全民英檢高級 英語聽力測驗 模擬試題 9

While the shift to asynchronous communication has undoubtedly liberated remote teams from the tyranny of back-to-back video conferences, it has introduced a subtle cognitive tax. Employees now spend an average of two hours daily parsing overly detailed emails and project boards, attempting to decipher tone and priority without the aid of real-time cues. This perpetual state of interpretation not only induces decision fatigue but also inadvertently fosters silos, as individuals withdraw into solitary task execution to avoid the laborious process of collaborative clarification. [Q1] What is the speaker's primary concern regarding asynchronous communication?

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虽然向异步沟通的转变无疑将远程团队从接连不断的视频会议折磨中解放了出来，但它也带来了一种隐性的认知负担。员工现在每天平均要花两个小时来分析过于详细的电子邮件和项目看板，试图在没有实时线索的情况下解读语气和优先级。这种永无止境的解读状态不仅会导致决策疲劳，还会在无意中加剧孤岛效应，因为个人为了避免繁琐的协同澄清过程，会退缩到独自执行任务的状态中。

Vertical farming has been heralded as the savior of urban agriculture, promising pesticide-free, local produce grown with minimal water. However, the environmental ledger is not entirely positive. The energy required to maintain the artificial climate and constant LED lighting in these high-tech warehouses often eclipses the carbon savings from reduced transportation. Until our energy grids are fully transitioned to renewable sources, these indoor operations may simply be shifting the environmental burden from soil degradation to atmospheric emissions. [Q2] What point does the speaker make about vertical farming?

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垂直农业被誉为城市农业的救星，它承诺能以极少的水资源种植出无农药的本地农产品。然而，其环保账本并非全是利好。在这些高科技仓库中，维持人工气候和持续LED照明所需的能源，往往超过了减少运输所带来的碳减排效益。在我们的电网完全转型为可再生能源之前，这些室内种植方式可能只是将环境负担从土壤退化转移到了大气排放上。

The 'right to repair' movement has gained significant momentum, prompting manufacturers to reconsider their product design philosophies. For years, proprietary screws and glued-in batteries were the norm, effectively forcing consumers into a cycle of constant upgrades. While some tech giants argue that restricted repair access protects intellectual property and user safety, critics counter that this is merely a thin veil for planned obsolescence. The transition toward modular, user-serviceable devices represents a fundamental shift in how we define ownership in the digital age. [Q3] According to the speaker, why have manufacturers historically restricted self-repair?

中文翻译

“自主维修权”运动势头强劲，促使制造商重新审视其产品设计理念。多年来，专利螺丝和粘死电池一直是行业常态，这实际上迫使消费者陷入不断更新换代的循环。尽管一些科技巨头声称，限制维修权限是为了保护知识产权和用户安全，但批评人士反驳称，这只不过是“计划性报废”的遮羞布。向模块化、用户可自主维护设备的转变，代表着我们在数字时代对“所有权”定义的一次根本性转变。

Integrating gamification into high school curricula is often praised for boosting student engagement, yet its long-term efficacy remains questionable. When educational content is constantly wrapped in points, badges, and leaderboards, students may develop a transactional view of learning. They become conditioned to seek external rewards rather than cultivating intrinsic curiosity. Once the superficial game mechanics are removed, educators often find that the underlying motivation to explore complex topics has actually diminished. [Q4] What is the speaker's attitude toward gamification in education?

中文翻译

将游戏化融入高中课程常因能提高学生的参与度而备受赞誉，但其长期效果依然存疑。当教学内容总是被积分、徽章和排行榜包裹时，学生可能会对学习产生一种交易心态。他们会习惯于追求外部奖励，而不是培养内在的好奇心。一旦去掉这些表面的游戏机制，教育工作者往往会发现，学生探索复杂课题的内在动力实际上已经减弱了。

Fermentation is undergoing a culinary renaissance, moving far beyond traditional preservation to become a cornerstone of sustainable gastronomy. By using benign microbes to transform food waste—such as spent coffee grounds or fruit peels—into rich condiments, chefs are redefining the limits of circular dining. This process does not merely mask the undesirable textures of byproducts; it biochemically alters them, unlocking complex umami flavors that rival those of premium aged ingredients. It represents a paradigm shift where waste is no longer managed, but actively celebrated. [Q5] What is the primary benefit of fermentation highlighted in the talk?

中文翻译

发酵正在经历一场烹饪复兴，它早已超越了传统的保鲜功能，成为可持续美食的基石。通过利用有益微生物将咖啡渣或果皮等食品垃圾转化为风味浓郁的调味品，厨师们正在重新定义循环餐饮的边界。这一过程不仅能掩盖副产品不佳的口感，还能从生物化学角度改变它们，释放出堪比优质熟成食材的复杂鲜味。这代表了一种范式转变：废弃物不再是被动处理的对象，而是被主动赋予了价值并大放异彩。[Q5] 讲座中强调的发酵的主要好处是什么？

To combat the relentless influx of day-trippers, several historic European cities have initiated experimental entry fees. Critics argue these micro-taxes do little to deter affluent tourists while unfairly penalizing low-income visitors from neighboring regions. Furthermore, local shopkeepers worry that discouraging casual foot traffic will devastate small businesses that rely on impulse purchases. The consensus among urban planners is that rather than imposing flat fees, cities should implement dynamic reservation systems that distribute visitor numbers evenly across off-peak hours. [Q6] What alternative solution do urban planners prefer over flat entry fees?

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为了应对源源不断的一日游游客，几座欧洲历史名城开始试行收取入城费。批评人士指出，这些微额税费对富裕游客几乎起不到阻碍作用，却不公平地限制了来自周边地区的低收入游客。此外，当地店主担心，抑制随意的散客流量将给依赖冲动性消费的小商家带来毁灭性打击。城市规划师们的共识是，与其收取统一的费用，城市更应该推行动态预约系统，以将游客数量均匀地分摊到非高峰时段。

Imposter syndrome is frequently framed as an individual psychological flaw that employees must overcome through self-help and resilience training. However, this perspective conveniently absolves organizations of their responsibility. Environments characterized by vague performance metrics, lack of diverse representation, and a culture of hyper-competition are breeding grounds for self-doubt. To truly dismantle imposter syndrome, we must stop trying to fix the individual and start addressing the systemic ambiguity that fuels insecurity in the workplace. [Q7] According to the speaker, what is the root cause of imposter syndrome in professional settings?

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“冒充者综合征”通常被归结为员工个人的心理缺陷，认为他们必须通过自我调节和抗压培训来克服。然而，这种观点轻而易举地免除了组织应当承担的责任。如果工作环境中存在业绩指标模糊、缺乏多元化代表以及过度竞争的文化，就会成为滋生自我怀疑的温床。要想真正根除冒充者综合征，我们必须停止试图去改变个人，而是要着手解决导致职场不安全感的系统性模糊问题。[问题7] 说话者认为，职场中产生冒充者综合征的根本原因是什么？

The field of biomimicry looks to nature not just for aesthetic inspiration, but for elegant engineering solutions. Take the Namib Desert beetle, which survives in one of the aridest places on Earth by harvesting water from morning fog using its bumpy back. Engineers have analyzed the hydrophobic and hydrophilic patterns on the beetle's shell to design building facades capable of collecting moisture from the air. This biomimetic approach could revolutionize water security in drought-prone coastal regions, providing a passive, energy-free source of freshwater. [Q8] How are engineers utilizing the Namib Desert beetle's adaptation?

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仿生学领域不仅从大自然中汲取美学灵感，更致力于寻找精妙的工程解决方案。以纳米布沙漠甲虫为例，它依靠凹凸不平的背部收集清晨的雾水，从而在地球上最干旱的地方之一生存下来。工程师们分析了甲虫外壳上的疏水和亲水结构，以此设计出能够从空气中收集水分的建筑外立面。这种仿生方法可能会彻底改变易旱沿海地区的用水安全，提供一种无源、零能耗的淡水来源。[Q8] 工程师是如何利用纳米布沙漠甲虫的这一适应性特征的？

Many ambitious professionals view sleep deprivation as a badge of honor, a necessary sacrifice on the altar of productivity. Yet, neuroscience reveals this to be a profound delusion. Chronic sleep restriction severely impairs the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for executive function, risk assessment, and emotional regulation. Consequently, sleep-deprived individuals are notoriously bad at judging their own level of impairment. They may feel they are functioning optimally, while their actual performance on cognitive tests tells a starkly different story. [Q9] What paradox does the speaker point out regarding sleep-deprived individuals?

中文翻译

许多满怀抱负的职场人士将熬夜少眠视为一种荣誉勋章，认为这是为了提高效率而做出的必要牺牲。然而，神经科学研究表明，这完全是一种极其荒谬的幻想。长期睡眠不足会严重损害前额叶皮层，即负责执行功能、风险评估和情绪调节的大脑区域。因此，睡眠不足的人极不擅长评估自身的受损程度。他们可能觉得自己正处于最佳运转状态，而他们在认知测试中的实际表现却完全是另一回事。

The subscription business model has expanded from software and streaming to everyday essentials like coffee, vitamins, and even socks. While convenient, this shift exploits a psychological bias known as 'subscription inertia.' Once enrolled, consumers tend to overestimate the effort required to cancel, or they simply forget about the recurring charges altogether. For businesses, this translates to a highly predictable stream of recurring revenue, but for consumers, it often results in paying a premium for products they rarely use or no longer need. [Q10] What does the term 'subscription inertia' refer to?

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订阅商业模式已经从软件和流媒体扩展到咖啡、维生素甚至袜子等日常必需品。虽然这种转变带来了便利，但它也利用了一种被称为“订阅惯性”（subscription inertia）的心理偏差。一旦加入订阅，消费者往往会高估取消订阅所需的精力，或者干脆完全忘记了这笔定期扣除的费用。对于商家而言，这意味着高度可预测的持续性收入流；但对消费者来说，这往往导致他们为很少使用或不再需要的商品支付高昂的费用。[Q10] “订阅惯性”这一术语指的是什么？

As global temperatures rise, cities are grappling with the intensifying 'urban heat island' effect, where concrete and asphalt trap heat, making urban centers significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. While planting street trees is a popular remedy, urban planners are now advocating for 'cool roofs' and 'permeable pavements.' Cool roofs, coated with reflective materials, bounce solar radiation back into space, while permeable pavements allow water to seep through and cool the ground via evaporation. Integrating these materials into building codes is crucial for long-term climate resilience. [Q11] According to the speaker, how do 'cool roofs' help mitigate urban heat?

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随着全球气温上升，城市正面临着日益加剧的“热岛效应”：混凝土和沥青会锁住热量，导致城市中心明显比周围的郊区更为炎热。虽然种植行道树是一种常用的缓解方法，但城市规划者现在正提倡使用“凉爽屋顶”和“透水路面”。涂有反射材料的凉爽屋顶可以将太阳辐射反射回太空中，而透水路面则允许水分渗透并通过蒸发来冷却地面。将这些材料纳入建筑规范，对于长期的气候韧性至关重要。

For decades, the cognitive benefits of bilingualism were thought to be restricted to early childhood development, particularly in executive function and mental flexibility. However, longitudinal studies have now demonstrated a far more profound long-term impact: cognitive reserve. Bilingual individuals, by constantly managing two linguistic systems, build robust neural networks that can delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline symptoms by up to five years. This suggests that language learning is not just an academic asset, but a lifelong investment in neurological health. [Q12] What major benefit of bilingualism does the speaker emphasize based on recent longitudinal studies?

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几十年来，人们一直认为双语带来的认知益处仅局限于幼儿时期的发育，特别是在执行功能和思维灵活性方面。然而，纵向研究现已表明，双语具有深远得多的长期影响：认知储备。双语使用者通过不断管理两种语言系统，构建了强大的神经网络，从而能够将与年龄相关的认知衰退症状的出现延迟多达五年。这表明，语言学习不仅是一项学业优势，更是对神经系统健康的一生投资。

The integration of generative artificial intelligence into professional writing has sparked fears of widespread deskilling. If an algorithm can draft a coherent memo or proposal in seconds, critics argue, employees will lose the ability to formulate structured arguments themselves. However, this view overlooks the history of technology. Just as calculators freed mathematicians to focus on higher-level theory, AI writing assistants can liberate professionals from the drudgery of drafting, allowing them to focus on refining core concepts and ensuring strategic alignment. [Q13] What analogy does the speaker use to defend the use of AI writing assistants?

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将生成式人工智能融入专业写作，引发了人们对技能普遍退化的担忧。批评者认为，如果算法能在几秒钟内起草出一份条理清晰的备忘录或提案，员工就会失去自己进行结构化论证的能力。然而，这种观点忽视了技术发展的历史。正如计算器将数学家解放出来，让他们专注于更高层次的理论一样，AI写作助手也能将专业人员从繁重的起草工作中解放出来，让他们专注于提炼核心概念和确保战略契合。发言人使用什么类比来支持AI写作助手的使用？

Salt is so ubiquitous and inexpensive today that we easily forget its historical status as a precious commodity, once used as currency and a catalyst for empires. Historically, the primary value of salt lay not in its flavor-enhancing properties, but in its ability to dehydrate food and inhibit bacterial growth, making long-distance trade and winter survival possible. Our biological craving for salt, evolved in an environment of scarcity, now clashes with our modern food landscape of abundance, leading to widespread cardiovascular issues. [Q14] Why was salt historically considered a highly valuable commodity?

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如今，盐无处不在且价格低廉，这让我们很容易忘记它在历史上的珍贵商品地位——它曾被用作货币，也是帝国兴衰的催化剂。历史上，盐的核心价值不在于提味，而在于它能使食物脱水并抑制细菌生长，从而使远距离贸易和熬过寒冬成为可能。我们在资源匮乏的环境中进化出了对盐的生理渴望，而这种渴望如今与现代食物充裕的环境发生了冲突，导致了普遍的心血管问题。

In an increasingly digitized world, the resurgence of physical board games seems counterintuitive. Yet, this revival is not merely a nostalgic fad; it is a direct response to screen fatigue. Modern board games offer tactile engagement and face-to-face interaction that video games simply cannot replicate. They require players to negotiate, read subtle body language, and share a physical space, fostering a depth of social connection that digital platforms often promise but rarely deliver. [Q15] According to the speaker, what is driving the current popularity of physical board games?

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在日益数字化的世界中，实体桌游的复兴似乎有些反直觉。然而，这种复苏并不仅仅是一种怀旧潮流，而是对屏幕疲劳的直接反应。现代桌游提供了触觉互动和面对面的交流，这是电子游戏根本无法复制的。它们需要玩家进行沟通协商、观察细微的肢体语言并共享物理空间，从而建立起深度的社交联系——而这正是数字平台常常承诺却极少能真正提供的。根据发言者的说法，是什么推动了当前实体桌游的流行？

While conventional bioplastics derived from cornstarch or sugarcane have offered a modest reprieve from fossil-fuel dependency, they continue to draw criticism for diverting agricultural land away from food production. In response, a novel start-up has pioneered an alternative using marine microalgae cultivated in offshore bioreactors. Not only does this oceanic feedstock bypass the land-use dilemma entirely, but the resulting polymer also degrades seamlessly in cold marine environments within months, unlike its terrestrial counterparts which require industrial composting facilities to break down. This breakthrough represents a significant leap forward, though scaling up production to compete with petroleum-based giants remains a formidable logistical hurdle. [Q16] What is the primary drawback of first-generation bioplastics mentioned by the speaker?

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虽然源自玉米淀粉或甘蔗的传统生物塑料在一定程度上缓解了人类对化石燃料的依赖，但它们因占用原本用于粮食生产的耕地而持续遭受批评。为此，一家新型初创公司开创了一种替代方案，利用在离岸生物反应器中培育的海洋微藻来制造塑料。这种海洋原料不仅完全避开了土地利用的困境，而且其产生的聚合物能在几个月内于寒冷的海洋环境中自然降解，不像其陆基同类塑料那样需要工业堆肥设施才能分解。这一突破代表了重大的飞跃，不过，要扩大生产规模以与石油化工巨头竞争，仍然是一个巨大的物流障碍。

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q17] How does the new microalgae-based polymer differ in its decomposition process?

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[Q17] 这种新型微藻基聚合物在降解过程中有何不同？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q18] What does the speaker imply about the current market status of the algae-based plastic?

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关于藻类塑料目前的市场现状，发言者暗示了什么？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q19] What is the speaker's attitude toward the new marine microalgae technology?

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（与第16题共用材料）[第19题] 说话人对新型海洋微藻技术持什么态度？

(Shared passage with Q16.) [Q20] Where is the marine microalgae cultivated?

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（与第16题共用材料。）[第20题] 海洋微藻是在哪里培育的？

In today's fast-paced corporate landscape, leadership development programs frequently champion the concept of cognitive diversity—the inclusion of people with different problem-solving styles and intellectual perspectives. However, recent organizational studies suggest that simply assembling a cognitively diverse team is insufficient without establishing psychological safety. When team members fear ridicule or professional retaliation, they instinctively default to groupthink, suppressing their unique insights to conform to the dominant narrative. Therefore, facilitators must focus less on demographic quotas and more on cultivating an environment where divergent ideas are actively solicited and constructively debated. True innovation, it seems, lies not just in the variety of minds in the room, but in their willingness to disagree openly. [Q21] What is the speaker's main point about cognitive diversity in corporate teams?

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在当今快节奏的商业环境中，领导力培养项目经常倡导“认知多样性”这一概念，即吸纳具有不同问题解决方式和思维视角的人才。然而，最近的组织研究表明，如果未能建立起心理安全感，仅仅组建一个具有认知多样性的团队是远远不够的。当团队成员害怕被嘲笑或遭受职业报复时，他们会本能地陷入群体思维，压抑自己独特的见解，以迎合主流观点。因此，管理者不应过分关注人口学指标配额，而应更加专注于营造一种能够主动征求不同意见并进行建设性辩论的环境。真正的创新似乎不仅取决于团队中思想的多样性，更取决于他们公开表达不同意见的意愿。

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q22] According to the speaker, what happens when team members lack psychological safety?

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根据发言者的说法，当团队成员缺乏心理安全感时会发生什么？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q23] What should corporate facilitators focus on to foster true innovation?

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（与第21题共用听力文本。）[第23题] 企业引导者应该关注什么来促进真正的创新？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q24] What does the phrase 'default to groupthink' imply?

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（与第21题共用文章）[Q24] 短语“default to groupthink”暗示了什么？

(Shared passage with Q21.) [Q25] What is the speaker's tone throughout the talk?

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（与第21题共用文章。）[第25题] 说话者在整个讲话中的语气是怎样的？

The global citrus industry today relies heavily on a handful of commercial varieties, such as sweet oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. Yet, genomic sequencing has revealed that these familiar fruits are actually complex hybrids derived from just a few wild ancestral species: the mandarin, the pomelo, and the citron. For millennia, human migration and trade facilitated the accidental cross-pollination of these ancestral lines, resulting in the vast array of citrus we enjoy today. Unfortunately, this intensive hybridization has led to an extremely narrow genetic bottleneck, leaving modern commercial groves highly vulnerable to devastating pathogens like citrus greening disease. To safeguard the future of these crops, agricultural scientists are now returning to the wild forests of Asia to locate resilient ancestral genes. [Q26] Which of the following is identified as one of the original wild ancestral species of modern citrus?

中文翻译

如今，全球柑橘产业严重依赖少数几个商业品种，如甜橙、柠檬和葡萄柚。然而，基因组测序表明，这些我们熟知的水果实际上是由少数几种野生祖先物种衍生而来的复杂杂交种：宽皮橘、柚和香橼。数千年来，人类的迁徙和贸易促进了这些祖先谱系的偶然异花授粉，从而形成了我们今天喜爱的各种各样的柑橘类水果。不幸的是，这种密集的杂交导致了极其狭窄的遗传瓶颈，使现代商业果园极易受到柑橘黄龙病等毁灭性病原体的侵害。为了保障这些作物的未来，农业科学家现在正返回亚洲的野生森林，以寻找具有抗逆性的祖先基因。

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q27] What is the primary cause of the high vulnerability of modern commercial citrus crops?

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现代商业柑橘作物高度脆弱的主要原因是什么？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q28] Why are agricultural scientists currently searching wild forests in Asia?

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（与第26题共用文章。）[第28题] 为什么农业科学家目前正在亚洲的野生森林中进行搜寻？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q29] How did the initial hybridization of ancestral citrus species occur?

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（与第26题共用听力材料。）[第29题] 柑橘祖先物种最初的杂交是如何发生的？

(Shared passage with Q26.) [Q30] What can be inferred about modern commercial citrus fruits like lemons and grapefruits?

中文翻译

（与第26题共用听力材料。） [第30题] 关于柠檬和葡萄柚等现代商品化柑橘类水果，可以推断出什么？

The digital age has fundamentally redefined the role of university libraries, shifting their primary function from physical repositories of books to dynamic hubs of digital scholarship. Today, reference librarians spend less time locating dusty volumes and more time conducting workshops on data visualization, open-access publishing, and research data management. While critics lament the reduction of physical bookshelves to make way for collaborative study lounges and high-tech makerspaces, studies show that library utilization has actually surged. Modern students and researchers require a space that facilitates not just quiet contemplation, but active, collaborative knowledge creation. Consequently, the modern academic library is no longer defined by what it houses, but by the intellectual connections it enables. [Q31] What is the main transformation of university libraries described by the speaker?

中文翻译

数字时代从根本上重新定义了大学图书馆的角色，将其主要功能从实体藏书场所转变为数字化研究的动态枢纽。如今，咨询馆员花在查找落满灰尘的纸质图书上的时间变少了，而花在举办数据可视化、开放获取出版和研究数据管理等研讨会上的时间变多了。尽管有批评者对减少实体书架以腾出空间建设合作学习室和高科技创客空间表示惋惜，但研究表明，图书馆的利用率实际上大幅飙升。现代学生和研究人员需要的空间，不仅要能便于静心思考，还要能促进积极、协作的知识创造。因此，现代学术图书馆的定义不再取决于其馆藏资源，而取决于它所促进的知识联结。[Q31] 讲话者所描述的大学图书馆的主要转变是什么？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q32] What is a typical task of a modern reference librarian according to the passage?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用文章。）[Q32] 根据文章内容，现代参考咨询馆员的典型工作任务是什么？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q33] Why has physical bookshelf space been reduced in modern libraries?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用文章）[第33题] 为什么现代图书馆减少了实体书架的空间？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q34] How does the speaker respond to critics who regret the loss of physical bookshelves?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用文章。）[第34题] 发言人是如何回应那些对实体书架的减少感到惋惜的批评者的？

(Shared passage with Q31.) [Q35] According to the speaker, what defines a modern academic library?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用篇章。）[第35题] 根据发言者的说法，什么定义了现代学术图书馆？

Rapid urbanization has rendered traditional drainage systems increasingly obsolete, as concrete expanses prevent rainwater from naturally absorbing into the ground, leading to severe urban flooding. To counter this, urban planners are embracing the 'sponge city' paradigm, which integrates green infrastructure to capture, store, and purify rainwater. By utilizing permeable pavements, rooftop gardens, and constructed wetlands, these cities mimic natural hydrological cycles instead of merely channeling runoff away through concrete pipes. This approach not only mitigates flood risks but also replenishes depleted aquifers and creates cooler microclimates during scorching summer months. Implementing these ecological designs, however, requires a radical shift in municipal budgeting and cross-departmental collaboration. [Q36] What is the primary cause of urban flooding mentioned by the speaker?

中文翻译

快速城市化使传统的排水系统日益过时，因为大面积的混凝土铺装阻碍了雨水自然渗透到地下，从而导致严重的城市内涝。为了应对这一问题，城市规划者正在采纳“海绵城市”理念，通过整合绿色基础设施来收集、蓄积和净化雨水。通过利用透水路面、屋顶花园和人工湿地，这些城市模拟了自然的水文循环，而不是仅仅通过混凝土管道将径流排走。这种方法不仅能缓解内涝风险，还能补充已经枯竭的地下含水层，并在炎热的夏季改善微气候。然而，实施这些生态设计需要市政预算编制方式的根本性转变以及跨部门的通力合作。

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q37] Which of the following is an example of green infrastructure used in sponge cities?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用段落。）[第37题] 下列哪项是海绵城市中使用的绿色基础设施的示例？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q38] What is a secondary benefit of the sponge city design beyond flood mitigation?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用听力材料。）

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q39] What challenge does the speaker identify in implementing sponge city concepts?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用材料）[第39题] 发言者指出，在实施“海绵城市”理念时面临什么挑战？

(Shared passage with Q36.) [Q40] What does the 'sponge city' paradigm mimic?

中文翻译

（与第36题共用文章。）[Q40] “海绵城市”模式模拟的是什么？