EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had founded' happened before 'fired'.
中文： 过去完成时 (had + 过去分词)：用于描述在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作。在本句中，“创立公司”发生在“被解雇”之前。
She had finished her homework before she went out to play.
她在出去玩之前已经完成了功课。
EN： Subordinating Conjunction 'After': Used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates the sequence of events. It connects the earlier event to the main event.
中文： 从属连词 'After'：用于引导从句，表示事件的先后顺序。它将较早发生的事件与主要事件连接起来。
After the rain stopped, we went for a walk.
雨停之后，我们去散步了。
EN： The 'garage' is a powerful symbol in American business culture, representing the humble beginnings of iconic tech giants like Apple, Google, and Amazon. It emphasizes the 'American Dream' where innovation can start anywhere.
中文： 「車庫」在美國商業文化中是一個強大的象徵，代表了蘋果公司、Google 和亞馬遜等科技巨頭卑微的起點。它強調了「美國夢」，即創新可以從任何地方開始。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or point in time in the past.
中文： 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）用于描述在过去某个动作或时间点之前就已经完成的动作。
She realized she had lost her keys after she reached home.
她回到家后才发现她弄丢了钥匙。
EN： The conjunction 'because' introduces a subordinate clause of reason, explaining the cause of the situation described in the main clause.
中文： 连词“because”引导原因状语从句，用来解释主句中所描述情况的原因。
The match was canceled because it rained heavily.
比赛因为雨下得很大而取消了。
EN： This sentence refers to Steve Jobs being fired from Apple, the company he co-founded. In Western business culture, it is a famous example of how a major setback can lead to future innovation and personal growth.
中文： 這句話指的是史蒂夫·賈伯斯被他共同創立的蘋果公司解僱的往事。在西方商業文化中，這是一個著名的案例，說明重大的挫折如何能轉化為未來的創新與個人成長的動力。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used to emphasize the person or thing that experiences an action rather than the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 被动语态 (be + 过去分词)：用于强调动作的承受者，而非动作的执行者。在本句中，“沉重感”被“轻盈感”所取代。
The old building was replaced by a modern shopping mall.
这栋旧建筑被一座现代化的购物中心取代了。
EN： Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions: The word 'being' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun) used after the preposition 'of' to describe a state.
中文： 动名词作为介词宾语：单词 'being' 是动名词（动词+ing 作为名词使用），接在介词 'of' 之后，用来描述一种状态。
She enjoys the feeling of being independent.
她享受这种独立自主的感觉。
EN： This quote is from Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. It reflects a Zen-like philosophy (Shoshin or 'Beginner's Mind') where losing everything can be a liberating experience that fosters creativity by removing the fear of maintaining success.
中文： 這段話出自史蒂夫·賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮的演講。它反映了一種禪宗哲學（「初心」），即失去一切反而能成為一種解脫的經驗，透過消除維持成功的恐懼來激發創造力。
EN： The verb 'allow' is commonly used in the pattern 'allow someone to do something', which means to give permission or make it possible for someone to perform an action.
中文： 动词“allow”常用于“allow someone to do something”句型，意为“允许某人做某事”或“使某人能够做某事”。
The scholarship allowed her to study abroad.
这笔奖学金让她能够出国留学。
EN： The phrase 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to identify a specific item that belongs to a group of extreme examples.
中文： 短语“one of the + 最高级形容词 + 复数名词”用于指代属于某个极端群体中的其中一个特定项。
This is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
这是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
EN： This sentence refers to Steve Jobs' perspective on his firing from Apple. In American entrepreneurial culture, failure or being fired is often reframed as a 'blessing in disguise' or a chance for a 'fresh start,' emphasizing resilience and the value of a 'beginner's mind.'
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯對被蘋果公司解僱後的看法。在美國創業文化中，失敗或被解僱常被重新定義為「塞翁失馬，焉知非福」或「重新開始」的機會，強調韌性以及「初心」的價值。
EN： The past participle 'called' is used here as a reduced relative clause (which was called), acting as an adjective to modify the noun 'company'.
中文： 过去分词“called”在此处用作简化定语从句（即 which was called），作为形容词来修饰名词“company”（公司）。
She lives in a small town called Riverside.
她住在一个名为 Riverside 的小镇。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause to provide essential information about the noun 'the woman'.
中文： 关系代词“who”引导一个限定性定语从句，用来提供关于名词“the woman”（那个女人）的必要信息。
He is the teacher who inspired me to study art.
他就是那位启发我学习艺术的老师。
EN： This sentence refers to a pivotal period in Steve Jobs' life after being ousted from Apple. NeXT was the computer company he founded, which eventually led to his return to Apple when they acquired it. Laurene Powell Jobs became a significant figure in philanthropy and business.
中文： 這句話描述了史蒂夫·賈伯斯被蘋果公司解僱後的人生關鍵時期。NeXT 是他創立的電腦公司，最終促成了蘋果公司收購該公司並讓他回歸。勞倫·鮑威爾·賈伯斯後來也成為了慈善與商業領域的重要人物。
EN： The conjunction 'After' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that indicates the sequence of events. In this sentence, it shows that the creation of the film happened before the purchase of the company.
中文： 连词“After”用于引导从句，表示事件发生的先后顺序。在此句中，它显示了电影的制作发生在公司收购之前。
After the meeting ended, we went out for dinner.
会议结束后，我们去吃了晚餐。
EN： Compound Predicate: A single subject ('Apple') performs two actions ('purchased' and 'brought back') connected by the coordinating conjunction 'and'.
中文： 复合谓语：单一主语（苹果公司）执行了两个由并列连词“and”连接的动词（“收购”和“请回”）。
She opened the door and walked inside.
她打开门并走了进去。
EN： This sentence refers to a pivotal moment in tech history when Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997. Apple's acquisition of NeXT (his 'other company') led to his return, while his success at Pixar had already proven his creative leadership.
中文： 這句話指的是科技史上的一個關鍵時刻，即 1997 年史蒂夫·賈伯斯重返蘋果公司。蘋果公司收購了 NeXT（他的「另一家公司」）促成了他的回歸，而他在皮克斯的成功早已證明了他的創意領導力。
EN： The use of 'to + infinitive' (to remind) functions as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the subject performed the action of looking in the mirror.
中文： 使用“to + 不定式”（to remind）作为目的状语，用来解释主语为何执行“照镜子”这个动作。
She saved money to buy a new car.
她存钱是为了买一辆新车。
EN： The phrase 'in a row' is an idiomatic expression used to describe things happening one after another without interruption.
中文： 短语“in a row”是一个惯用语，用来描述事情接连发生而不中断，意为“连续地”。
It rained for three days in a row.
连续下了三天雨。
EN： This sentence reflects a famous philosophy of Steve Jobs, emphasizing self-reflection and the courage to make changes when one is no longer satisfied with their daily life. It highlights the importance of personal agency.
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯著名的哲學，強調自我反省以及當一個人不再滿意日常生活時，做出改變的勇氣。它突顯了個人主導權的重要性。
EN： Second Conditional: Used to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple (were), subject + would + verb'.
中文： 第二类条件句（与现在事实相反）：用于描述在现在或未来假设、虚拟的情况。结构为“If + 主语 + 过去式动词 (be动词用were)，主语 + would + 动词原形”。
If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
如果我是一只鸟，我就会飞向你。
EN： Be about to: A fixed expression used to describe an action that will happen very soon in the immediate future.
中文： Be about to：一个固定短语，用来描述在极短的未来即将发生的动作或事件。
The movie is about to start, so please sit down.
电影即将开始，所以请坐好。
EN： This quote is from Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. It reflects a Zen-like focus on mortality as a tool to prioritize what truly matters in life, a philosophy that influenced his leadership at Apple.
中文： 這段話出自賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮的演講。它反映了一種禪宗式的思考，將「面對死亡」視為一種工具，用來重新審視生命中真正重要的事情，這種哲學也深刻影響了他在蘋果公司的領導風格。
EN： The verb 'diagnose' is commonly used with the pattern 'diagnose someone with something' to indicate the identification of a specific medical condition or illness.
中文： 动词“diagnose”（诊断）通常使用“diagnose someone with something”的句型，用来表示诊断某人患有某种特定疾病或医疗状况。
The specialist diagnosed her with a rare skin condition.
专家诊断她患有一种罕见的皮肤病。
EN： Reported speech with 'warned that': When reporting a warning, the conjunction 'that' introduces a subordinate clause. Since the main verb 'warned' is in the past tense, the verb in the clause shifts to the past tense ('had') to maintain backshift consistency.
中文： 使用“warned that”的间接引语：在转述警告时，连词“that”引导一个从句。由于主句动词“warned”是过去式，从句中的动词也需转为过去式（had），以保持时态一致（时态后移）。
The teacher warned that the exam would be difficult.
老师警告说考试将会很困难。
EN： In Western medical contexts, doctors are often direct about a prognosis, even when it is terminal. This reflects a cultural emphasis on patient autonomy and the right to know one's medical status to make personal arrangements.
中文： 在西方醫療背景下，醫生通常會直接告知預後情況，即使是末期病症也是如此。這反映了文化上對患者自主權的重視，以及患者有權了解自己的健康狀況以便做出個人安排。
EN： The sentence uses a relative clause starting with 'that' to provide more information about the noun 'cancer'. This is a defining relative clause, which identifies exactly what kind of cancer is being discussed.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引导的定语从句（形容词性从句）来修饰名词 'cancer'（癌症）。这是一个限定性用法，用来具体说明是哪一种癌症。
He found a solution that could solve the problem quickly.
他找到了一个可以快速解决问题的方案。
EN： The passive voice 'could be cured' is used to focus on the person or thing receiving the action (the cancer) rather than the person performing the surgery.
中文： 被动语态 'could be cured'（可以被治愈）用于将焦点放在接受动作的对象（癌症），而非执行手术的人。
The broken window could be repaired by a professional.
这扇破掉的窗户可以由专业人员修复。
EN： The structure 'describe A as B' is used to define or characterize something in a specific way. 'As' functions as a preposition here.
中文： 结构「describe A as B」（将 A 描述为 B）用于以特定方式定义或描述某物。这里的“as”作为介词使用。
She described the experience as a turning point in her career.
她将那次经历描述为她职业生涯的转折点。
EN： A relative clause starting with 'that' is used to provide essential information about the preceding noun (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'that requires...' modifies 'a change agent'.
中文： 以“that”引导的定语从句用于提供关于先行词（前面的名词）的必要信息。在本句中，“that requires...”修饰了“a change agent”（变革推动者）。
He has a vision that inspires everyone in the team.
他拥有一种能激励团队中每个人的愿景。
EN： This sentence reflects Steve Jobs' philosophical view on mortality, which he famously shared in his 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. He viewed death not as a tragedy, but as a necessary tool for clearing out the old to make way for the new.
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯對死亡的哲學觀點，他曾在 2005 年史丹佛大學畢業典禮演講中分享過。他認為死亡並非悲劇，而是一個必要的工具，用來清除舊事物，為新事物騰出空間。
EN： The verb 'waste' is followed by an object (time/money) and then a present participle (V-ing) to describe the activity on which the resource is spent.
中文： 动词“waste”（浪费）后接宾语（如时间或金钱），再接现在分词（V-ing），用来描述所从事的活动。
Don't waste your weekend worrying about work.
不要把周末浪费在担心工作上。
EN： The imperative mood is used to give commands or advice. 'Stay' followed by an adjective means to remain in a certain state or condition.
中文： 祈使句用于发出命令或建议。“Stay”后接形容词，表示保持某种状态或情况。
Stay calm and focused during the exam.
考试期间保持冷静与专注。
EN： This is one of Steve Jobs' most famous quotes from his 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. 'Stay hungry' implies never being satisfied and always pushing for more, while 'Stay foolish' encourages taking risks that others might think are unwise.
中文： 這是賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮演講中最著名的名言。「Stay hungry」（求知若渴）暗示永遠不要滿足於現狀，不斷追求進步；而「Stay foolish」（大智若愚）則鼓勵勇於冒險，即使在他人眼中看似愚蠢。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 创立、创办（公司或组织）
在本文中： 令人极其震惊且心碎的
在本文中： 卓越的、非凡的、值得注意的
在本文中： 诊断（疾病）
在本文中： 肿瘤
在本文中： 终点、目的地
在本文中： 直觉
在本文中： 有限的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
One after another without a break; consecutively.
连续地、接连地
Created or produced using computer graphics software to create moving images.
电脑动画的
To maintain a strong desire to achieve more and never be satisfied with current success.
求知若渴、永不满足
To be willing to take risks and try things that others might think are unrealistic or silly.
虚怀若愚、勇于冒险