IELTS 雅思 听力原创模拟题 8

A: Good morning, thank you for calling HomeShield Services. My name is Aisha. How can I help you today? B: Hello, Aisha. I'd like to book a repair for an appliance under my service plan. My name is Tomas Pekarek — that's T-O-M-A-S, and the surname is spelled P-E-K-A-R-E-K. A: Thank you, Mr Pekarek. Let me pull up your account on our system. Do you happen to have your policy number handy? B: Yes, it's TX-8422... oh, sorry, I read the wrong line on my membership card. It's actually TX-8412. A: No problem. Let me read that back to confirm: T-X-8-4-1-2. Is that correct? B: Yes, that's it. And the appliance that needs fixing is my washing machine. It was working fine yesterday, but now it has a problem. A: I see. And what exactly is the fault you are experiencing? B: Well, at first I thought it was just noisy during the spin cycle, but this morning I noticed water is leaking from the bottom. A: Oh dear, that does sound like it needs looking at. We'll need to schedule a technician to visit. Let me check the schedule... I have an opening this Wednesday morning... oh, wait, that slot's just been booked. The earliest available now is Thursday afternoon. Does that work for you? B: Thursday is fine, I can work from home that day. What about the repair cost? Is it covered under my plan? A: Yes, your basic plan covers both parts and labour. However, please note there is a standard call-out fee of thirty-five pounds which you'll need to pay. B: Okay, that's reasonable. Do I need to prepare anything, and where should the technician park? A: Please make sure you empty the machine's drum before they arrive. You don't need to unplug it from the wall, and don't worry about cleaning up the floor. For parking, please don't use the visitor bays or park on the main road; they should park in your driveway. Also, when they arrive, you must show them some photo ID and a utility bill. B: Got it. Driveway parking, empty drum, photo ID and a utility bill. Thank you, Aisha! A: You're very welcome, Tomas. We'll see you on Thursday. Have a great day! [Q1] Surname: ________

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A：早上好，感谢致电HomeShield Services。我是Aisha。请问今天有什么可以帮您？ B：你好，Aisha。我想根据我的服务计划预约一次家电维修。我的名字是Tomas Pekarek——名字拼写是T-O-M-A-S，姓氏拼写是P-E-K-A-R-E-K。 A：谢谢您，Pekarek先生。我来在系统中调出您的账户。请问您手边有您的保单号吗？ B：有的，是TX-8422……噢，抱歉，我读错会员卡上的行了。实际上是TX-8412。 A：没关系。我再念一遍向您确认：T-X-8-4-1-2。对吗？ B：是的，没错。需要修理的电器是我的洗衣机。昨天还用得好好的，但现在出问题了。 A：明白了。具体是什么故障呢？ B：嗯，起初我以为只是脱水时噪音大，但今天早上我发现底部在漏水。 A：哎呀，听起来确实需要检查一下。我们需要安排一位技术人员上门。我来看看日程表……本周三上午有一个空档……噢，等等，那个时段刚刚被预订了。现在最早可用的是周四下午。您方便吗？ B：周四可以，那天我可以在家办公。维修费用怎么算？我的计划里包含这项费用吗？ A：是的，您的基础计划包含配件费和人工费。不过请注意，您需要支付35英镑的标准上门费。 B：好的，这很合理。我需要准备什么吗？技术人员应该把车停在哪儿？ A：请确保在他们到达之前清空洗衣机的滚筒。您不需要拔掉电源插头，也不用担心清理地板。至于停车，请不要使用访客车位或停在主路旁，他们应该停在您的车道上。另外，当他们到达时，您必须向他们出示带有照片的身份证件和一张水电账单。 B：明白了。车道停车、清空滚筒、带照片的身份证件和水电账单。谢谢你，Aisha！ A：不客气，Tomas。我们周四见。祝您度过愉快的一天！

(Shared with Q1.) [Q2] Policy number: ________

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（与第1题共用）[Q2] 保单号：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q3] Type of appliance: ________

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（与第1题共用音频。）[Q3] 电器类型：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q4] Current fault: water is ________ from the bottom

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（与Q1共用）[Q4] 当前故障：水正从底部________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q5] Scheduled day for repair: ________

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（与第1题共用录音。）[Q5] 预定的维修日期：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q6] What is covered under Tomas's basic service plan?

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（与第1题共用音频。）[Q6] 托马斯的基础服务计划涵盖了什么内容？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q7] How much is the standard call-out fee?

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（与第1题共用音频。）[Q7] 标准上门服务费是多少？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q8] What must Tomas do before the technician arrives?

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（与第1题共用音频。）[Q8] 在技术人员到达之前，托马斯必须做什么？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q9] Where is the technician advised to park their vehicle?

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（与第1题共用音频。） [第9题] 建议技术人员将车辆停放在哪里？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q10] Which TWO items of documentation must Tomas show the technician?

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（与第1题共用音频。）[第10题] 托马斯必须向技术人员出示哪两份证明文件？

Hello everyone, and a very warm welcome to the Greenwood Eco-Hub. My name is Tomas, and I’ll be guiding you around our community garden today. Before we start exploring, let me help you get your bearings using the map on your brochures. We are currently standing at the main entrance gates on the south side of the garden, with the central pathway stretching directly ahead of us to the north. As you step through these gates, on your immediate right, you'll see a wooden building. This is our Demonstration Kitchen, where we host popular weekend cooking workshops using freshly harvested crops. On the left side of the path, directly opposite the kitchen, there's a smaller wooden shed. Now, we initially planned to store our seed collection here, but we realized we needed a secure place for our gear, so this is actually our Tool Shed, where volunteers can borrow gardening equipment. If you continue straight up the central path, you'll reach a main junction. Turning left at this junction and following the path all the way to the far western corner leads you to the Rainwater Harvesting Station. It sits right next to the boundary wall, catching water from the roof of the greenhouse which is situated just to its right. Now, returning to the junction, if you take the eastern path instead, you'll see a large fenced area on your left. This is the Children's Play Area, which keeps the younger ones safe and occupied while their parents are gardening. Finally, at the very end of this eastern path, tucked away in the far north-east corner, is our Indoor Propagation Room. We did contemplate putting our Compost Depot in that quiet corner, but we decided it was much more practical to have the compost closer to the main planting beds along the central path. So, yes, that northeast corner is where we protect our delicate young seedlings. Now, let me share a few details about how you can get involved. Our standard annual membership is highly popular. For just twenty dollars a year, you get full access to our tools and resources, and you receive a fifteen percent discount on all our weekend workshops. Unfortunately, we can't offer free seed packets anymore due to budget cuts, and our complimentary soil testing is limited to once a year rather than being unlimited, but the workshop discount alone makes it incredibly worthwhile. If you'd like to help out as a volunteer, we run work bees every Saturday morning from nine to twelve. We always have plenty of weeding to do, but this Saturday we are focusing on repairing the raised timber beds, which have started to rot. We had scheduled a session to paint the main boundary fence, but because of the heavy rain forecast, we've had to postpone that until next month. To sign up for any of these sessions or workshops, please don't look at our old social media page, as we haven't updated it in months. You can write your name down on the physical clipboard in the volunteers' lounge, but the most reliable and up-to-date schedule is always posted on our official website, where you can also reserve your spot online. When you do come along to garden with us, please remember a few house rules. While we encourage everyone to taste the fresh herbs, please do not pick any fruit or vegetables on your own, even if they look completely ripe. Only our designated garden leaders are authorized to harvest the main crops, which we then distribute at our Sunday markets. Lastly, regarding what to bring: we supply all the spades and hand tools you will need, and we have large bottles of sunscreen by the gate for everyone to use. However, for hygiene reasons, we do not provide gardening gloves, so please ensure you bring your own pair. Also, while we have drinking water taps, we don't supply paper cups, so a reusable water bottle is essential to keep yourself hydrated. Right, let's head down the path and take a closer look! [Q11] Position 1 — On the immediate right as you enter the main gates

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大家好，热烈欢迎来到格林伍德生态中心（Greenwood Eco-Hub）。我叫托马斯（Tomas），今天将由我带领大家参观我们的社区花园。在开始游览之前，我先对照大家宣传册上的地图帮大家确认一下方向。我们现在正站在花园南侧的主入口大门处，中间的步道在我们正前方一直向北延伸。当你走进大门，在你的右手边紧邻着就会看到一栋木质建筑。这就是我们的示范厨房（Demonstration Kitchen），我们会在这里举办深受欢迎的周末烹饪工坊，使用新鲜采摘的农作物进行烹饪。在步道的左侧，也就是厨房的正对面，有一个较小的木棚。我们最初计划在这里存放收集的种子，但后来意识到我们需要一个安全的地方来存放装备，所以这里实际上是我们的工具棚（Tool Shed），志愿者可以在这里借用园艺工具。如果你沿着中间的步道继续直行，就会到达一个主交叉路口。在这个路口左转，沿着小路一直走到最西角，就会到达雨水收集站（Rainwater Harvesting Station）。它紧邻着围墙，用来收集右侧温室屋顶的雨水。现在回到路口，如果改走东侧的步道，你会看到左手边有一个很大的围栏区域。这是儿童游乐区（Children's Play Area），在家长们打理园艺时，可以让孩子们在这里安全地玩耍。最后，在这条东侧步道的尽头，隐藏在最东北角的是我们的室内育苗室（Indoor Propagation Room）。我们确实曾考虑过把堆肥站（Compost Depot）建在那个安静的角落，但我们认为把堆肥放在靠近中间步道的主种植床附近要实用得多。所以，是的，那个东北角就是我们保护娇嫩幼苗的地方。下面，我来和大家分享一些关于如何参与进来的细节。我们的标准年度会员非常受欢迎。每年只需20美元，您就可以完全使用我们的工具和资源，并享受所有周末工坊的八五折（15%）优惠。遗憾的是，由于预算削减，我们无法再提供免费的种子包，而且我们的免费土壤检测也限制为每年一次，而不是无限次，但仅凭工坊的优惠就已经非常划算了。如果您想作为志愿者来帮忙，我们每周六上午9点到12点都会组织义务劳动。我们总是有很多除草的工作要做，但本周六我们的重点是修复已经开始腐烂的抬升式木质种植床。我们原本安排了一次给主围墙刷漆的活动，但由于预报有暴雨，我们不得不将其推迟到下个月。想要报名参加任何活动或工坊，请不要看我们旧的社交媒体页面，因为我们已经好几个月没有更新了。您可以在志愿者休息室的纸质手写板上写下您的名字，但最可靠、最新的日程表总是公布在我们的官方网站上，您也可以在网上预留名额。当您来和我们一起做园艺时，请记住几条内部规则。虽然我们鼓励大家品尝新鲜的草药，请不要自行采摘任何蔬菜或水果，即使它们看起来已经完全成熟。只有我们指定的园艺负责人有权收割主要作物，然后我们会在周日市集上进行分发。最后，关于需要带什么：我们提供您所需的所有铁锹和手工具，并且在大门旁放有大瓶防晒霜供大家使用。然而，出于卫生原因，我们不提供园艺手套，所以请务必自备一双。此外，虽然我们有饮用水龙头，但不提供纸杯，因此自备便携式水杯对于保持水分至关重要。好了，让我们沿着步道走，去近距离看一看吧！

(Shared with Q11.) [Q12] Position 2 — On the left of the path, directly opposite the kitchen

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（与第11题共用音频。）[第12题] 位置2 —— 位于小路左侧，正对厨房

(Shared with Q11.) [Q13] Position 3 — In the far western corner, to the left of the greenhouse

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（与第11题共享音频。）[第13题] 位置3 — 最西角，温室的左侧

(Shared with Q11.) [Q14] Position 4 — The fenced area along the left side of the eastern path

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（与第11题共用音频。）[Q14] 位置 4 —— 东侧小路左侧带围栏的区域

(Shared with Q11.) [Q15] Position 5 — Tucked away in the far north-east corner

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（与第11题共用音频。）[Q15] 位置5——隐蔽在最东北角

(Shared with Q11.) [Q16] What is a benefit of the standard annual membership?

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（与第11题共用音频。）[Q16] 标准年度会员享有什么福利？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q17] What is the main volunteering task scheduled for this Saturday?

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（与第11题共用）[Q17] 本周六安排的主要志愿服务任务是什么？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q18] How should visitors find the most up-to-date workshop schedule?

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（与第11题共用音频。）[Q18] 访客应该如何获取最新的工作坊日程表？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q19] What is the rule regarding harvesting crops in the garden?

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（与第11题共用音频。）[第19题] 关于在花园里采摘农作物有什么规定？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q20] Which TWO items are visitors asked to bring themselves when attending a gardening session?

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（与第11题共享。）[Q20] 在参加园艺活动时，访客需要自行携带哪两样物品？

A: Good morning, Tomas. Come on in. I've had a look through the draft report on your seed germination experiment, the one with the organic compost mixtures. B: Thanks, Dr. Ingrid. I was a bit anxious about the results section, actually. I hope the data on the soil blends made sense. A: It did, mostly. Your methodology was solid, but we need to refine how you present the findings and plan the next steps. Let’s look at the feedback on the five specific chapters first, shall we? I've made some notes on what to change, what to keep, and what to cut. B: Great. Let's start with the Literature Review. I thought I might need to expand that section with more recent studies on seedling growth. A: Actually, no, it's already quite long. In fact, you've over-explained the basic chemical processes of compost. You should condense that part significantly. Keep the citations of course, but don't go into detail about every single chemical reaction. B: Oh, okay. I'll trim down the chemistry details then. What about the Methodology chapter? I wasn't sure if the description of the temperature controls was clear enough. I initially wrote about the automated greenhouse system, but then I simplified it. A: The temperature details are perfect as they are. But the section on your soil mixture ratios is a bit confusing. You've used percentages in some paragraphs and ratios in others. You need to make sure the measurements are consistent throughout. Stick to just ratios. B: Right, consistency is key. I'll rewrite that so it's all ratios. And for the Results section? I made those three-dimensional bar charts... I thought they looked quite professional. A: Well, they look fancy, but they are actually quite hard to read. A simple two-dimensional line graph would show the daily growth rate much more clearly. Let's change those charts entirely. B: That makes sense. Simpler is better. And the Discussion chapter? I tried to compare my results with the 2018 study by Miller. A: Yes, that comparison was excellent and highly relevant. Don't touch that part. But you did suggest some very ambitious theories about global agricultural trends based on just twenty seedlings. That's a bit of a stretch! You must remove those sweeping generalizations and keep the discussion focused strictly on your local data. B: Ah, yes, I got a bit carried away there. I'll delete the global claims. Lastly, the Conclusion and future work section. I suggested doing a field trial next semester. A: A field trial is a brilliant idea, and your outline of how to set that up is spot on. Keep that exactly as it is. It really shows you're thinking like a researcher. B: Fantastic, I'm glad that part worked. Now, looking at the project as a whole, what should be my main priority for the final revision? I mean, apart from editing those sections. A: Well, your overall academic writing style is good, but you need to be careful with your terminology. You kept using the term 'growth rate' when you actually measured 'total height'. That's a fundamental distinction in plant biology, you see. B: Oh, of course! Rate implies height over time, but I only measured the final... oh, wait, I did record weekly changes, but yes, you're right, my calculations were only for the final height on day fourteen. I'll correct that term throughout. A: It’s a common oversight. Also, regarding the layout of the appendix—you've put the raw data tables in a separate document. Let's make sure they are attached directly at the very end of your main report, not sent as an email attachment. B: Got it. I'll merge them into the appendix of the main file. Thank you, Dr. Ingrid. This gives me a clear checklist to work with. [Q21] Literature Review

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A：早上好，托马斯。快请进。我已经看过了你关于种子发芽实验的报告草稿，就是使用有机混合肥料的那个。 B：谢谢您，英格丽德博士。其实我之前对“结果”部分有点忐忑。希望关于混合土壤的数据能说得通。 A：大部分是说得通的。你的方法论很扎实，但我们需要优化你呈现研究结果的方式，并规划好下一步的工作。我们先来看看针对这五个具体章节的反馈吧？我已经做了一些笔记，标注了哪些地方需要修改、保留和删减。 B：太好了。那我们先从“文献综述”开始吧。我原本以为我需要增加一些关于幼苗生长的最新研究来充实这一部分。 A：实际上不用，这部分已经挺长了。事实上，你对堆肥的基本化学过程解释得过于冗长。你应该大幅压缩那部分内容。当然，文献引用要保留，但不要去详细描述每一个化学反应。 B：噢，好的。那我就删减一下化学细节。那“方法论”这一章呢？我不确定关于温度控制的描述是否足够清晰。我起初写了自动化温室系统，但后来简化了它。 A：温度细节现在这样就非常完美。但是关于土壤混合比例的那部分有点让人困惑。你在有些段落里用了百分比，而在另一些段落里用了比例。你需要确保整篇报告中的测量单位和表示方法保持一致。全部用比例。 B：对，一致性至关重要。我会重新写那部分，全部改成比例。那“结果”部分呢？我制作了那些三维柱状图……我觉得它们看起来挺专业的。 A：嗯，它们看起来很花哨，但实际上很难读懂。一个简单的二维折线图能更清晰地展示每日生长率。我们把那些图表完全换掉吧。 B：有道理。越简单越好。那“讨论”那一章呢？我尝试将我的结果与米勒2018年的研究进行了对比。 A：是的，那个对比写得非常好，而且切中要害。那部分不要动。但是，你仅仅根据20株幼苗就提出了关于全球农业趋势的宏大理论，这有点太牵强了！你必须删掉那些笼统的概括，让讨论严格聚焦在你的本地数据上。 B：啊，是的，我当时有点兴奋过度了。我会删掉关于全球趋势的内容。最后是“结论与未来工作”部分。我建议下学期进行田间试验。 A：田间试验是个绝妙的主意，而且你对如何开展试验的规划非常准确。那部分原封不动地保留。这确实表明你在像一个研究人员一样思考。 B：太棒了，很高兴那部分没问题。现在，从整个课题的角度来看，我最终修改的核心任务应该是什么？我是指除了编辑这几个章节之外。 A：嗯，你的整体学术写作风格不错，但你需要注意专业术语的使用。你实际测量的是“总高度”，却一直在使用“生长率”这个词。你要知道，这在植物生物学中是一个根本性的区别。 B：噢，确实是！生长率意味着高度随时间的变化，但我只测量了最终的……哦，等等，我确实记录了每周的变化，但是没错，您说得对，我的计算只是针对第14天的最终高度。我会把整篇报告中的这个术语都纠正过来。 A：这是常见的疏忽。另外，关于附录的排版——你把原始数据表放在了一个单独的文件里。我们要确保它们直接附在主报告的最末尾，而不是作为电子邮件的附件发送。 B：明白。我会把它们合并到主文件的附录中。谢谢您，英格丽德博士。这给了我一个清晰的修改清单。

(Shared with Q21.) [Q22] Methodology

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（与第21题共用材料。） [Q22] 研究方法

(Shared with Q21.) [Q23] Results

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(与第21题共用) [Q23] 结果部分

(Shared with Q21.) [Q24] Discussion

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（与第21题共用）[Q24] 讨论部分

(Shared with Q21.) [Q25] Conclusion and Future Work

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（与第21题共用音频）[第25题] 结论与展望

(Shared with Q21.) [Q26] What error did Tomas make regarding biological terminology in his report?

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（与第21题共用音频。）[第26题] 托马斯在报告中犯了什么关于生物学术语的错误？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q27] Where does Dr. Ingrid suggest placing the raw data tables?

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（与第21题共用。）[第27题] 英格丽德博士建议将原始数据表放在哪里？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q28] What was Tomas's initial concern about the Methodology section?

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（与第21题共用。）[第28题] 托马斯最初对“研究方法”（Methodology）部分有什么顾虑？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q29] Why does Dr. Ingrid criticize Tomas's 3D bar charts in the Results section?

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（与第21题共用。）[第29题] 为什么英格丽德博士批评了托马斯在“结果”部分使用的3D柱状图？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q30] Which TWO aspects of Tomas's draft report does Dr. Ingrid praise?

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英格丽德：……但我确实觉得学术写作风格非常好——事实上，整体衔接和语气都非常专业。 托马斯：噢，谢谢。我一直在这方面下功夫…… 英格丽德：我也很喜欢你将自己的工作与其他文献（例如米勒2018年的研究）联系起来的方式。 托马斯：…… 英格丽德：不过，有几处地方你需要重新考虑一下……你必须小心使用三维柱状图。它们看起来可能有点华而不实，标准的二维图表要好得多……而且，你在基础化学过程上写了太多细节……再看看关于未来实地试验的部分，我认为你提出的预算相当不切实际……

Good afternoon, everyone. Today we're exploring a seemingly mundane element of our urban landscape: the public bench. Originally, municipal authorities didn't install these benches in parks merely as convenient spots to catch one's breath. Rather, they saw them as tools of social reform, aiming to offer wholesome open-air recreation that might lure working-class families away from local drinking establishments. Now, historical accounts often claim these heavy, standardized benches made their debut in London's royal parks in 1855. But in fact, that trial actually took place in Paris in 1855, and it wasn't until three years later, in 1858, that London officially integrated them into its own green spaces. With the rise of industrial foundries, cast-iron ends became the norm; this wasn't just about durability or making repairs cheaper—which actually remained quite costly—but about civic identity, as foundries cast elaborate municipal crests and local symbols directly into the metal frames. In recent decades, however, we’ve witnessed the rise of what urban planners call 'defensive architecture'—think of center armrests or severely sloped seats. Proponents claim these prevent anti-social behavior, but in my view, by actively deterring marginalized groups from resting, such modifications fundamentally strip these spaces of their democratic and inclusive purpose. Interestingly, a recent environmental psychology study examined how bench orientation affects user experience. Benches facing a bustling walking path, rather than a quiet garden bed, were highly preferred; because instead of feeling exposed, users reported a strong sense of security, deriving comfort from the passive observation of passing crowds—what we call 'people-watching'. During a landmark observational study in Williamson Square, researchers noted several intriguing behavioral patterns: they found that solitary sitters almost invariably claim the absolute ends of an empty bench, leaving the middle unoccupied as a buffer, and they also observed that people adjusted their seating angles throughout the day, shifting their bodies to follow or avoid direct sunlight. Now, let's turn our attention to how bench design has mirrored changing societal values across different periods. During the mid-twentieth century, municipal design shifted toward utilitarianism; cities favored heavy, brutalist benches constructed from poured concrete and plain steel plates, prioritizing low maintenance above all else. In stark contrast, the late twentieth century saw the emergence of the Scandinavian cooperative style, which arranged seats in circular clusters rather than straight lines, specifically to foster community interaction and face-to-face dialogue. Fast forward to the modern defensive era, and we see the rise of benches featuring sloped seats and multiple metallic dividers, designed to restrict how people can sit or lie down. Fortunately, the latest trend is far more welcoming: the contemporary eco-design movement, where designers utilize recycled, locally-sourced timber to create organic forms that harmonize with nature, proving that sustainability and social comfort can go hand in hand. [Q31] Why were public benches first introduced on a large scale in mid-19th century European parks?

中文翻译

大家下午好。今天我们将探讨一个看似平凡的城市景观元素：公共长椅。起初，市政当局在公园里安装这些长椅，并不仅仅是为了给人们提供一个歇脚的便利场所。相反，他们将其视为社会改革的工具，旨在提供健康的户外娱乐，从而吸引工薪阶层家庭远离当地的饮酒场所。如今，历史记载往往声称这些沉重的标准化长椅于1855年首次出现在伦敦的皇家公园中。但事实上，那一尝试实际上是在1855年的巴黎进行的，直到三年后的1858年，伦敦才正式将它们融入自己的绿地空间。随着工业铸造厂的兴起，铸铁椅脚成为了常态；这不仅是为了耐用性或降低维修成本（实际上维修费用仍然相当昂贵），更是为了展现城市认同感，因为铸造厂会将精致的市政徽章和地方象征直接铸造在金属框架上。然而，近几十年来，我们目睹了城市规划者所谓的“防御性建筑”的兴起——想想中间的扶手或倾斜度极大的座位。支持者声称这些可以防止反社会行为，但在我看来，通过主动阻碍边缘群体休息，此类改动从根本上剥夺了这些空间所承载的民主与包容宗旨。有趣的是，最近一项环境心理学研究探讨了长椅朝向如何影响用户体验。相比于面对安静的花坛，面对繁华步行道的长椅更受欢迎；因为使用者表示，他们并没有感到暴露在众目睽睽之下，反而有一种强烈的安全感，并从对过往人群的被动观察（也就是我们所说的“看人”）中获得抚慰。在威廉逊广场进行的一项具有里程碑意义的观察性研究中，研究人员注意到几种有趣的行行为模式：他们发现，独自落座的人几乎总是会选择空长椅的最两端，留出中间作为缓冲地带；他们还观察到，人们会在一天中调整自己的坐姿角度，移动身体以追随或避开直射的阳光。现在，让我们把注意力转向长椅设计如何反映不同时期不断变化的社会价值观。在20世纪中叶，市政设计转向了功利主义；城市更青睐由浇筑混凝土和普通钢板制成的沉重、野兽派风格的长椅，将低维护成本视为重中之重。与此形成鲜明对比的是，20世纪末出现了斯堪的纳维亚合作风格，它将座椅排列成圆形集群，而不是直线，专门为了促进社区互动和面对面的交流。快进到现代防御时代，我们看到带有倾斜座位和多个金属隔板的长椅兴起，这些设计旨在限制人们坐下或躺下的方式。幸运的是，最新的趋势要温和得多：当代生态设计运动，设计师利用回收的、本地采购的木材创造出与自然和谐共处的有机形态，证明了可持续性与社会舒适度可以齐头并进。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q32] What does the lecturer say about the debut of mass-produced park benches?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用音频。）[第32题] 关于批量生产的公园长椅的首次亮相，主讲人是怎么说的？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q33] According to the lecturer, how did the introduction of cast-iron ends affect bench manufacturing?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用音频。）[Q33] 根据演讲者的说法，铸铁侧边的引入对长椅的制造产生了怎样的影响？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q34] What is the lecturer's view on modern "defensive design" features on benches?

中文翻译

（与第31题共用音频。）[第34题] 讲座人对长椅上现代“防御性设计”特征持何种看法？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q35] A study on bench orientation showed that seats facing a busy pathway...

中文翻译

（与第31题共用音频。）[第35题] 一项关于长椅朝向的研究表明，面向繁忙通道的座位……

(Shared with Q31.) [Q36] Which TWO social behaviors did researchers observe in the Williamson Square bench study?

中文翻译

（与第31题共享音频。）[第36题] 研究人员在威廉森广场长椅研究中观察到了哪两种社会行为？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q37] Benches made primarily of recycled, locally-sourced timber.

中文翻译

（与第31题共用音频。）[Q37] 主要由回收利用的本地木材制成的长椅。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q38] Seating arranged in circular clusters to promote community conversation.

中文翻译

（与第31题共享音频。）[Q38] 座椅呈环形分组摆放，以促进社区交流。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q39] Heavy benches constructed from concrete and plain steel plates.

中文翻译

（与第31题共享）[Q39] 由混凝土和普通钢板制成的沉重长椅。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q40] Benches featuring sloped seats and multiple metallic dividers.

中文翻译

（与第31题共用）[Q40] 配有倾斜座面和多个金属分隔件的长椅。