions over days or weeks. Repetitive exposure with time intervals allows the brain to consolidate information into long-term memory. Neuroscientists suggest that when we revisit material after a delay, our brains must actively reconstruct the neural pathways associated with that knowledge, reinforcing the memory trace. Although cramming may yield acceptable results for immediate, short-term recall, it fails to produce durable learning. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to design curricula that naturally incorporate spaced retrieval practice. [Q31] What is the primary focus of the discussion?

中文翻译

在准备考试时，许多学生习惯于“临时抱佛脚”（cramming）——将学习任务集中在考前的一个晚上。然而，认知心理学研究一致表明，“间隔效应”（spacing effect）具有明显的优越性，即把学习时间分散在几天或几周内。在有时间间隔的情况下重复接触学习内容，能让大脑将信息巩固为长期记忆。神经学家指出，当我们在一段时间后重新温习材料时，大脑必须主动重建与该知识相关的神经通路，从而强化记忆痕迹。虽然“临时抱佛脚”在应对即时的短期回忆时可能会取得还不错的效果，但它无法带来持久的学习效果。因此，教学机构被鼓励在课程设计中自然地融入间隔检索练习。

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] According to the speaker, how does the spacing effect benefit memory?

中文翻译

根据发言者的说法，间隔效应是如何有益于记忆的？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] Why does reconstructing neural pathways after a delay help learning?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用材料。）[Q33] 为什么在延迟一段时间后重建神经通路有助于学习？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] What is a limitation of cramming mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用文章。）[第34题] 说话者提到了突击复习（cramming）的哪项局限性？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] What recommendation does the speaker make to schools?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用材料。）[第35题] 说话者向学校提出了什么建议？

The global surge in ecotourism has prompted many travel agencies to market their tours as 'environmentally friendly.' To help consumers distinguish genuine conservation efforts from mere greenwashing, independent certification bodies have established rigorous standards. These eco-labels evaluate tourism operations based on waste management, energy efficiency, and their contribution to local communities. A certified operator must demonstrate that their activities do not disrupt local wildlife habitats and that a portion of their revenue directly funds regional conservation. By choosing certified tours, travelers can ensure their vacations support sustainable development. However, the proliferation of different eco-labels remains a challenge, as travelers must research which certifications are truly credible. [Q36] What problem does the rise of independent ecotourism certification address?

中文翻译

全球生态旅游的急剧升温促使许多旅行社将其旅游项目宣传为“环保型”。为了帮助消费者区分真正的环保努力与单纯的“漂绿”（虚假环保宣传）行为，独立认证机构制定了严格的标准。这些生态标签根据废弃物管理、能源效率以及对当地社区的贡献来评估旅游运营项目。获得认证的运营商必须证明其活动不会破坏当地野生动物的栖息地，且其部分收入直接用于资助当地的保护工作。通过选择获得认证的旅游项目，游客可以确保他们的假期能够支持可持续发展。然而，各式各样的生态标签层出不穷仍是一个挑战，因为游客必须研究哪些认证才是真正可信的。

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Which of the following is a criterion used by certification bodies to evaluate operators?

中文翻译

(与第36题共用篇章。)[Q37] 下列哪一项是认证机构评估运营商的标准？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] According to the passage, how do certified operators support local habitats?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用听力材料。）[第38题] 根据文章内容，经认证的运营商是如何支持当地栖息地的？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What current challenge facing travelers is mentioned in the passage?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用材料。）[Q39] 听力材料中提到了旅行者目前面临的什么挑战？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the speaker's main purpose in this talk?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用听力材料。）