Jane Goodall: The Voice of the Chimps珍·古道尔：黑猩猩之声
完整音频预览
0:00
0:00
EN： The verb 'observe' is a verb of perception. When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it describes an action in progress that the subject witnessed.
中文： 动词 'observe'（观察）是感官动词的一种。当后面接宾语和现在分词（V-ing）时，用来描述主语目击了正在进行的动作。
I observed the birds building their nest in the tree.
我观察到鸟儿们正在树上筑巢。
EN： The past perfect tense (had + past participle) is used here within a relative clause to indicate that the naming of the chimpanzee happened before the observation took place.
中文： 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）在此处的定语从句中使用，表示「命名」这只黑猩猩的动作发生在「观察」到它之前。
He lost the watch that his father had given him.
他弄丢了那只他父亲之前送给他的手表。
EN： Jane Goodall's decision to name the chimpanzees (like David Greybeard) instead of numbering them was a major shift in primatology. It acknowledged their individual identities and emotional lives, which was initially seen as unscientific by the academic community.
中文： 珍·古德決定為黑猩猩命名（如大衛·灰鬍子）而非編號，是靈長類動物學的一個重大轉變。這承認了牠們的個體身份和情感生活，這在當時最初被學術界視為不科學的做法。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason or cause for the main action or state.
中文： 连词 'because' 用于引导状语从句，用来解释主句动作或状态的原因或理由。
He stayed home because it was raining heavily.
他待在家里，因为雨下得很大。
EN： The past simple tense 'believed' is used here to describe a state or opinion that existed in the past, often implying that the belief has since changed.
中文： 一般过去时 'believed' 在此用于描述过去存在的状态或观点，通常暗示该观念后来已经改变了。
People once believed that the Earth was flat.
人们曾经相信地球是平的。
EN： In the mid-20th century, tool-making was considered the defining characteristic of 'Man the Toolmaker.' Jane Goodall's discovery forced the scientific community to redefine humanity or redefine tools.
中文： 在 20 世紀中葉，「製造工具」被認為是人類特有的定義特徵。珍·古德的發現迫使科學界重新定義人類，或重新定義工具。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('challenged') to describe a completed action in the past that had a specific impact. It follows the Subject + Verb + Object structure.
中文： 句子使用了一般过去时（challenged），用来描述过去已完成且具有特定影响的动作。结构遵循「主语 + 动词 + 宾语」。
The new evidence changed the course of the investigation.
这项新证据改变了调查的方向。
EN： The preposition 'about' is used here to introduce the subject matter or topic of the 'scientific beliefs'. It functions as a modifier for the noun phrase.
中文： 介词「about」在此用于引出「科学信念」的主题或内容。它作为名词短语的修饰语。
We had a long discussion about environmental protection.
我们针对环境保护进行了长久的讨论。
EN： In the mid-20th century, Western science strictly defined humans as the only tool-makers. Jane Goodall's discovery was culturally and scientifically shocking because it blurred the line between 'man' and 'beast,' which was a fundamental pillar of human identity at the time.
中文： 在20世紀中葉，西方科學嚴格地將人類定義為唯一的工具製造者。珍·古德的發現對當時的文化和科學界造成了巨大衝擊，因為它模糊了「人」與「獸」之間的界線，而這在當時是人類認同的核心支柱。
EN： The use of 'what' as a relative pronoun in a nominal clause. Here, 'what makes us human' acts as the object of the preposition 'of', functioning as a noun phrase to describe a concept.
中文： 使用 'what' 作为名词性从句中的关系代词。在此处，'what makes us human' 作为介词 'of' 的宾语，其功能如同名词短语，用来描述一个抽象概念。
I don't understand what makes him so angry.
我不明白是什么让他如此生气。
EN： Parallel structure with 'and'. The conjunction 'and' connects two noun phrases: 'the definition of what makes us human' and 'our place in the world', ensuring both parts of the sentence have equal grammatical weight.
中文： 使用 'and' 的平行结构。连词 'and' 连接了两个名词短语：「是什么让我们成为人类的定义」以及「我们在世界上的地位」，确保句子的两个部分在语法权重上是对等的。
The book explores the history of art and its impact on society.
这本书探讨了艺术的历史及其对社会的影响。
EN： This sentence refers to Jane Goodall's 1960 discovery that chimpanzees make and use tools. At the time, tool-making was considered the defining characteristic that separated humans from all other animals. Her work forced the scientific community to reconsider the biological and philosophical boundaries between species.
中文： 這句話指的是珍·古德在 1960 年發現黑猩猩會製造並使用工具。當時，「製造工具」被認為是區分人類與其他動物的核心特徵。她的發現迫使科學界重新思考物種之間在生物學與哲學上的界線。
EN： The use of 'something' as a noun phrase in apposition. Here, 'something' acts as a summary word that refers back to the entire preceding clause ('Jane gave each chimpanzee a name and carefully described their individual personalities').
中文： 使用 'something' 作为同位语名词短语。在这里，'something' 作为一个概括词，指代前面提到的整个从句（珍给黑猩猩命名并描述其个性这件事）。
He decided to quit his job and travel the world, something his parents found very brave.
他决定辞职去环游世界，这是一件他父母觉得非常勇敢的事。
EN： The structure 'criticize A as B'. This pattern is used to express the specific reason or category for which someone or something is being criticized.
中文： 结构 'criticize A as B'（批评 A 为 B）。这个句型用于表达某人或某事被批评的具体理由或类别。
The critics criticized the new movie as being too long and boring.
影评人批评这部新电影太长且乏味。
EN： In the mid-20th century, the scientific community was strictly objective. Giving animals names and attributing 'personalities' to them was seen as anthropomorphism—projecting human traits onto non-humans—which was considered a major taboo in rigorous scientific research. Jane Goodall's persistence eventually changed how we define animal intelligence.
中文： 在20世紀中葉，科學界強調絕對的客觀性。給動物取名並賦予其「個性」被視為擬人化（將人類特徵投射到非人類身上），這在嚴謹的科學研究中被視為大忌。珍·古德的堅持最終改變了我們對動物智慧的定義方式。
EN： The verb 'introduce' follows the pattern 'introduce A to B', where A is the person/thing being presented and B is the recipient of the introduction.
中文： 动词 'introduce' 遵循 'introduce A to B' 的句型，其中 A 是被介绍的人或物，而 B 是介绍的对象（接受者）。
The teacher introduced the new student to the class.
老师向全班同学介绍了这位新学生。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to rename or provide more information about it. Here, 'the loving mother' describes 'Flo'.
中文： 同位语（Appositives）是紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用于重新命名或提供更多关于该名词的信息。在此句中，「the loving mother」描述了「Flo」。
My brother, a talented musician, plays the piano every day.
我的哥哥是一位有才华的音乐家，他每天都弹钢琴。
EN： In the scientific community of the 1960s, giving animals names instead of numbers was considered unprofessional and biased. Jane Goodall's choice to name her subjects humanized them and changed how the public perceived animal intelligence and personality.
中文： 在 1960 年代的科學界，給動物取名字而非編號被認為是不專業且帶有偏見的。珍·古德選擇為她的研究對象命名，使牠們人格化，並改變了公眾對動物智慧和個性的認知。
EN： Prepositional Phrase as an Adverbial: The phrase 'Through her detailed observations' acts as an adverbial of manner, explaining how the action (proved) was achieved. Placing it at the beginning of the sentence adds emphasis to the method.
中文： 介词短语作为状语：'Through her detailed observations'（通过她详尽的观察）在此作为方式状语，解释动作（证明）是如何达成的。将其置于句首可增加对该方法的强调。
Through hard work, he achieved his goals.
通过努力工作，他达成了他的目标。
EN： Noun Clauses with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause (that animals have...) which functions as the direct object of the transitive verb 'proved'.
中文： that 引导的名词性从句：单词 'that' 引导一个名词性从句（动物拥有...），在句中作为及物动词 'proved'（证明）的直接宾语。
Scientists proved that the earth is round.
科学家证明了地球是圆的。
EN： Jane Goodall's research was revolutionary because, in the mid-20th century, the scientific community strictly avoided attributing human-like traits (anthropomorphism) to animals. Her work bridged the gap between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.
中文： 珍·古德的研究具有革命性意義，因為在 20 世紀中葉，科學界嚴格避免將人類特徵（擬人化）歸因於動物。她的工作縮小了人類與動物界其他成員之間的隔閡。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'not just... but...' (similar to 'not only... but also...') is used to connect two contrasting or supplementary ideas, emphasizing that the second part is also true and often more significant.
中文： 关联连词「not just... but...」（类似于 not only... but also...）用于连接两个对比或补充的观点，强调后半部分同样属实，且通常更为重要。
He is not just a teacher, but a mentor to all his students.
他不只是位老师，更是所有学生的导师。
EN： The word 'that' functions here as a complementizer to introduce a noun clause. This clause acts as the direct object of the verb 'showed', explaining exactly what was shown to the world.
中文： 单词「that」在此作为引导词，用来引导一个名词性从句。这个从句作为动词「showed」的直接宾语，详细说明了向世人展示的具体内容。
The research showed that regular exercise improves mental health.
研究显示规律运动能改善心理健康。
EN： In the mid-20th century, the scientific community strictly avoided attributing human-like traits (anthropomorphism) to animals. Jane Goodall's decision to give chimpanzees names and describe their personalities was a radical departure from traditional scientific methods, which typically used numbers to identify subjects.
中文： 在20世紀中葉，科學界嚴格避免將人類特徵（擬人化）賦予動物。珍·古德決定為黑猩猩命名並描述牠們的個性，這與當時通常使用編號來識別研究對象的傳統科學方法大相徑庭，是一次激進的突破。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) as a Result: The phrases 'making...' and 'bringing...' are participle phrases that function as an adverbial clause of result. They describe the consequence or outcome of the main action (publishing the work).
中文： 现在分词短语（V-ing）表示结果：'making...' 和 'bringing...' 是分词短语，在此作为结果状语使用。它们描述了主句动作（发表研究）所产生的后果或影响。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the city.
大雨持续了数小时，导致城市严重淹水。
EN： Compound Object with Parallel Structure: The sentence uses two present participle phrases connected by 'and' to show two simultaneous results of the same action.
中文： 具有平行结构的复合宾语：句子使用由 'and' 连接的两个现在分词短语，用以展示同一动作同时产生的两个结果。
He worked hard all year, earning a promotion and gaining his boss's respect.
他全年努力工作，赢得了晋升并获得了老板的尊重。
EN： National Geographic is a world-renowned magazine and organization known for its high-quality photography and scientific reporting. 'Bringing into people's homes' is a metaphor meaning that through the magazine's widespread reach, the general public became familiar with a topic that was previously obscure.
中文： 《國家地理》是享譽全球的雜誌與機構，以高品質攝影和科學報導聞名。「帶入人們的家中」是一個隱喻，意指透過雜誌的廣泛傳播，讓一般大眾得以熟悉原本冷門或不為人知的科學主題。
EN： Appositive Phrase: The phrase 'one of the few people...' acts as an appositive, providing extra information about the subject's unique status or clarifying the significance of the preceding clause.
中文： 同位语短语：'one of the few people...' 作为同位语，用来补充说明主语的特殊地位，或进一步解释前述从句的重要性。
He is a brilliant pianist, one of the best in the country.
他是一位出色的钢琴家，是该国最优秀的人之一。
EN： Gerund after Preposition: The word 'obtaining' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun) because it follows the preposition 'without'.
中文： 介词后的动名词：'obtaining' 是一个动名词（动词+ing 当作名词使用），因为它接在介词 'without' 之后。
You cannot succeed without working hard.
不努力工作你就无法成功。
EN： In the UK academic system, it is extremely rare to be admitted to a PhD program without a bachelor's degree. This usually only happens for individuals with exceptional field experience or groundbreaking research, highlighting Jane Goodall's unique contribution to science.
中文： 在英國學術體系中，沒有學士學位就被錄取攻讀博士是非常罕見的。這通常只發生在具有卓越實務經驗或突破性研究成果的個人身上，這突顯了珍·古德對科學的獨特貢獻。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('demonstrated') to describe a completed action in the past. It follows the Subject + Verb + Object structure, where the object is a compound noun phrase consisting of two qualities connected by 'and'.
中文： 句子使用一般过去时（demonstrated）来描述过去已完成的动作。结构遵循「主语 + 动词 + 宾语」，其中宾语是由 'and' 连接两个特质所组成的复合名词短语。
His hard work proved his commitment to the project.
他的努力证明了他对这项计划的投入。
EN： The preposition 'to' is used here to show the direction of 'dedication'. In English, certain abstract nouns like 'dedication', 'commitment', or 'contribution' are followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate the target or field of that effort.
中文： 介词 'to' 在此处用来表示「奉献」（dedication）的对象或方向。在英文中，某些抽象名词如 dedication、commitment 或 contribution 后方会接介词 'to'，用以指出该努力的目标或领域。
She showed great dedication to her studies.
她在学业上展现了极大的专注与奉献。
EN： In academic and professional contexts, 'dedication to one's field' is a high compliment, suggesting that a person's work is not just a job, but a lifelong commitment or calling.
中文： 在學術與專業背景下，「對領域的奉獻」（dedication to one's field）是極高的讚美，暗示一個人的工作不僅僅是職業，而是一種終身的承諾或使命。
EN： Compound Predicate: This sentence uses two verbs ('spans' and 'continues') connected by the conjunction 'and' to describe actions performed by the same subject ('research'). Both verbs must agree with the singular subject.
中文： 复合谓语：本句使用连词 'and' 连接两个动词（'spans' 和 'continues'），用来描述同一个主语（'research'）所进行的动作。这两个动词都必须与单数主语保持一致。
The project starts in May and ends in December.
这个项目在五月开始，并在十二月结束。
EN： The verb 'continue' followed by an infinitive (to + verb): This structure is used to indicate that an action or state keeps happening without stopping.
中文： 动词 'continue' 后接不定式 (to + 动词)：此结构用于表示某个动作或状态持续发生而不停止。
The team continues to work hard despite the setbacks.
尽管遭遇挫折，团队仍继续努力工作。
EN： Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania is the site where Jane Goodall began her landmark study of chimpanzees in 1960. Her work there is considered the longest-running study of any animal group in the wild.
中文： 坦尚尼亞的貢貝溪國家公園是珍·古德於 1960 年開始她對黑猩猩進行里程碑式研究的地點。她在當地的研究被認為是野生動物群體中持續時間最長的研究。
EN： The sentence starts with an Adjective Phrase ('Now over 90 years old') that functions as a reduced relative clause, providing additional information about the subject 'Jane'.
中文： 句子开头的形容词短语「Now over 90 years old」充当简化的定语从句，用来补充说明主语「Jane」的背景信息。
Exhausted from the long flight, the traveler fell asleep immediately.
由于长途飞行感到精疲力竭，这位旅客立刻睡着了。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase ('traveling 300 days a year...') acts as a modifier describing an ongoing action or a simultaneous state of the subject.
中文： 现在分词短语「traveling 300 days a year...」作为修饰语，描述主语持续进行的动作或同时发生的状态。
He spent the afternoon in the park, reading a book under a tree.
他在公园度过了下午，在树下读着书。
EN： Jane Goodall is a global icon of environmentalism. The mention of her traveling 300 days a year at age 90+ emphasizes the urgency of conservation efforts and her extraordinary personal commitment, which is highly respected in Western scientific and activist communities.
中文： 珍·古德是全球環保主義的象徵。提到她高齡 90 多歲仍每年旅行 300 天，強調了保育工作的緊迫性以及她非凡的個人奉獻精神，這在西方科學界和活動家群體中備受推崇。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' she founded the institute.
中文： 不定式 (to + 动词原形) 在此作为状语，用来表示目的，解释她「为什么」创立该协会。
He saved money to buy a new car.
他存钱是为了买一辆新车。
EN： The past simple tense ('founded') is used to describe a completed action that occurred at a specific time in the past.
中文： 一般过去时 (founded) 用于描述在过去特定时间点已经完成的动作。
The company was founded in 1990.
这家公司成立于 1990 年。
EN： The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) is a global community conservation organization. It is famous for continuing the work Jane Goodall started in Gombe, emphasizing that local people are central to conservation success.
中文： 珍古德協會 (JGI) 是一個全球性的社區保育組織。它以延續珍·古德在剛貝開始的工作而聞名，強調當地居民是保育成功的核心關鍵。
EN： Appositives: A noun or noun phrase (a youth program) placed next to another noun (Roots & Shoots) to identify or explain it. It provides additional information without needing a full sentence.
中文： 同位语：将一个名词或名词短语（a youth program）放在另一个名词（Roots & Shoots）旁边，用来识别或解释它。它能在不需要完整句子的情况下提供额外信息。
Mr. Smith, my favorite teacher, is retiring next month.
史密斯先生，我最喜欢的老师，下个月要退休了。
EN： Relative Clauses with 'that': A dependent clause starting with 'that' (that empowers young people...) used to define or provide essential information about the preceding noun (program).
中文： 使用 'that' 的定语从句：以 'that' 开头的从句（that empowers young people...），用于定义或提供关于前一个名词（program）的必要信息。
I read a book that changed my perspective on life.
我读了一本改变我人生观的书。
EN： Roots & Shoots is a global program founded by Jane Goodall in 1991. The name symbolizes that roots create a firm foundation and shoots seem small but can break through walls to reach the light, representing the power of youth to change the world.
中文： 「根與芽」(Roots & Shoots) 是珍·古德於 1991 年創立的全球性計畫。這個名字象徵著根部能創造堅實的基礎，而芽看似弱小卻能穿透牆壁尋找光明，代表年輕人改變世界的力量。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It is followed by a noun phrase (the challenges), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介词 'Despite'（尽管）用于引出对比。其后接名词短语（the challenges），而非包含主语和动词的完整从句。
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
尽管下着大雨，足球赛仍继续进行。
EN： The present perfect tense (has seen) is used here to describe an experience that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present.
中文： 现在完成时 (has seen) 在此用于描述过去某个不确定时间点发生的经验，且该经验与现在有相关性。
He has seen that movie three times already.
他已经看过那部电影三次了。
EN： Jane Goodall is known for her radical optimism. Despite witnessing environmental destruction and animal cruelty, she emphasizes 'reasons for hope,' which has become a central theme of her global activism.
中文： 珍·古德以其「極度樂觀主義」聞名。儘管目睹了環境破壞與對動物的殘酷行為，她仍強調「希望的理由」，這已成為她全球行動主義的核心主題。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 革命性的、突破性的，指彻底改变现有观念或体系。
在本文中： 观察，指为了科学或研究目的而进行的仔细注视。
在本文中： 非科学的、不符合科学原则的。
在本文中： 开创性的、创新的，指在某个领域取得重大突破。
在本文中： 获得、赢得（学位、许可等）。
在本文中： 卓越的、杰出的，指远高于平均水平。
在本文中： 先驱性的、开创性的，指在某个新领域带头进行研究。
在本文中： 不知疲倦的、勤奋不懈的。
在本文中： （对自然资源、动植物的）保护、保育。
在本文中： 赋予力量、授权，使某人有能力去做某事。
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To search for or try to catch something (literally or figuratively).
钓取、搜寻、试图获取。
To have a strong effect on someone or something.
产生影响、发挥作用。
To extend across a specific period of time or distance.
跨越、持续（一段时间）。
To question or doubt the truth or validity of existing ideas.
挑战观念、质疑信仰。
Individuals (animals or humans) that are being observed or experimented upon in a study.
研究对象；受试者
A particular branch of study or sphere of professional activity.
领域；专业范围