GEPT 全民英检 听力模拟题 · 共 40 题

全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 1

参照 GEPT 公开题型原创的听力模拟题，从少儿级（GEPT Kids）到高级都有。

本套试卷由 Loopy 参照公开题型原创，并非 台湾语言训练测验中心（LTTC） 的官方试题。

整套音频

第一部分

  1. 第 1 题

    • ATo evaluate employees based on results rather than online presence.
    • BTo increase the frequency of virtual check-ins with staff.
    • CTo implement stricter monitoring software to track idle time.
    • DTo encourage employees to work from physical offices more often.
    查看原文

    While the initial transition to fully remote operations was heralded as a triumph of modern digital infrastructure, recent data suggests a creeping counter-trend. Employees frequently report a phenomenon known as 'presence anxiety'—the perceived necessity to remain constantly visible on internal messaging platforms. This digital performativity often replaces genuine productivity, leading to cognitive exhaustion. Management must therefore shift its metrics from active hours logged to concrete project outcomes, thereby fostering a culture of trust rather than surveillance. [Q1] What is the speaker’s primary recommendation for management?

    中文翻译

    虽然最初向完全远程办公的转型被誉为现代数字基础设施的一大胜利，但近期的数据表明，一种反向趋势正在悄然滋生。员工经常报告一种被称为“在线焦虑”（presence anxiety）的现象——即迫切感到有必要在内部即时通讯平台上保持随时在线。这种“数字化表演”往往取代了真正的生产力，从而导致认知疲劳。因此，管理层必须将考核指标从记录的在线时长转向具体的项目成果，以此来培养信任而非监控的团队文化。

  1. 第 2 题

    • ABy restricting energy consumption during peak demand hours.
    • BBy storing unlimited amounts of solar energy in residential batteries.
    • CBy using real-time data to dynamically adjust energy distribution.
    • DBy relying solely on traditional fossil fuels when solar power fails.
    查看原文

    The integration of decentralized energy resources, such as residential solar panels, has necessitated a paradigm shift in grid management. Traditional grids, designed for one-way power flow from centralized plants, struggle with the intermittent nature of renewable energy. Smart grids address this by utilizing real-time data analytics to dynamically balance supply and demand. By anticipating surges and redistributing excess power instantaneously, these systems prevent localized overloads while maximizing the utility of clean energy. [Q2] According to the speaker, how do smart grids solve the main limitation of traditional power grids?

    中文翻译

    分布式能源（如家用太阳能电池板）的并网，使电网管理模式必须发生根本性转变。传统电网设计用于集中式发电厂的单向输电，难以应对可再生能源的间歇性特征。智能电网通过利用实时数据分析来动态平衡供需，从而解决了这一问题。通过预测用电高峰并即时重新分配多余电能，这些系统在防止局部过载的同时，最大程度地提高了清洁能源的利用率。

  1. 第 3 题

    • ALearning is most effective when students encounter no cognitive obstacles.
    • BImmediate performance on tests is the best indicator of long-term learning.
    • CCramming before exams is superior to spaced-out study sessions.
    • DHarder retrieval processes during learning lead to better long-term memory.
    查看原文

    In pedagogical theory, the concept of 'desirable difficulties' suggests that introducing short-term obstacles during the learning process actually enhances long-term retention. For instance, testing students before they are taught the material, or spacing out study sessions rather than cramming, forces the brain to work harder to retrieve information. Although this approach may initially result in lower performance scores and higher student frustration, the cognitive pathways forged during these struggles are significantly more resilient over time. [Q3] What is the main implication of the 'desirable difficulties' concept?

    中文翻译

    在教学理论中，“必要难度”（desirable difficulties）这一概念表明，在学习过程中引入短期障碍实际上能提高长期记忆留存。例如，在教授材料之前对学生进行测试，或者进行分散学习而不是临时抱佛脚，都会迫使大脑更费力地提取信息。尽管这种方法最初可能会导致成绩较低并增加学生的挫败感，但在这些挣扎过程中建立的认知路径随着时间的推移会变得明显更具韧性。[问题3] “必要难度”这一概念的主要启示是什么？

  1. 第 4 题

    • ATo celebrate the successful completion of a major corporate project.
    • BTo identify potential flaws in a project plan by imagining its failure beforehand.
    • CTo assign blame to specific team members before a strategy is executed.
    • DTo encourage employees to maintain an optimistic outlook under pressure.
    查看原文

    When executives evaluate potential market expansions, they often fall prey to the planning fallacy, consistently underestimating costs and timeline durations while overestimating project benefits. This bias is exacerbated by a corporate culture that equates confidence with competence. To counteract this, organizations should implement a 'pre-mortem' exercise. Before a project launches, team members are asked to assume the project has failed spectacularly and then work backward to identify the plausible causes of this hypothetical disaster. [Q4] What is the purpose of the 'pre-mortem' exercise mentioned in the talk?

    中文翻译

    当管理层评估潜在的市场扩张机会时，他们往往会陷入‘规划谬误’，一味低估成本和时间跨度，同时高估项目的收益。将‘自信’等同于‘能力’的企业文化进一步加剧了这种偏差。为了应对这一问题，企业应当引入‘事前剖析’。在项目启动前，让团队成员假设该项目已经遭遇了惨烈失败，并以此往回推导，找出导致这一假设性灾难的合理原因。

  1. 第 5 题

    • AEnthusiastic, because they have completely eliminated the need for new synthetic fibers.
    • BSkeptical, because technological limits prevent them from being fully sustainable.
    • CIndifferent, as fashion has a minimal impact on global carbon emissions.
    • DOptimistic, since the energy required for recycling has dropped to near zero.
    查看原文

    The global apparel industry has faced intense scrutiny for its environmental footprint, leading many brands to champion 'circular fashion' initiatives. These programs promise to recycle old garments into new textile fibers, theoretically creating a closed-loop system. However, critics point out that current recycling technologies are highly energy-intensive and often degrade fiber quality, meaning most recycled garments still require a high percentage of virgin synthetic materials. Until material science advances, reducing overall consumption remains the only truly sustainable path. [Q5] What is the speaker’s attitude toward current 'circular fashion' initiatives?

    中文翻译

    全球服装业因其环境足迹而面临严厉审视，这促使许多品牌开始倡导“循环时尚”倡议。这些项目承诺将旧衣物回收并转化为新的纺织纤维，在理论上构建一个闭环系统。然而，批评人士指出，现有的回收技术不仅能耗极高，而且往往会降低纤维质量，这意味着大多数回收衣物仍需添加高比例的原生合成材料。在材料科学取得突破之前，减少整体消费依然是唯一真正可持续的途径。[Q5] 说话者对目前的“循环时尚”倡议持什么态度？

  1. 第 6 题

    • AIt generates high local revenue but fails to attract international travelers.
    • BIt encourages wildlife preservation while promoting hunting activities.
    • CIt uses advanced technologies that local communities cannot maintain.
    • DIt claims to protect the environment but can cause significant ecological disruption.
    查看原文

    While ecotourism is marketed as an environmentally conscious alternative to mass tourism, its growth often introduces unintended ecological pressures to fragile ecosystems. The construction of eco-lodges, even when built with local materials, inevitably disrupts wildlife corridors and increases resource consumption in remote areas. Furthermore, the carbon footprint associated with tourists flying long distances to reach these pristine destinations often offsets the local conservation benefits. Thus, true ecological responsibility might require tourists to seek low-impact, local travel alternatives instead. [Q6] What paradox of ecotourism does the speaker highlight?

    中文翻译

    虽然生态旅游在宣传上是大众旅游的一种环保替代选择，但其增长往往会给脆弱的生态系统带来意想不到的生态压力。即使使用当地材料建造生态旅馆，其建设也难免会破坏野生动物通道，并增加偏远地区的资源消耗。此外，游客为了前往这些纯净的目的地而长途飞行，其所产生的碳足迹往往会抵消在当地保护环境所带来的益处。因此，真正的生态责任可能需要游客转而寻求低影响的本地旅游替代方案。

  1. 第 7 题

    • ABecause high-context communicators refuse to use technology for communication.
    • BBecause low-context communicators rely too much on non-verbal cues.
    • CBecause they have different expectations regarding how explicit verbal messages should be.
    • DBecause high-context cultures do not value interpersonal relationships.
    查看原文

    In intercultural communication, a distinction is often made between high-context and low-context cultures. In high-context cultures, such as Japan or collective societies, communication relies heavily on shared background, non-verbal cues, and the relationship between speakers, meaning much of the message is left unsaid. Conversely, low-context cultures, like the United States or Germany, prioritize explicit, highly detailed verbal instruction to avoid ambiguity. Misunderstandings frequently arise when members of these differing cultures misinterpret the level of detail required in a standard transaction. [Q7] According to the passage, why do misunderstandings occur between high-context and low-context communicators?

    中文翻译

    在跨文化交际中，人们通常会区分高语境文化和低语境文化。在高语境文化中（如日本或集体主义社会），沟通高度依赖共同的背景、非言语线索以及说话者之间的关系，这意味着许多信息都是点到为止、无需明说的。相反，在低语境文化中（如美国或德国），人们更看重明确、详尽的言语说明，以避免产生歧义。当来自这些不同文化背景的人在常规交往中误判了所需的详细程度时，就经常会产生误解。根据这段录音，为什么高语境和低语境的沟通者之间会产生误解？

  1. 第 8 题

    • AIt consumes far more water than traditional open-field farming.
    • BThe high electricity demand of indoor climates can offset its environmental benefits.
    • CIt is highly vulnerable to adverse outdoor weather conditions.
    • DThe crops produced are less nutritious than those grown in soil.
    查看原文

    Vertical farming, which involves cultivating crops in stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, offers a promising solution to urban food insecurity. By utilizing hydroponic systems and LED lighting, these facilities can produce high yields year-round, completely independent of weather conditions, while using up to ninety percent less water than conventional agriculture. However, critics argue that the substantial electricity required to power these artificial climates significantly diminishes their environmental credentials, especially in regions still reliant on fossil-fuel grids. [Q8] What is a major criticism of vertical farming mentioned in the passage?

    中文翻译

    垂直农业是指在受控的室内环境中进行多层堆叠式作物栽培，它为解决城市粮食安全问题提供了一种极具前景的解决方案。通过利用无土栽培系统和LED照明，这些设施可以实现全年高产，完全不受天气条件的影响，同时比传统农业减少高达90%的水资源消耗。然而，批评人士指出，维持这些人工气候所需的大量电力大大削弱了其环保属性，尤其是在仍依赖化石燃料电网的地区。

  1. 第 9 题

    • AA lack of funding for modern laboratory equipment.
    • BThe preference of journals for publishing only novel, statistically significant results.
    • CThe refusal of psychology students to participate in academic research.
    • DA general decline in the public's interest in social science topics.
    查看原文

    The replication crisis has cast a long shadow over the social sciences, particularly psychology, where researchers have struggled to reproduce the results of several classic studies. This systemic issue is partly driven by the 'file drawer problem,' a bias where academic journals overwhelmingly publish novel, statistically significant findings while ignoring studies that yield null results. Consequently, researchers are incentivized to engage in questionable practices like 'p-hacking'—manipulating data analysis until a significant pattern emerges—which ultimately compromises the integrity of scientific literature. [Q9] What does the speaker identify as a root cause of the replication crisis?

    中文翻译

    可重复性危机给社会科学（尤其是心理学）蒙上了一层阴影，研究人员难以复制若干经典研究的结果。这一系统性问题在一定程度上是由“抽屉文件问题”（'file drawer problem'）引起的，这是一种学术偏见，即学术期刊绝大多数只发表具有新颖性且在统计学上显著的研究结果，而忽视那些得出无效结果的研究。因此，研究人员被迫采取一些不当行为，例如“p值篡改”（'p-hacking'）——即不断调整数据分析方式直到出现显著性规律——这最终损害了学术文献的公信力。[Q9] 说话者认为导致可重复性危机的根本原因是什么？

  1. 第 10 题

    • AResolving a service failure is always more expensive than preventing one.
    • BCustomers prefer companies that never make mistakes over those that resolve them.
    • CCustomers are happier after a resolved service failure than if no failure had occurred.
    • DIntentional service failures are the most effective way to build long-term loyalty.
    查看原文

    In marketing theory, the 'service recovery paradox' describes a situation where a customer's post-failure satisfaction actually exceeds their pre-failure satisfaction, provided the company resolves the initial issue exceptionally well. When a service provider goes above and beyond to rectify a mistake, it demonstrates empathy and competence, forging a stronger emotional bond with the customer than a flawless, unremarkable transaction would have. However, businesses should not intentionally engineer service failures, as the risk of failing the recovery phase is immensely high and financially damaging. [Q10] Which of the following best describes the 'service recovery paradox'?

    中文翻译

    在营销理论中，“服务补救悖论”描述了这样一种情况：只要企业能极其出色地解决最初的问题，客户在服务失败后的满意度实际上会超过发生失败前的满意度。当服务提供商全力以赴去纠正错误时，这展现了其同理心与专业能力，从而比一次完美但平淡无奇的交易更容易与客户建立起更深的情感纽带。然而，企业不应故意制造服务失败，因为补救阶段失败的风险极高，且会带来巨大的财务损失。

  1. 第 11 题

    • AThe sudden drop in global satellite communications due to solar flares.
    • BA chain reaction of space collisions making certain orbits permanently unusable.
    • CThe high cost of launching new satellites into deep space.
    • DThe risk of space debris falling safely into the Earth's oceans.
    查看原文

    Low Earth orbit is becoming increasingly cluttered with space debris, ranging from defunct satellites to tiny paint flecks traveling at hypervelocities. Even a millimeter-sized particle can inflict catastrophic damage on active spacecraft due to the immense kinetic energy involved in orbital collisions. This has raised concerns about the Kessler syndrome—a theoretical scenario where a single collision triggers a cascade of subsequent impacts, rendering certain orbits entirely unusable for generations. Mitigating this risk requires international cooperation to implement active debris removal technologies. [Q11] What is the primary concern associated with the 'Kessler syndrome'?

    中文翻译

    近地轨道正变得日益拥挤，充斥着从废弃卫星到超高速飞行的微小漆屑等各种太空垃圾。由于轨道碰撞中蕴含的巨大动能，即使是毫米级的颗粒也能对运行中的航天器造成毁灭性打击。这引发了人们对“凯斯勒综合征”（Kessler syndrome）的担忧——这是一种理论上的设想，即单次碰撞会引发一连串的后续碰撞，导致某些轨道在几代人的时间内完全无法使用。降低这一风险需要国际合作来实施主动清除垃圾的技术。[Q11] 与“凯斯勒综合征”相关的最主要担忧是什么？

  1. 第 12 题

    • ABecause constant digital distractions and meetings fragment employees' attention.
    • BBecause employees lack the academic training required for complex tasks.
    • CBecause companies do not offer financial incentives for high-value output.
    • DBecause remote work has eliminated the need for collaborative projects.
    查看原文

    In today's hyper-connected corporate environment, the capacity for 'deep work'—intense, distraction-free cognitive focus—is becoming increasingly rare yet highly valuable. Most professionals spend their workdays in a state of fragmented attention, constantly responding to emails and attending superficial meetings. This shallow work might keep the wheels turning, but it rarely produces breakthrough innovations or high-value intellectual output. To cultivate deep work, individuals must ruthlessly schedule blocks of uninterrupted time and train their brains to resist the immediate gratification of digital distractions. [Q12] According to the speaker, why is 'deep work' difficult to achieve in modern workplaces?

    中文翻译

    在如今高度互联的企业环境中，进行“深度工作”（即高度专注、无干扰的认知聚焦）的能力正变得日益稀缺，但也愈发珍贵。大多数职场人士在工作日中都处于注意力碎片化的状态，不断地回复电子邮件和参加流于表面的会议。这种浅层工作虽然能维持日常运转，但极少能带来突破性的创新或高价值的知识产出。要培养深度工作的能力，个人必须严格规划出整块的无干扰时间，并训练大脑去抵制数字化分心事物带来的即时满足感。

  1. 第 13 题

    • AIt relies solely on importing exotic plant species from tropical regions.
    • BIt focuses on temporary plant installations during public festivals.
    • CIt integrates ecological systems directly into the structural design of buildings.
    • DIt prioritizes aesthetic appeal over functional environmental benefits.
    查看原文

    Biophilic urbanism is an architectural movement that seeks to systematically integrate nature into the built environment. Rather than merely adding decorative potted plants to office lobbies, this approach embeds ecological systems directly into building designs—such as living green walls that naturally filter indoor air, and green roofs that mitigate the urban heat island effect. Research indicates that exposure to these natural elements significantly reduces cortisol levels in residents and improves workplace productivity, demonstrating that urban density does not have to come at the expense of human well-being. [Q13] What distinguishes biophilic design from traditional urban greening, according to the speaker?

    中文翻译

    亲生物城市主义是一种旨在将自然系统地融入建成环境的建筑运动。这种方法并非仅仅在办公室大堂摆放装饰性的盆栽，而是将生态系统直接嵌入建筑设计之中——例如能够自然过滤室内空气的生态绿墙，以及能够缓解城市热岛效应的绿色屋顶。研究表明，接触这些自然元素能显著降低居民体内的皮质醇水平并提高工作效率，这证明了高密度的城市化并不一定要以牺牲人类的福祉为代价。

  1. 第 14 题

    • AAn immediate increase in consumer confidence and brand loyalty.
    • BDecision fatigue and a higher likelihood of regretting the chosen option.
    • CA complete refusal of consumers to ever purchase products again.
    • DAn enhanced ability to memorize product specifications.
    查看原文

    While classic economic theory posits that an abundance of choices maximizes consumer freedom and satisfaction, modern behavioral psychology suggests otherwise. When faced with an overwhelming array of options—whether selecting a retirement plan or a jar of jam—consumers often experience 'choice paralysis.' The cognitive load of comparing so many variables leads to decision fatigue, and if a choice is eventually made, the consumer is more likely to experience post-purchase regret, wondering if one of the unchosen alternatives would have been superior. [Q14] What is a psychological consequence of 'choice overload' as described by the speaker?

    中文翻译

    虽然经典经济学理论认为，丰富的选择能最大化消费者的自由和满意度，但现代行为心理学却表明事实并非如此。当面对多到让人不知所措的选项时——无论是选择退休养老计划还是挑选一罐果酱——消费者往往会经历“选择瘫痪”。比较如此多变量带来的认知负荷会导致决策疲劳，而且即使最终做出了选择，消费者也更有可能产生购买后懊悔的心理，怀疑那些未被选择的替代方案是否会更好。[问题14] 说话者所描述的“选择过载”会带来什么心理后果？

  1. 第 15 题

    • AIt requires expensive hardware that most schools cannot afford.
    • BIt slows down the curriculum by focusing too much on game design.
    • CIt can weaken a student's natural, internal motivation to learn.
    • DIt encourages students to compete violently against their classmates.
    查看原文

    The integration of gamification into educational software—such as awarding badges, points, and leaderboard standings—is often praised for boosting student engagement. By leveraging basic human desires for status and achievement, these platforms can motivate students to complete repetitive tasks. However, educational psychologists warn that relying heavily on these extrinsic motivators can undermine a student’s intrinsic curiosity. Once the external rewards are removed, students often show a sharp decline in their willingness to learn, suggesting that gamification may offer only a superficial, short-term fix. [Q15] What potential drawback of educational gamification does the speaker highlight?

    中文翻译

    将游戏化融入教学软件——如授予徽章、积分和排行榜排名——通常因能提高学生的参与度而受到称赞。通过利用人类对地位和成就的本能渴望，这些平台可以激励学生完成重复性的任务。然而，教育心理学家警告说，过度依赖这些外在激励因素可能会削弱学生内在的好奇心。一旦外在奖励被取消，学生的学习意愿往往会急剧下降，这表明游戏化可能只是一种表面的、短期的权宜之计。[Q15] 说话者强调了教育游戏化的哪一个潜在弊端？

第二部分

  1. 第 16 题

    • AThe psychological benefits of constant digital connectivity in modern offices.
    • BThe unintended negative impact of collaborative tools on deep work and a potential remedy.
    • CHow to design more engaging notification systems for remote employees.
    • DThe absolute failure of digital workspaces to improve overall corporate communication.
    查看原文

    While the proliferation of collaborative digital workspaces was initially heralded as the ultimate solution to corporate silos, recent ethnographic studies suggest a more nuanced reality. Instead of fostering seamless cross-departmental synergy, these platforms often inundate employees with an unrelenting stream of low-priority notifications, leading to what psychologists term 'collaborative overload.' Employees find themselves perpetually reacting to urgent but ultimately trivial pings, which severely fragments the deep, uninterrupted focus required for complex cognitive tasks. Consequently, forward-thinking organizations are now implementing 'quiet hours'—designated blocks of time during which all internal messaging platforms must be muted, thereby reclaiming space for deliberate, high-value intellectual work. [Q16] What is the main idea of the talk?

    中文翻译

    协同数字工作平台的普及最初被誉为打破企业“部门壁垒”的终极方案，但近期的人类志研究表明，现实情况并非如此简单。这些平台不仅未能促进跨部门的无缝协同，反而常常让员工深陷于源源不断的低优先级通知中，导致了心理学家所说的“协同过载”。员工发现自己整天疲于应对那些紧急却微不足道的提示音，这严重碎片化了处理复杂认知任务所需的深度、无干扰的专注力。因此，一些具有前瞻性的企业开始推行“安静时间”计划——即规定在特定时间段内必须静音所有内部即时通讯工具，以此为员工重新夺回进行深度思考和高价值智力创造的空间。

  1. 第 17 题

    • AHaving to manage too many physical projects simultaneously without supervision.
    • BThe stress of attending back-to-back physical meetings every day.
    • CBeing overwhelmed by constant, low-priority digital communication.
    • DThe failure of team members to contribute equally to group assignments.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] What does the term 'collaborative overload' refer to in the context of the passage?

    中文翻译

    （与第16题共用文章。）[第17题] 在文章语境中，“协作超载”（collaborative overload）指的是什么？

  1. 第 18 题

    • AIt prevents employees from completing complex cognitive tasks efficiently.
    • BIt encourages employees to seek employment elsewhere.
    • CIt reduces the overall number of emails sent within an organization.
    • DIt forces companies to hire more administrative support staff.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] According to the speaker, what is the consequence of fragmented focus?

    中文翻译

    （与第16题共享段落。）[第18题] 说话者认为，注意力碎片化的后果是什么？

  1. 第 19 题

    • ATo reduce the cost of maintaining expensive server infrastructure.
    • BTo encourage more face-to-face meetings among staff members.
    • CTo evaluate which employees are most active when unsupervised.
    • DTo allow employees periods of undisturbed time for deep intellectual work.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] Why are some organizations introducing 'quiet hours'?

    中文翻译

    （与第16题共用素材。）[第19题] 为什么一些组织要推行“静音时间”（quiet hours）？

  1. 第 20 题

    • AUnreservedly enthusiastic about their future developments.
    • BCompletely dismissive of their initial design intentions.
    • CAnalytical, recognizing both their initial promise and their practical drawbacks.
    • DIndifferent, as she believes physical offices will soon make them obsolete.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] What is the speaker's attitude toward collaborative digital workspaces?

    中文翻译

    （与第16题共用听力材料。）

  1. 第 21 题

    • AStrategies for mitigating the urban heat island effect through design.
    • BThe economic benefits of transition to solar energy in rural areas.
    • CThe historical development of concrete and asphalt in city building.
    • DMethods for measuring temperature differences between cities.
    查看原文

    Urban microclimates are increasingly becoming a focal point for sustainable city planning. The phenomenon known as the 'urban heat island' effect—where metropolitan areas experience significantly warmer temperatures than their rural surroundings—is exacerbated by the abundance of heat-retaining concrete and asphalt. To mitigate this, environmental engineers are advocating for the widespread integration of 'cool roofs' and urban forestry. Cool roofs, coated with highly reflective materials, bounce solar radiation back into space rather than absorbing it. When combined with strategic tree planting, which provides both shade and cooling through evapotranspiration, these interventions can lower local ambient temperatures by several degrees, substantially reducing the energy demands of air conditioning and improving overall urban livability. [Q21] What is the primary focus of the report?

    中文翻译

    城市微气候正日益成为可持续城市规划的焦点。被称为“热岛效应”的现象——即大都市地区的温度明显高于周边乡村地区——因大量蓄热的混凝土和沥青而加剧。为了缓解这一效应，环境工程师提倡广泛推广“凉爽屋顶”和城市林业。涂有高反射材料的凉爽屋顶可以将太阳辐射反射回太空，而不是将其吸收。这些干预措施如果与有计划的植树（通过蒸腾作用提供遮阳和降温）相结合，可以将局部环境温度降低数摄氏度，从而大幅减少空调的能源消耗，提升城市的整体宜居性。

  1. 第 22 题

    • ABy storing rainwater to cool the building naturally.
    • BBy reflecting solar radiation away from the building's surface.
    • CBy generating electricity to power local air conditioning units.
    • DBy absorbing heat during the day and releasing it slowly at night.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] How do 'cool roofs' function to reduce urban temperatures?

    中文翻译

    (与第21题共用听力材料) [第22题] “凉爽屋顶”是如何起到降低城市温度的作用的？

  1. 第 23 题

    • AIt offers raw materials for sustainable building construction.
    • BIt primarily serves as a barrier against strong wind currents.
    • CIt cools the air through shade and the process of evapotranspiration.
    • DIt increases biodiversity by attracting rural wildlife into cities.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What role does urban forestry play according to the passage?

    中文翻译

    [Q23] 根据短文内容，城市林业起到了什么作用？

  1. 第 24 题

    • ADecreased reliance on public transportation systems.
    • BAn increase in the value of urban commercial real estate.
    • CA reduction in the overall amount of rainfall in metropolitan areas.
    • DA significant reduction in energy consumption from air conditioning.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What is mentioned as a direct benefit of lowering local ambient temperatures?

    中文翻译

    （与第21题共用材料。）[第24题] 降低局部环境温度被提及的直接好处是什么？

  1. 第 25 题

    • AIt should prioritize expanding city borders into rural areas.
    • BIt will likely abandon concrete and asphalt entirely in favor of wood.
    • CIt must incorporate ecological considerations into architectural standards.
    • DIt should focus solely on reducing the cost of building materials.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What can be inferred about the speaker's view on future urban development?

    中文翻译

    关于说话者对未来城市发展的看法，可以推断出什么？

  1. 第 26 题

    • AA consumer shift toward simpler, natural ingredients in food products.
    • BA growing preference for highly processed foods due to convenience.
    • CA decrease in the overall consumption of packaged foods globally.
    • DAn increase in the regulatory standards for international food shipping.
    查看原文

    The rise of clean-label foods reflects a profound shift in consumer psychology, where simplicity is equated with healthfulness. Today's shoppers are increasingly scrutinizing ingredient lists, actively avoiding synthetic additives, preservatives, and multi-syllabic chemical names they do not recognize. This demand has compelled food manufacturers to reformulate legacy products, replacing artificial stabilizers with natural alternatives like starch or pectin. However, food scientists warn that this transition is far from straightforward. Synthetic additives often serve critical safety functions, such as preventing pathogens or maintaining shelf-life stability. Removing them without thoroughly validated natural substitutes can compromise food safety, highlighting a delicate tension between consumer perception and microbiological reality. [Q26] What trend is described in the opening of the passage?

    中文翻译

    清洁标签食品的兴起反映了消费者心理的深刻转变，即人们将“简单”与“健康”划上了等号。如今的消费者在购物时越来越仔细地查看配料表，主动避开人工合成添加剂、防腐剂以及他们不认识的多音节化学名称。这一需求迫使食品制造商重新调整老产品的配方，用淀粉或果胶等天然替代品来取代人工合成稳定剂。然而，食品科学家警告说，这种转变绝非易事。人工合成添加剂通常发挥着关键的安全作用，例如抑制病原体或保持保质期内的稳定性。在没有经过充分验证的天然替代品的情况下直接去除它们可能会危害食品安全，这凸显了消费者认知与微生物学实际情况之间微妙的紧张关系。

  1. 第 27 题

    • ATo reduce production costs by using cheaper ingredients.
    • BTo comply with new international bans on all synthetic chemical use.
    • CTo meet the consumer demand for recognizable, natural ingredients.
    • DTo extend the shelf life of products shipped to remote areas.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] Why are food manufacturers reformulating their legacy products?

    中文翻译

    （与第26题共用材料）[第27题] 为什么食品制造商正在重新调整其经典产品的配方？

  1. 第 28 题

    • AA severe drop in the nutritional value of the food.
    • BCompromised food safety due to shorter shelf life or pathogen growth.
    • CAn increase in the artificial sweet taste of the final product.
    • DAn inability to package the food products in recyclable materials.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] According to food scientists, what is a potential risk of removing synthetic additives?

    中文翻译

    （与第26题共用材料。）[第28题] 根据食品科学家的说法，去除合成添加剂的潜在风险是什么？

  1. 第 29 题

    • AThe dispute between food manufacturers and environmental activists.
    • BThe difficulty of balancing sweet and savory flavors in clean-label products.
    • CThe competition between domestic and imported food preservation technologies.
    • DThe gap between what consumers perceive as healthy and what is scientifically safe.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] What does the 'delicate tension' mentioned at the end of the passage refer to?

    中文翻译

    （与第26题共用文章）[第29题] 文章末尾提到的“delicate tension”指的是什么？

  1. 第 30 题

    • AObjective, presenting both the consumer driver and the scientific challenges.
    • BDismissive, treating the movement as a passing and foolish marketing fad.
    • CAlarmist, warning consumers to avoid all reformulated products immediately.
    • DCelebratory, praising food manufacturers for prioritizing health over profits.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What is the speaker's tone in discussing clean-label foods?

    中文翻译

    （与第26题共用材料。）[第30题] 说话者在讨论清洁标签食品时的语气是怎样的？

  1. 第 31 题

    • AStudents should avoid difficult subjects to maintain high motivation.
    • BTraditional studying methods are superior for long-term memory retrieval.
    • CIntroducing deliberate challenges into learning enhances long-term retention.
    • DHighlighting text is the most effective way to prepare for examinations.
    查看原文

    In educational theory, the concept of 'desirable difficulties' suggests that making the learning process more challenging can actually lead to better long-term retention. Traditional study methods, such as re-reading textbook chapters or highlighting key passages, offer a false sense of fluency; information feels easily accessible in the moment, but quickly fades. Conversely, active retrieval practices—such as self-testing, flashcards, or spacing out study sessions over time—require greater mental effort and can feel frustratingly slow. Yet, cognitive psychologists have consistently demonstrated that this cognitive strain is precisely what strengthens neural pathways, ensuring that knowledge is deeply encoded and can be flexibly retrieved in novel contexts. [Q31] What is the central message of the passage?

    中文翻译

    在教育理论中，“必要难度”（desirable difficulties）这一概念表明，让学习过程更具挑战性实际上能带来更好的长期记忆效果。传统的学习方法，如重读课本章节或标记重点段落，会给人一种已掌握的虚假熟练感；信息在当下看似容易获取，但很快就会被遗忘。相反，主动提取练习——如自我测试、使用记忆卡片或进行间隔学习——需要付出更多的脑力，而且过程可能慢得令人沮丧。然而，认知心理学家一致证实，正是这种认知紧张感增强了神经通路，从而确保知识得到深度编码，并能在新情境中被灵活提取。[Q31] 这段话的中心思想是什么？

  1. 第 32 题

    • ABecause they require students to write long summaries of the text.
    • BBecause they confuse students by presenting too many details at once.
    • CBecause they make the information seem familiar and easy to access at that moment.
    • DBecause they are only effective when done in group study sessions.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] Why do traditional study methods like highlighting give a 'false sense of fluency'?

    中文翻译

    为什么像划重点这样的传统学习方法会让人产生一种“虚假的熟练感”？

  1. 第 33 题

    • ARe-reading the same textbook chapter multiple times in one sitting.
    • BPassively listening to recorded lectures while doing other tasks.
    • CCopying notes word-for-word from a classmate's study guide.
    • DTesting oneself on the material using flashcards.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] Which of the following is cited as an example of an 'active retrieval practice'?

    中文翻译

    （与第31题共用听力材料）[第33题] 下列哪项被列举为“主动提取练习”（active retrieval practice）的例子？

  1. 第 34 题

    • AIt strengthens neural pathways and ensures deep encoding of knowledge.
    • BIt reduces the amount of sleep a student needs before an exam.
    • CIt helps students complete their homework assignments much faster.
    • DIt eliminates academic anxiety by making exams feel easier.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] According to cognitive psychologists, what benefit does 'cognitive strain' provide?

    中文翻译

    根据认知心理学家的说法，‘认知紧张’（cognitive strain）能带来什么好处？

  1. 第 35 题

    • ABy providing students with pre-highlighted textbooks to save them time.
    • BBy giving frequent, low-stakes quizzes rather than relying on passive review.
    • CBy simplifying all exam questions so that students feel successful.
    • DBy lecturing at a faster pace so students have to listen more closely.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] Based on the passage, how might an educator apply the concept of 'desirable difficulties'?

    中文翻译

    根据短文内容，教育工作者可以如何应用“有益难度”（desirable difficulties）这一概念？

  1. 第 36 题

    • AIt is much cheaper and more accessible to budget travelers.
    • BIt focuses on active improvement rather than just minimizing damage.
    • CIt discourages travelers from visiting natural environments entirely.
    • DIt is managed exclusively by international luxury hotel chains.
    查看原文

    As global tourism continues to rebound, the concept of 'regenerative travel' is emerging as the successor to sustainable tourism. While sustainable tourism merely aims to minimize damage and leave a destination unchanged, regenerative travel actively seeks to improve the host community and environment. This approach encourages travelers to participate in activities that restore local ecosystems, such as replanting degraded coral reefs, or to support business models that reinvest a direct percentage of profits into local indigenous communities. Proponents argue that by shifting the paradigm from 'do no harm' to 'make it better,' tourism can become a powerful catalyst for ecological restoration and socio-economic equity, rather than an extractive industry. [Q36] How does 'regenerative travel' differ from 'sustainable tourism' according to the passage?

    中文翻译

    随着全球旅游业的持续复苏，“再生旅游”（regenerative travel）的概念正在兴起，成为可持续旅游的后继者。可持续旅游的目的仅仅是减少破坏并保持目的地一成不变，而再生旅游则积极致力于改善当地社区和环境。这种方式鼓励旅行者参与修复当地生态系统的活动，比如重新种植退化的珊瑚礁，或者支持将部分利润直接再投资于当地原住民社区的商业模式。支持者认为，通过将观念从“不造成伤害”转变为“让它变得更好”，旅游业可以成为生态修复和社会经济公平的强大催化剂，而不是一种掠夺性行业。[问题36] 根据文章，“再生旅游”与“可持续旅游”有何不同？

  1. 第 37 题

    • AStaying in a resort that imports all of its food from overseas.
    • BLimiting travel exclusively to highly populated urban areas.
    • CReplanting degraded coral reefs to restore local ecosystems.
    • DHiring local guides without paying them standard wages.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Which activity is mentioned as an example of regenerative travel?

    中文翻译

    （与第36题共用文章。）[第37题] 哪项活动被提及作为再生旅游的例子？

  1. 第 38 题

    • AIt supports business models that reinvest profits into indigenous communities.
    • BIt guarantees that tourists will receive discounts on future trips.
    • CIt reduces the tax burden on large multinational airlines.
    • DIt encourages local youth to leave their communities for better jobs.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] What is one of the socio-economic benefits of regenerative travel?

    中文翻译

    （与第36题共用材料。）[第38题] 再生旅游带来的社会经济效益之一是什么？

  1. 第 39 题

    • AMoving from rural exploration to urban-centered sightseeing.
    • BShifting from government-funded tourism to purely private investments.
    • CTransitioning from slow travel to high-speed transport options.
    • DMoving from passive conservation ('do no harm') to active improvement ('make it better').
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What paradigm shift does the speaker advocate for in tourism?

    中文翻译

    （与第36题共用听力原文）

  1. 第 40 题

    • AIt will inevitably remain an extractive industry due to economic demands.
    • BIt has the potential to be a catalyst for restoration and social equity.
    • CIt should be restricted to prevent further damage to fragile ecosystems.
    • DIt is less important than developing local manufacturing industries.
    查看原文

    (Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What is the speaker's perspective on the role of future tourism?

    中文翻译

    （与第36题共用材料。）[第40题] 说话者对未来旅游业的作用持什么看法？

同类试卷