IELTS · Pendengaran · 40 soalan

Ujian Latihan IELTS Pendengaran 4

Ujian percubaan pendengaran dan bacaan akademik yang asli, berdasarkan format IELTS yang diterbitkan.

Ini ialah ujian latihan asli yang ditulis oleh Loopy berdasarkan format yang diterbitkan. Ia bukan ujian rasmi IELTS (British Council, IDP, Cambridge).

TOEIC® dan TOEFL® ialah tanda dagangan berdaftar ETS. IELTS dimiliki bersama oleh British Council, IDP dan Cambridge English. Ujian latihan Loopy dihasilkan sendiri dan tidak bergabung dengan atau disokong oleh organisasi-organisasi ini.

Audio ujian penuh

Section 1: Everyday conversation

  1. Soalan 1

    Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for the answer. Customer's surname: ________

    Tunjukkan transkrip

    A: Good morning, Metro Appliance Services. My name is Anna. How can I help you today? B: Hi Anna. I need to request a repair for my refrigerator. It's under warranty, but it's stopped cooling properly. A: I can certainly help with that. First, let's get your details on our system. Can I have your name, please? B: Yes, it's Lukas Varga. That's L-U-K-A-S, and the last name is spelled V-A-R-G-A. A: Thank you, Mr. Varga. And do you have your customer reference number handy? B: Yes, I have it on my agreement. It's... let me see... HF-nine-double-eight-two-one. Oh, wait, sorry, that's my old one. The new one is HF-nine-eight-eight-three-one. A: Got it, HF-nine-eight-eight-three-one. Let me pull that up... Yes, I see your account. You have our Premium cover. I just need to verify your address. Is it still fourteen Brookside Avenue? B: Actually, I moved last month. I'm now at forty-two Maple Street. A: Okay, I've updated that. Now, what seems to be the issue with the refrigerator? B: Well, the freezer compartment is working fine, but the main compartment is quite warm. And there's a strange noise coming from the back, like a loud buzzing sound. A: I see. Under your Premium cover, the cost of parts and labour is fully covered. However, please note that any damage caused by food spills or blockages is not covered and would incur a call-out fee. But since it's a buzzing noise, it's likely a mechanical issue, which is fully covered. B: That's a relief. It definitely sounds mechanical. When can someone come? A: We have slots available tomorrow morning between eight and twelve, or in the afternoon between one and five. B: Tomorrow afternoon works better for me. I have a meeting in the morning. A: Perfect, I'll book you in for the afternoon slot. The technician, David, will call you about thirty minutes before he arrives. B: Excellent. Will I need to prepare anything? A: Yes, please ensure the area around the refrigerator is clear. And we'll need someone over the age of eighteen to sign the paperwork when the job is done. B: Yes, I will be home. Thank you very much! A: You're welcome, Mr. Varga. Have a good day! [Q1] Customer's surname: ________

    Terjemahan

    A: Selamat pagi, Metro Appliance Services. Nama saya Anna. Bagaimanakah saya boleh membantu anda hari ini? B: Hai Anna. Saya ingin meminta pembaikan untuk peti sejuk saya. Ia masih di bawah jaminan, tetapi ia telah berhenti menyejuk dengan betul. A: Saya pasti boleh membantu dengan perkara itu. Pertama sekali, mari masukkan butiran anda ke dalam sistem kami. Boleh saya dapatkan nama anda? B: Ya, nama saya Lukas Varga. Ejaannya L-U-K-A-S, dan nama keluarga dieja V-A-R-G-A. A: Terima kasih, Encik Varga. Dan adakah anda mempunyai nombor rujukan pelanggan anda bersama anda? B: Ya, saya ada pada perjanjian saya. Ia... sekejap saya lihat... HF-sembilan-lapan-lapan-dua-satu. Eh, nanti, maaf, itu nombor lama saya. Yang baharu ialah HF-sembilan-lapan-lapan-tiga-satu. A: Faham, HF-sembilan-lapan-lapan-tiga-satu. Biar saya cari... Ya, saya nampak akaun anda. Anda mempunyai perlindungan Premium kami. Saya hanya perlu mengesahkan alamat anda. Adakah ia masih empat belas Brookside Avenue? B: Sebenarnya, saya telah berpindah bulan lepas. Saya kini berada di empat puluh dua Maple Street. A: Baiklah, saya telah mengemas kini maklumat tersebut. Sekarang, apakah masalah dengan peti sejuk itu? B: Bahagian sejuk beku berfungsi dengan baik, tetapi bahagian utama agak panas. Dan terdapat bunyi pelik dari bahagian belakang, seperti bunyi dengungan yang kuat. A: Begitu rupanya. Di bawah perlindungan Premium anda, kos alat ganti dan upah kerja dilindungi sepenuhnya. Walau bagaimanapun, sila ambil perhatian bahawa sebarang kerosakan yang disebabkan oleh tumpahan makanan atau tersumbat tidak dilindungi dan akan dikenakan bayaran lawatan. Tetapi memandangkan ia adalah bunyi dengungan, ia berkemungkinan merupakan masalah mekanikal, yang dilindungi sepenuhnya. B: Leganya mendengarnya. Ia pastinya kedengaran seperti masalah mekanikal. Bilakah seseorang boleh datang? A: Kami mempunyai slot kosong pagi esok antara pukul lapan hingga dua belas, atau pada waktu petang antara pukul satu hingga lima. B: Petang esok lebih sesuai untuk saya. Saya ada mesyuarat pada waktu pagi. A: Bagus, saya akan tempah slot petang untuk anda. Juruteknik kami, David, akan menghubungi anda kira-kira tiga puluh minit sebelum dia tiba. B: Hebat. Adakah saya perlu menyediakan apa-apa? A: Ya, sila pastikan kawasan di sekeliling peti sejuk dikosongkan. Dan kami memerlukan seseorang yang berumur lapan belas tahun ke atas untuk menandatangani dokumen kerja apabila ia selesai. B: Ya, saya akan berada di rumah. Terima kasih banyak-banyak! A: Sama-sama, Encik Varga. Semoga hari anda menyenangkan!

  1. Soalan 2

    Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for the answer. Customer reference number: ________

    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q2] Customer reference number: ________

    Terjemahan

    Nombor rujukan pelanggan: ________

  1. Soalan 3

    Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for the answer. Current address: 42 ________ Street

    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q3] Current address: 42 ________ Street

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S1.) [S3] Alamat semasa: 42 ________ Street

  1. Soalan 4

    Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for the answer. Problem reported: a loud ________ sound from the back

    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q4] Problem reported: a loud ________ sound from the back

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S1.) [S4] Masalah dilaporkan: bunyi berdengung (buzzing) yang kuat dari bahagian belakang

  1. Soalan 5

    Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for the answer. Policy exclusion: damage from food spills or ________

    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q5] Policy exclusion: damage from food spills or ________

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S1.) Pengecualian polisi: kerosakan akibat tumpahan makanan atau ________

  1. Soalan 6

    When is the repair technician scheduled to visit Lukas?

    • Atomorrow afternoon
    • Btomorrow morning
    • Cthe following day
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q6] When is the repair technician scheduled to visit Lukas?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S1.) [S6] Bilakah juruteknik pembaikan dijadualkan melawat Lukas?

  1. Soalan 7

    Who will phone Lukas shortly before the appointment?

    • Athe support agent
    • Bthe repair technician
    • Cthe service manager
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q7] Who will phone Lukas shortly before the appointment?

    Terjemahan

    [Q7] Siapakah yang akan menelefon Lukas sejurus sebelum temu janji tersebut?

  1. Soalan 8

    What is Lukas asked to do to prepare for the visit?

    • Aturn off the appliance's power
    • Bremove all food from the freezer
    • Cclear the area around the refrigerator
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q8] What is Lukas asked to do to prepare for the visit?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S1.) [S8] Apakah yang diminta untuk dilakukan oleh Lukas sebagai persediaan bagi lawatan tersebut?

  1. Soalan 9

    What must happen when the repair is completed?

    • ASomeone aged 18 or older must sign the paperwork.
    • BLukas must pay a fixed call-out fee.
    • CThe agent must receive a confirmation email.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q9] What must happen when the repair is completed?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan Q1.) [Q9] Apakah yang mesti dilakukan apabila kerja pembaikan selesai?

  1. Soalan 10 (pilih semua yang berkenaan)

    Which TWO items are fully covered under Lukas's Premium warranty plan?

    • Acosmetic repairs
    • Brepair labour
    • Creplacement of spoiled food
    • Dmechanical parts
    • Eaccidental damage
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q1.) [Q10] Which TWO items are fully covered under Lukas's Premium warranty plan?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S1.) [S10] Manakah DUA item yang dilindungi sepenuhnya di bawah pelan waranti Premium Lukas?

Section 2: Everyday monologue

  1. Soalan 11

    Position 1 — The room immediately on your left as you walk through the main entrance

    • APottery Studio
    • BChildren's Playroom
    • CHeritage Archive
    • DCommunity Cafe
    • ETool Lending Library
    • FMulti-purpose Hall
    • GIT Suite
    • HBicycle Workshop
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    Hello everyone, and welcome to the newly renovated Greenfield Cultural Hub. My name is Sofia, and I’m delighted to show you around our upgraded facility today. Before we begin our walkthrough, let me mention that our major renovation wasn’t actually intended to expand our total visitor capacity, which was already quite sufficient, nor did we need to repair any historical structural damage since the building is perfectly sound. Instead, our primary goal was to comply with current environmental standards, particularly by upgrading our heating systems and insulation to reduce our carbon footprint by half. Now, let’s look at the layout of the ground floor so you can find your way around easily. We are currently standing in the main lobby, just inside the entrance. If you look immediately to your left, that first room is our brand-new Tool Lending Library, where members can borrow everything from drills to garden shears. Directly opposite the main reception desk, on the right side of the corridor, is a bright space. You might expect this to be the IT suite, but that’s actually been relocated upstairs; this ground-floor room is now our Pottery Studio, complete with brand-new electric kilns. Moving further down the main corridor, the large area at the very end on the far left, just beyond the glass partition, is our Community Cafe. We initially planned a children's playroom for that spot, but decided a social dining space was more urgently needed. Now, right behind the reception desk, there is a narrow room. Many people assume it's just a staff storage closet, but it actually houses our Heritage Archive, which is packed with local historical records. Finally, if you head out to the rear courtyard, you'll see an outdoor annex on the far right. We had planned to use this as a garden shed—oh, wait, let me correct myself, the garden tools are actually kept in the main building—so that outdoor annex has been fully set up as our Bicycle Workshop for public repairs. Speaking of facilities, while borrowing items from the tool library requires a small annual subscription, and we must charge for the clay and materials in the pottery studio to cover our costs, you can access the high-speed internet in the IT suite completely free of charge. The same goes for the search databases in the heritage archive, which are free for everyone to browse. Regarding our rental spaces, let's talk about the Multi-purpose Hall upstairs. While anyone can rent it, our policy offers priority booking to local non-profit groups rather than commercial entities. To use our facilities, you'll need a membership card. It is entirely free for residents living within the municipal boundary, though students from outside the area can get a discount on their registration fee. Lastly, if you'd like to help us run the centre, we have a volunteer training session. We originally planned this for Saturday morning, but we have now moved it to a Thursday evening slot to make it easier for working people to attend. Now, let’s head upstairs to see the hall... [Q11] Position 1 — The room immediately on your left as you walk through the main entrance

    Terjemahan

    Helo semua, dan selamat datang ke Hab Kebudayaan Greenfield yang baru diubah suai. Nama saya Sofia, dan saya berbesar hati untuk membawa anda melawat kemudahan kami yang telah dinaik taraf hari ini. Sebelum kita memulakan tinjauan, izinkan saya menyatakan bahawa pengubahsuaian besar-besaran kami sebenarnya bukan bertujuan untuk meluaskan kapasiti keseluruhan pelawat kami, yang sememangnya sudah mencukupi, dan kami juga tidak perlu membaiki sebarang kerosakan struktur bersejarah kerana bangunan ini berada dalam keadaan yang sangat baik. Sebaliknya, matlamat utama kami adalah untuk mematuhi piawaian alam sekitar semasa, terutamanya dengan menaik taraf sistem pemanasan dan penebat kami untuk mengukangkan jejak karbon kami sebanyak separuh. Sekarang, mari kita lihat pelan tingkat bawah supaya anda boleh mencari jalan dengan mudah. Kami kini sedang berdiri di lobi utama, betul-betul di dalam pintu masuk. Jika anda melihat ke arah kiri anda, bilik pertama itu ialah Perpustakaan Pinjaman Alatan (Tool Lending Library) kami yang serba baharu, di mana ahli boleh meminjam pelbagai barangan daripada mesin gerudi sehinggalah kepada gunting kebun. Betul-betul bertentangan dengan meja penyambut tetamu utama, di sebelah kanan koridor, terdapat satu ruang yang terang. Anda mungkin menjangkakan ruang ini sebagai suite IT, tetapi ia sebenarnya telah dipindahkan ke tingkat atas; bilik di tingkat bawah ini kini merupakan Studio Tembikar (Pottery Studio) kami, lengkap dengan ketuhar pembakar elektrik yang baharu. Bergerak lebih jauh ke bawah koridor utama, kawasan besar di penghujung sebelah kiri, di sebalik sekatan kaca, ialah Kafe Komuniti (Community Cafe) kami. Pada mulanya kami merancang untuk membina bilik permainan kanak-kanak di tempat itu, tetapi memutuskan bahawa ruang makan sosial lebih diperlukan dengan segera. Sekarang, betul-betul di belakang meja penyambut tetamu, terdapat satu bilik yang sempit. Ramai orang menganggap ia hanya stor simpanan kakitangan, tetapi ia sebenarnya menempatkan Arkib Warisan (Heritage Archive) kami, yang dipenuhi dengan rekod sejarah tempatan. Akhir sekali, jika anda keluar ke halaman belakang, anda akan melihat sebuah lampiran luar di hujung sebelah kanan. Kami telah merancang untuk menggunakannya sebagai bangsal kebun—oh, sekejap, biar saya betulkan diri saya, alatan berkebun sebenarnya disimpan di dalam bangunan utama—so lampiran luar itu telah disediakan sepenuhnya sebagai Bengkel Basikal (Bicycle Workshop) kami untuk pembaikan awam. Menyentuh tentang kemudahan, walaupun meminjam barangan dari perpustakaan alatan memerlukan langganan tahunan yang kecil, dan kami terpaksa mengenakan bayaran untuk tanah liat dan bahan-bahan di studio tembikar untuk menampung kos kami, anda boleh mengakses internet berkelajuan tinggi di suite IT secara percuma sepenuhnya. Perkara yang sama berlaku untuk pangkalan data carian di arkib warisan, yang percuma untuk dilayari oleh semua orang. Mengenai ruang sewa kami, mari kita bincangkan tentang Dewan Serbaguna (Multi-purpose Hall) di tingkat atas. Walaupun sesiapa sahaja boleh menyewanya, dasar kami menawarkan tempahan keutamaan kepada kumpulan bukan keuntungan tempatan berbanding entiti komersial. Untuk menggunakan kemudahan kami, anda memerlukan kad keahlian. Ia adalah percuma sepenuhnya untuk penduduk yang tinggal di dalam sempadan perbandaran, manakala pelajar dari luar kawasan boleh mendapatkan diskaun untuk yuran pendaftaran mereka. Akhir sekali, jika anda ingin membantu kami menguruskan pusat ini, kami mempunyai sesi latihan sukarelawan. Kami pada mulanya merancang sesi ini pada pagi Sabtu, tetapi kini kami telah memindahkannya ke slot petang Khamis untuk memudahkan golongan yang bekerja untuk hadir. Sekarang, mari kita naik ke tingkat atas untuk melihat dewan...

  1. Soalan 12

    Position 2 — The space directly opposite the main reception desk, on the right side of the corridor

    • APottery Studio
    • BChildren's Playroom
    • CHeritage Archive
    • DCommunity Cafe
    • ETool Lending Library
    • FMulti-purpose Hall
    • GIT Suite
    • HBicycle Workshop
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q12] Position 2 — The space directly opposite the main reception desk, on the right side of the corridor

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan Q11.) [Q12] Kedudukan 2 — Ruang yang bertentangan terus dengan kaunter penerimaan tetamu utama, di sebelah kanan koridor

  1. Soalan 13

    Position 3 — The large area at the end of the main corridor, on the far left

    • APottery Studio
    • BChildren's Playroom
    • CHeritage Archive
    • DCommunity Cafe
    • ETool Lending Library
    • FMulti-purpose Hall
    • GIT Suite
    • HBicycle Workshop
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q13] Position 3 — The large area at the end of the main corridor, on the far left

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S13] Kedudukan 3 — Kawasan luas di hujung koridor utama, di bahagian paling kiri

  1. Soalan 14

    Position 4 — The narrow room situated directly behind the reception desk

    • APottery Studio
    • BChildren's Playroom
    • CHeritage Archive
    • DCommunity Cafe
    • ETool Lending Library
    • FMulti-purpose Hall
    • GIT Suite
    • HBicycle Workshop
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q14] Position 4 — The narrow room situated directly behind the reception desk

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S14] Kedudukan 4 — Bilik sempit yang terletak betul-betul di belakang kaunter penyambut tetamu

  1. Soalan 15

    Position 5 — The outdoor annex located next to the rear courtyard exit, on the far right

    • APottery Studio
    • BChildren's Playroom
    • CHeritage Archive
    • DCommunity Cafe
    • ETool Lending Library
    • FMulti-purpose Hall
    • GIT Suite
    • HBicycle Workshop
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q15] Position 5 — The outdoor annex located next to the rear courtyard exit, on the far right

    Terjemahan

    (Berkongsi dengan S11.) [S15] Kedudukan 5 — Lampiran luar yang terletak bersebelahan dengan pintu keluar halaman belakang, di bahagian paling kanan

  1. Soalan 16

    What was the main reason for the recent renovations at the Greenfield Cultural Hub?

    • AC. to comply with current environmental standards
    • BA. to expand the total visitor capacity
    • CB. to repair historical structural damage
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q16] What was the main reason for the recent renovations at the Greenfield Cultural Hub?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S16] Apakah sebab utama pengubahsuaian yang dijalankan baru-baru ini di Hab Kebudayaan Greenfield?

  1. Soalan 17

    What does the speaker say about booking the Multi-purpose Hall?

    • AA. It requires a physical booking at the reception desk.
    • BB. It offers priority booking to local non-profit groups.
    • CC. It charges a higher rate for weekend slots.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q17] What does the speaker say about booking the Multi-purpose Hall?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S17] Apakah yang diperkatakan oleh penutur tentang tempahan Dewan Serbaguna?

  1. Soalan 18

    Who can obtain a membership card for free?

    • AB. full-time students at local colleges
    • BC. volunteers assisting with centre events
    • CA. residents living within the municipal boundary
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q18] Who can obtain a membership card for free?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S18] Siapakah yang boleh mendapatkan kad keahlian secara percuma?

  1. Soalan 19

    What change has been made to the upcoming volunteer training session?

    • AB. It has been moved to an evening time slot.
    • BA. It is now a compulsory requirement for all library staff.
    • CC. It will focus strictly on advanced equipment safety.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q19] What change has been made to the upcoming volunteer training session?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S19] Apakah perubahan yang telah dibuat pada sesi latihan sukarelawan yang akan datang?

  1. Soalan 20 (pilih semua yang berkenaan)

    Which TWO of the following facilities or services are free to use without any rental or material fees?

    • AA. high-speed internet in the IT suite
    • BB. materials used in the pottery studio
    • CC. tools borrowed from the lending library
    • DD. hot beverages in the community cafe
    • EE. search databases in the heritage archive
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q11.) [Q20] Which TWO of the following facilities or services are free to use without any rental or material fees?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S11.) [S20] Dua daripada kemudahan atau perkhidmatan berikut yang manakah percuma untuk digunakan tanpa sebarang bayaran sewaan atau bahan?

Section 3: Academic discussion

  1. Soalan 21

    Charcoal layer

    • Akeep it without any changes
    • Breduce the quantity used
    • Calter the preparation method
    • Dallow more duration for the process
    • Eensure uniform physical dimensions
    • Freplace with an alternative substance
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    A: Hello, Mei-Ling. Thanks for coming in. I've spent some time reviewing your draft report on the ecological soil filtration experiment. You've done some really solid work with these prototype filters. B: Thanks, Dr. Hassan. I was honestly a bit worried about the coconut husk filter. It didn't seem to drain as quickly as the charcoal one, and I actually had to repeat the trial... wait, not twice, but three times in total, because I accidentally spilled the water sample on my first attempt! A: Well, spills are just part of the learning curve in pilot testing. Let's look at the feedback for each layer of your filter setup. First, for the charcoal layer, you've demonstrated that it's excellent at removing impurities. However, the pieces you used were quite uneven, so you'll need to standardize its particle size for the final run. B: Ah, yes, some pieces were tiny and others were huge. I'll make sure they are all the same size next time. What about the coconut husk? I was thinking I might need to swap it out for a different material entirely. A: Actually, no, don't swap it. The slow drainage you mentioned is actually a benefit because it allows more contact time with the organic fibers. So, instead of replacing it, you should just extend the filtration time in your experimental protocol to let it do its job. B: Understood. I will allocate more hours for that stage. But I'm really concerned about the dried banana peels. They started to rot after only forty-eight hours. A: Yes, decomposing organic matter will ruin your filtration water. But don't throw away the concept yet. You just need to modify the drying process before you pack them into the filter. If you freeze-dry them instead of air-drying them, it should prevent that mold from forming. B: That makes sense. I can use the lab's freeze-dryer. Now, regarding the river sand layer... it got clogged up pretty quickly. Do you think I should use a coarser sand? A: The sand grade is actually fine, but the issue is you packed too much of it into the column. I'd suggest you reduce the overall volume of the sand layer to just a very thin sheet at the base. B: Right, less sand. And what about the gravel layer at the very bottom? I didn't see it doing much filtering. A: The gravel is just there to support the other layers and prevent them from washing out. It doesn't need to filter anything, so you can leave it as it is without making any changes. B: Great, that saves me some work! Let's talk about my presentation draft. I tried to cover everything, but I feel like the slides are a bit too dense with text. A: They are a bit text-heavy, yes. In your introduction, you spent a lot of slides explaining the exact chemical properties of each industrial pollutant. Since our audience is general environmental science students, you should trim down the chemistry details and instead emphasize the physical flow rates. B: Okay, I'll cut down on the chemical structures. I also worried that the flowchart of my experimental steps was a bit too basic. A: No, actually, the flowchart is excellent because it clearly labels the independent variables. I wouldn't touch it. But your results graph—the bar chart comparing the flow rates—is problematic. You started the vertical axis at ten percent rather than zero. B: Oh, right! That makes the differences between the filters look way bigger than they actually are. A: Exactly, it's misleading. Correct that visual scale so it's a fair representation. And finally, when you write your conclusion, don't just focus on which filter is the fastest. Make sure to emphasize the economic viability of the system, because the target communities need something cheap to build, even if it's slightly slower. B: I understand. I'll make sure to highlight the cost-effectiveness. Thank you so much for the guidance, Dr. Hassan! [Q21] Charcoal layer

    Terjemahan

    A: Helo, Mei-Ling. Terima kasih kerana datang. Saya telah meluangkan masa menyemak draf laporan kamu tentang eksperimen penapisan tanah ekologi. Kamu telah melakukan kerja yang sangat baik dengan prototaip penapis ini. B: Terima kasih, Dr. Hassan. Sejujurnya saya agak bimbang tentang penapis sabut kelapa. Ia nampaknya tidak mengalirkan air sepantas penapis arang, dan saya sebenarnya terpaksa mengulangi ujian... tunggu, bukan dua kali, tetapi tiga kali secara keseluruhan, kerana saya tidak sengaja tertumpah sampel air pada cubaan pertama saya! A: Baiklah, tumpahan hanyalah sebahagian daripada proses pembelajaran dalam ujian rintis. Mari kita lihat maklum balas untuk setiap lapisan persediaan penapis kamu. Pertama, untuk lapisan arang, kamu telah menunjukkan bahawa ia sangat baik dalam menyingkirkan bendasing. Walau bagaimanapun, kepingan yang kamu gunakan agak tidak sekata, jadi kamu perlu menyeragamkan saiz zarahnya untuk ujian akhir. B: Ah, ya, sesetengah kepingan sangat kecil dan yang lain sangat besar. Saya akan pastikan semuanya bersaiz sama pada masa akan datang. Bagaimana pula dengan sabut kelapa? Saya terfikir jika saya perlu menukarnya dengan bahan lain sepenuhnya. A: Sebenarnya, tidak, jangan tukar. Aliran perlahan yang kamu sebutkan itu sebenarnya satu kelebihan kerana ia membolehkan lebih banyak masa sentuhan dengan gentian organik. Jadi, daripada menggantikannya, kamu hanya perlu melanjutkan masa penapisan dalam protokol eksperimen kamu untuk membiarkannya berfungsi. B: Faham. Saya akan memperuntukkan lebih banyak masa untuk peringkat tersebut. Tetapi saya sangat bimbang tentang kulit pisang kering. Ia mula mereput selepas hanya empat puluh lapan jam. A: Ya, bahan organik yang mereput akan merosakkan air penapisan kamu. Tetapi jangan buang konsep itu dahulu. Kamu hanya perlu mengubah suai proses pengeringan sebelum memasukkannya ke dalam penapis. Jika kamu menggunakan kaedah kering-beku (freeze-dry) berbanding pengeringan udara, ia sepatutnya dapat menghalang pembentukan kulat tersebut. B: Logik juga. Saya boleh menggunakan pengering-beku di makmal. Sekarang, mengenai lapisan pasir sungai... ia tersumbat dengan cepat. Adakah Dr. rasa saya patut menggunakan pasir yang lebih kasar? A: Gred pasir sebenarnya sudah elok, tetapi masalahnya kamu memasukkan terlalu banyak pasir ke dalam turus. Saya cadangkan kamu mengurangkan keseluruhan isi padu lapisan pasir kepada hanya lapisan yang sangat nipis di bahagian dasar. B: Betul, kurangkan pasir. Dan bagaimana pula dengan lapisan batu kerikil di bahagian paling bawah? Saya tidak nampak ia melakukan banyak penapisan. A: Kerikil itu hanya berfungsi untuk menyokong lapisan lain dan mengelakkannya daripada dihanyutkan. Ia tidak perlu menapis apa-apa, jadi kamu boleh membiarkannya seperti sedia ada tanpa melakukan sebarang perubahan. B: Baguslah, itu dapat menjimatkan sedikit kerja saya! Mari kita bincangkan tentang draf pembentangan saya. Saya cuba merangkumi semua perkara, tetapi saya rasa slaid saya agak terlalu padat dengan teks. A: Ya, slaid tersebut agak padat dengan teks. Dalam pengenalan kamu, kamu menggunakan banyak slaid untuk menerangkan sifat kimia terperinci bagi setiap bahan pencemar industri. Memandangkan khalayak kita ialah pelajar sains alam sekitar umum, kamu patut mengurangkan butiran kimia tersebut dan sebaliknya memberi penekanan kepada kadar aliran fizikal. B: Baiklah, saya akan mengurangkan struktur kimia tersebut. Saya juga bimbang jika carta alir langkah eksperimen saya agak terlalu ringkas. A: Tidak, sebenarnya carta alir itu sangat bagus kerana ia melabelkan pemboleh ubah bebas dengan jelas. Saya tidak akan mengubahnya. Tetapi graf keputusan kamu—carta palang yang membandingkan kadar aliran—mempunyai masalah. Kamu memulakan paksi menegak pada sepuluh peratus berbanding sifar. B: Oh, betul! Ini membuatkan perbezaan antara penapis kelihatan jauh lebih besar daripada yang sebenarnya. A: Tepat sekali, ia mengelirukan. Betulkan skala visual tersebut supaya ia memberikan gambaran yang adil. Akhir sekali, apabila kamu menulis kesimpulan, jangan hanya menumpukan pada penapis mana yang paling cepat. Pastikan kamu menekankan kebolehlaksanaan ekonomi sistem tersebut, kerana komuniti sasaran memerlukan sesuatu yang murah untuk dibina, walaupun ia sedikit lebih lambat. B: Saya faham. Saya akan memastikan untuk menyerlahkan keberkesanan kos tersebut. Terima kasih banyak-banyak atas bimbingan ini, Dr. Hassan!

  1. Soalan 22

    Coconut husk

    • Akeep it without any changes
    • Breduce the quantity used
    • Calter the preparation method
    • Dallow more duration for the process
    • Eensure uniform physical dimensions
    • Freplace with an alternative substance
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q22] Coconut husk

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan Q21.) [Q22] Sabut kelapa

  1. Soalan 23

    Banana peels

    • Akeep it without any changes
    • Breduce the quantity used
    • Calter the preparation method
    • Dallow more duration for the process
    • Eensure uniform physical dimensions
    • Freplace with an alternative substance
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q23] Banana peels

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S21.) [S23] Kulit pisang

  1. Soalan 24

    River sand

    • Akeep it without any changes
    • Breduce the quantity used
    • Calter the preparation method
    • Dallow more duration for the process
    • Eensure uniform physical dimensions
    • Freplace with an alternative substance
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q24] River sand

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S21.) [S24] Pasir sungai

  1. Soalan 25

    Gravel layer

    • Akeep it without any changes
    • Breduce the quantity used
    • Calter the preparation method
    • Dallow more duration for the process
    • Eensure uniform physical dimensions
    • Freplace with an alternative substance
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q25] Gravel layer

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S21.) [S25] Lapisan kelikir

  1. Soalan 26

    What does Dr. Hassan suggest about the introduction of Mei-Ling's presentation?

    • AShe should reduce the detail on chemical pollutants.
    • BShe should fully rewrite the theoretical background.
    • CShe should omit the discussion of flow rates.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q26] What does Dr. Hassan suggest about the introduction of Mei-Ling's presentation?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S21.) [S26] Apakah yang dicadangkan oleh Dr. Hassan tentang pengenalan pembentangan Mei-Ling?

  1. Soalan 27

    What is Dr. Hassan's opinion of the flowchart in the methodology section?

    • AIt needs more detail on the variables.
    • BIt is effective in its current form.
    • CIt is too basic for an academic audience.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q27] What is Dr. Hassan's opinion of the flowchart in the methodology section?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi bersama Soalan 21.) [S27] Apakah pendapat Dr. Hassan tentang carta alir dalam bahagian metodologi?

  1. Soalan 28

    Why does the bar chart in the results section need to be modified?

    • AIt contains mathematical errors in the calculations.
    • BThe categories are in the wrong order.
    • CThe graphical scale distorts the comparison.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q28] Why does the bar chart in the results section need to be modified?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S21.) [S28] Mengapakah carta palang dalam bahagian keputusan perlu diubah suai?

  1. Soalan 29

    What key factor does Dr. Hassan want Mei-Ling to emphasize in her conclusion?

    • Athe economic viability of the system
    • Bthe processing speed of each filter
    • Cthe availability of local alternative resources
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q29] What key factor does Dr. Hassan want Mei-Ling to emphasize in her conclusion?

    Terjemahan

    (Berkongsi dengan S21.) [S29] Apakah faktor utama yang Dr. Hassan mahu Mei-Ling tekankan dalam kesimpulannya?

  1. Soalan 30 (pilih semua yang berkenaan)

    Which TWO things did Mei-Ling experience during the pilot stage of her project?

    • Aneeding to restart a test because of a liquid spill
    • Blosing her primary data due to a computer error
    • Cobserving mold growth on a biodegradable filter
    • Drunning out of river sand before completing the trials
    • Ereceiving complaints about the odor of the banana peels
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q21.) [Q30] Which TWO things did Mei-Ling experience during the pilot stage of her project?

    Terjemahan

    (Berkongsi dengan S21.) [S30] Apakah DUA perkara yang dialami oleh Mei-Ling semasa peringkat rintis projeknya?

Section 4: Academic lecture

  1. Soalan 31

    What does the lecturer say about the early lantern laws?

    • AThey made homeowners responsible for maintaining street safety.
    • BThey were established in the year 1580.
    • CThey exempted poorer residents from hanging lights.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    Good morning everyone, and welcome back to our series on urban history. Today, we're going to explore the social impact of early street-lighting systems, an innovation that did far more than simply illuminate dark streets; it fundamentally restructured daily human life. Now, if we look back to the late medieval period, public safety at night was treated as an individual civic duty rather than a state responsibility. Many cities introduced "lantern laws," which required residents to hang a light outside their homes during winter. Actually, there's a common misconception that this practice was first officially mandated in 1580, but records reveal it was actually introduced as early as 1414, though it wasn't systematically enforced until the late sixteenth century. Under these laws, homeowners faced fines if their candles went out, placing the burden of security entirely on private citizens. This began to change in the late seventeenth century with the introduction of public oil lamps, which were maintained by hired contractors. This transition created new jobs, most notably for "link-boys" and lamp-lighters, and it altered the nighttime economy, as people began visiting coffee houses and theatres instead of rushing home at sunset. However, this change wasn't universally welcomed: religious critics argued that artificial light interfered with the natural order of day and night, while wealthy merchants claimed that the flickering shadows cast by the lamps actually made it easier for pickpockets to operate unseen. By the nineteenth century, gas lighting revolutionized cities, but it also brought severe environmental hazards. Originally, researchers believed that the toxic runoffs from gasworks only polluted local waterways, but recent soil analyses have shown that these chemical byproducts deeply contaminated nearby farming land, rendering it sterile for decades. The social response to gas lighting was highly divided among different urban groups. For instance, the traditional night watchmen strongly opposed the technology, fearing it would make their roles obsolete and cost them their livelihoods. Conversely, factory owners enthusiastically embraced gas lamps, installing them to force employees to work long into the night, while shopkeepers saw a massive boom in evening sales as customers browsed illuminated window displays. Yet, for domestic servants, this meant their daily chores, like cleaning and preparing hearths, were pushed into the middle of the night to accommodate their employers' late-night socializing. Ultimately, the shift to municipal lighting permanently dissolved the natural boundaries of the working day, shaping the twenty-four-hour society we live in today. [Q31] What does the lecturer say about the early lantern laws?

    Terjemahan

    Selamat pagi semua, dan selamat kembali ke siri sejarah bandar kita. Hari ini, kita akan meneroka kesan sosial sistem pencahayaan jalan raya yang awal, satu inovasi yang bukan sekadar menerangi jalan-jalan yang gelap; malah ia mengubah struktur kehidupan harian manusia secara asasnya. Seterusnya, jika kita melihat kembali ke akhir zaman pertengahan, keselamatan awam pada waktu malam dianggap sebagai tanggungjawab sivik individu dan bukannya tanggungjawab kerajaan. Banyak bandar memperkenalkan undang-undang tanglung, yang mewajibkan penduduk menggantung lampu di luar rumah mereka semasa musim sejuk. Sebenarnya, terdapat tanggapan salah yang lazim bahawa amalan ini pertama kali diwajibkan secara rasmi pada tahun 1580, tetapi rekod menunjukkan ia sebenarnya telah diperkenalkan seawal tahun 1414, walaupun ia tidak dikuatkuasakan secara sistematik sehinggalah akhir abad ke-16. Di bawah undang-undang ini, pemilik rumah berdepan dengan denda jika lilin mereka padam, sekali gus meletakkan beban keselamatan sepenuhnya di bahu warga persendirian. Keadaan ini mula berubah pada akhir abad ke-17 dengan pengenalan lampu minyak awam, yang diselenggara oleh kontraktor yang dilantik. Peralihan ini mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan baharu, terutamanya bagi link-boys (budak pembawa obor) dan penyala lampu, serta mengubah ekonomi waktu malam apabila orang ramai mula mengunjungi kedai kopi dan teater berbanding bergegas pulang ke rumah semasa matahari terbenam. Walau bagaimanapun, perubahan ini tidak diterima baik oleh semua pihak: pengkritik agama berhujah bahawa cahaya buatan mengganggu aturan semula jadi siang dan malam, manakala pedagang kaya mendakwa bahawa bayang-bayang yang terhasil daripada kelipan lampu sebenarnya memudahkan penyeluk saku beroperasi tanpa dikesan. Menjelang abad ke-19, pencahayaan gas telah merevolusikan kawasan bandar, namun ia juga membawa bahaya alam sekitar yang serius. Pada asalnya, para penyelidik mempercayai bahawa sisa toksik daripada loji gas hanya mencemarkan laluan air tempatan, tetapi analisis tanah baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahawa sisa sampingan kimia ini telah mencemarkan tanah pertanian berhampiran secara mendalam, menjadikannya tidak subur selama berpuluh-puluh tahun. Tindak balas sosial terhadap pencahayaan gas sangat berbeza-beza dalam kalangan kumpulan masyarakat bandar yang berbeza. Sebagai contoh, pengawal malam tradisional menentang keras teknologi tersebut kerana bimbang ia akan menyebabkan peranan mereka tidak lagi diperlukan dan menjejaskan punca pendapatan mereka. Sebaliknya, pemilik kilang menyambut baik penggunaan lampu gas dengan memasangnya untuk memaksa pekerja bekerja sehingga lewat malam, manakala pemilik kedai pula melihat peningkatan mendadak dalam jualan malam apabila pelanggan dapat melihat barangan yang dipamerkan di tingkap kedai yang diterangi cahaya. Namun bagi pembantu rumah, ini bermakna tugas harian mereka, seperti membersih dan menyediakan tempat pendiang api, terpaksa ditangguhkan sehingga tengah malam bagi memenuhi aktiviti sosial majikan mereka yang berlangsung sehingga lewat malam. Akhirnya, peralihan kepada pencahayaan perbandaran telah melenyapkan sempadan semula jadi waktu bekerja secara kekal, sekali gus membentuk masyarakat 24 jam yang kita diami hari ini.

  1. Soalan 32

    According to the lecturer, how did the introduction of oil lamps affect city life?

    • AIt led to a decrease in nighttime criminal activity.
    • BIt stimulated social and commercial activities after dark.
    • CIt prompted residents to return home earlier in the evening.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q32] According to the lecturer, how did the introduction of oil lamps affect city life?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S31.) [S32] Menurut pensyarah, bagaimanakah pengenalan lampu minyak memberi kesan kepada kehidupan di bandar?

  1. Soalan 33

    What objection did some wealthy merchants raise against early public lighting?

    • AIt failed to provide enough illumination to prevent accidents.
    • BIt was an expensive system that required high tax rates.
    • CIt assisted thieves by creating dark, concealed areas.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q33] What objection did some wealthy merchants raise against early public lighting?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi bersama S31.) [S33] Apakah bantahan yang dibangkitkan oleh sesetengah saudagar kaya terhadap sistem pencahayaan awam pada peringkat awal?

  1. Soalan 34

    Recent soil analyses near historical gasworks have shown that

    • Atoxic byproducts damaged local farming land.
    • Bchemical pollution was confined to nearby rivers.
    • Ccoal tar levels decreased rapidly over time.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q34] Recent soil analyses near historical gasworks have shown that

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S31.) [S34] Analisis tanah baru-baru ini berhampiran loji gas bersejarah menunjukkan bahawa

  1. Soalan 35

    What does the lecturer conclude about the overall transition to municipal lighting?

    • AIt occurred at a much slower pace than is generally assumed.
    • BIt fundamentally redefined the boundaries of the working day.
    • CIt was driven primarily by environmental concerns.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q35] What does the lecturer conclude about the overall transition to municipal lighting?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S31.) [S35] Apakah kesimpulan yang dibuat oleh pensyarah tentang peralihan keseluruhan kepada pencahayaan perbandaran?

  1. Soalan 36 (pilih semua yang berkenaan)

    Which TWO consequences of the expansion of early street lighting are mentioned by the lecturer?

    • AThe creation of new types of jobs.
    • BA decline in the price of household candles.
    • CChanges in the way nighttime crimes were punished.
    • DAn increase in municipal funding for public parks.
    • EPublic opposition rooted in spiritual or natural beliefs.
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q36] Which TWO consequences of the expansion of early street lighting are mentioned by the lecturer?

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi bersama S31.) [S36] Apakah DUA kesan peluasan sistem lampu jalan peringkat awal yang disebut oleh pensyarah?

  1. Soalan 37

    worried about losing their source of income

    • AFactory owners
    • BNight watchmen
    • CShopkeepers
    • DDomestic servants
    • EStreet performers
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q37] worried about losing their source of income

    Terjemahan

    bimbang akan kehilangan punca pendapatan mereka

  1. Soalan 38

    extended the hours their staff had to work

    • AFactory owners
    • BNight watchmen
    • CShopkeepers
    • DDomestic servants
    • EStreet performers
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q38] extended the hours their staff had to work

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S31.) [S38] memanjangkan waktu bekerja yang perlu dipatuhi oleh kakitangan mereka

  1. Soalan 39

    experienced a significant increase in sales

    • AFactory owners
    • BNight watchmen
    • CShopkeepers
    • DDomestic servants
    • EStreet performers
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q39] experienced a significant increase in sales

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan Q31.) [Q39] mengalami peningkatan jualan yang ketara

  1. Soalan 40

    had to perform household duties much later than before

    • AFactory owners
    • BNight watchmen
    • CShopkeepers
    • DDomestic servants
    • EStreet performers
    Tunjukkan transkrip

    (Shared with Q31.) [Q40] had to perform household duties much later than before

    Terjemahan

    (Dikongsi dengan S31.) [S40] terpaksa melakukan tugas-tugas rumah tangga jauh lebih lewat daripada sebelumnya

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