Jane Goodall: Into the Wild珍·古道尔：走进荒野
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EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a reduced relative clause or a supplementary action to describe the state or simultaneous action of the subject (Jane Goodall) while she was growing up.
中文： 现在分词短语 (V-ing) 在此处用作简化关系从句或补充说明，描述主语（简·古道尔）在成长过程中的状态或同时进行的动作。
He sat on the bench, watching the sunset.
他坐在长椅上，看着日落。
EN： The phrasal verb 'grow up' means to progress from being a child to being an adult. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.
中文： 短语动词 'grow up' 意为「长大、成年」。这是一个不及物动词，意即其后不需要接直接宾语。
I grew up in a small village near the sea.
我在海边的一个小村庄长大。
EN： Bournemouth is a coastal resort town on the south coast of England. Jane Goodall's upbringing in a relatively quiet English town contrasts sharply with her later life in the dense forests of Africa, highlighting her adventurous spirit.
中文： 伯恩茅斯是英格蘭南海岸的一個沿海度假小鎮。珍·古德在相對安靜的英國小鎮長大，這與她後來在非洲茂密森林中的生活形成了鮮明對比，突顯了她的冒險精神。
EN： The structure 'spend + time + V-ing' is used to indicate the amount of time dedicated to a specific activity. The gerund (V-ing) functions as the activity being performed.
中文： 「spend + 时间 + V-ing」结构用于表示投入多少时间在某项特定活动上。动名词 (V-ing) 在此作为所进行的活动内容。
He spent the whole afternoon fixing his bicycle.
他花了整个下午修理他的自行车。
EN： Parallel structure with conjunctions: When using 'and' to connect actions, the verbs must be in the same form. Here, 'reading' and 'imagining' are both gerunds following the verb 'spent'.
中文： 并列连词的平行结构：当使用 'and' 连接动作时，动词必须形式一致。在此句中，'reading' 与 'imagining' 皆为跟随动词 'spent' 的动名词。
She enjoys swimming in the ocean and hiking in the mountains.
她喜欢在海里游泳以及在山中徒步。
EN： The phrase 'faraway lands' evokes a sense of 19th and early 20th-century exploration literature, reflecting the limited global connectivity of Jane Goodall's youth compared to today's digital age.
中文： 「faraway lands」（遙遠的土地）一詞帶有一種 19 世紀及 20 世紀初探險文學的色彩，反映了珍·古德年輕時期與現今數位時代相比，全球聯繫尚不發達的時代背景。
EN： The verb 'afford' is commonly used with 'can' or 'could' to express the ability to pay for something or spare time. It is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) when indicating the action one has the resources for.
中文： 动词 'afford' (负担得起) 通常与 'can' 或 'could' 连用，表示有能力支付金钱或抽出时间。当后面接动作时，须使用「不定式」(to + 动词原形)。
We can't afford to buy a new car this year.
我们今年负担不起买新车的费用。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' phrase (to study zoology) acts as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action of sending her to university was intended.
中文： 「to-不定式」短语 (to study zoology) 在此作为目的状语，用来解释为什么要「送她去大学」的目的。
He went to the library to borrow some books.
他去图书馆是为了借一些书。
EN： In the mid-20th century, higher education was not as accessible as it is today, especially for women in certain fields. Jane Goodall's path was unconventional because she achieved scientific greatness through field experience and observation before later obtaining a PhD without a prior undergraduate degree.
中文： 在20世紀中期，高等教育不像今天這樣普及，尤其是對於某些領域的女性而言。珍·古德的成名之路非常不尋常，因為她在沒有大學學位的情況下，憑藉野外實作與觀察取得了科學成就，之後才破格獲得博士學位。
EN： Present Participle as a Modifier (saying): The word 'saying' is a present participle used here to describe the action accompanying the main verb 'encouraged'. It functions as a reduced relative clause or an adverbial phrase of manner.
中文： 现在分词作为修饰语 (saying)：这里的 'saying' 是一个现在分词，用来描述伴随主动词 'encouraged'（鼓励）同时发生的动作。它在句中充当简化关系从句或方式状语短语。
He walked out of the room, slamming the door.
他走出房间，砰的一声关上了门。
EN： Zero Conditional (If + present simple, imperative): This structure is used to express general truths or strong advice. In this sentence, 'work hard' and 'never give up' are imperatives (commands/advice) following a condition.
中文： 零条件句 (If + 现在一般时，祈使句)：此结构用于表达普遍真理或强烈建议。在本句中，'work hard' 和 'never give up' 是跟在条件之后的祈使句（命令或建议）。
If you feel tired, take a break.
如果你觉得累，就休息一下。
EN： The phrase 'never give up' is a cornerstone of the 'American Dream' and Western individualistic values, emphasizing that persistence is the key to overcoming socio-economic barriers, such as Jane's family not being able to afford university.
中文： 「永不放棄」(never give up) 是西方個人主義價值觀的核心，強調堅持是克服社會經濟障礙（如珍的家庭負擔不起大學學費）的關鍵。
EN： Compound Predicate: This sentence uses a compound predicate where a single subject ('This determination') performs two actions ('fueled' and 'shaped') connected by the conjunction 'and'.
中文： 复合谓语：此句使用复合谓语，即单一主语（This determination）执行了两个由连词「and」连接的动词（fueled 和 shaped）。
The heavy rain flooded the streets and damaged the crops.
大雨淹没了街道并损坏了庄稼。
EN： Transitive Verbs in Past Tense: Both 'fueled' and 'shaped' are transitive verbs in the simple past tense, meaning they require direct objects ('passion' and 'life') to complete their meaning.
中文： 及物动词的过去式：'fueled' 和 'shaped' 都是一般过去时的及物动词，这意味着它们需要直接宾语（passion 和 life）来使句意完整。
His kind words encouraged me.
他温暖的话语鼓励了我。
EN： The use of 'fueled' is a common metaphor in English, comparing abstract motivation to fuel that powers an engine or a fire, emphasizing the intensity of Jane Goodall's drive.
中文： 「fueled」（燃料/激發）在英語中是一個常見的比喻，將抽象的動力比作驅動引擎或火焰的燃料，強調了珍·古德動力的強度。
EN： The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to indicate the method or means by which an action is achieved.
中文： 介词「by」后面接动名词（V-ing），用来表示达成某个动作的方法或手段。
He improved his English by watching movies without subtitles.
他通过观看没有字幕的电影来提高他的英语。
EN： The present participle phrase (keeping...) acts as a 'supplementary clause' or 'reduced relative clause' to describe a simultaneous action or state related to the subject.
中文： 现在分词短语（keeping...）作为「补充说明」或「简化关系从句」，用来描述与主语相关的同时发生的动作或状态。
She walked out of the room, smiling at everyone.
她走出房间，对着每个人微笑。
EN： In the mid-20th century, working as a secretary was one of the few professional avenues widely available to women. Jane Goodall's willingness to take this conventional job to fund an unconventional dream highlights her pragmatism and dedication.
中文： 在 20 世紀中葉，擔任秘書是女性少數能廣泛獲得的職業途徑之一。珍·古德願意從事這份傳統工作來資助她不平凡的夢想，突顯了她的務實與奉獻精神。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another point in the past. In this sentence, reading about Kenya happened before she actually traveled there.
中文： 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）用于描述在过去某个时间点或动作之前就已经完成的动作。在本句中，“在书中读过肯尼亚”发生在“前往肯尼亚”之前。
He had already finished his homework when his friends arrived.
当他的朋友们到达时，他已经完成了作业。
EN： Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, typically noun phrases, are placed side by side so that one identifies or explains the other. Here, 'a place...' explains 'Kenya'.
中文： 同位语是一种语法结构，通常将两个名词短语并列，其中一个用来识别或解释另一个。在这里，“a place...”解释了前面的“Kenya”。
My brother, a talented musician, plays the violin every day.
我的哥哥是一位有才华的音乐家，他每天都拉小提琴。
EN： Kenya has long been a primary destination for wildlife research and safaris in East Africa. For many Westerners in the mid-20th century, Africa was often perceived through a lens of adventure and mystery found in literature before they could visit in person.
中文： 肯亞長期以來一直是東非野生動物研究和狩獵旅行的主要目的地。對於 20 世紀中葉的許多西方人來說，在親自造訪之前，非洲通常是透過文學作品中所描繪的冒險和神秘色彩來認知的。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The phrase starting with 'who' provides extra information about Dr. Louis Leakey. It is separated by a comma because the person is already identified by name.
中文： 非限制性关系从句：以 'who' 开头的短语提供了关于路易斯·利基博士的额外信息。因为该人物已由姓名明确标示，所以使用逗号隔开，表示这仅是补充说明而非必要定义。
I called my brother, who lives in New York.
我打电话给我哥哥，他住在纽约。
EN： Passive Voice with 'be impressed by': This structure is used to describe a feeling or reaction caused by something or someone.
中文： 被动语态与 'be impressed by'：此结构用于描述由某人或某事所引起的感受或反应（对...印象深刻）。
The manager was impressed by her creative ideas.
经理对她的创意点子留下了深刻的印象。
EN： Dr. Louis Leakey was a Kenyan-British paleoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa. His mentorship of Jane Goodall was a pivotal moment in scientific history, as he encouraged women to enter the field of primatology.
中文： 路易斯·利基博士是一位肯亞裔英國古人類學家與考古學家，他的研究對於證明人類起源於非洲至關重要。他對珍·古德的指導是科學史上的關鍵時刻，因為他積極鼓勵女性進入靈長類動物學領域。
EN： The sentence uses a Compound Predicate where two verbs ('recognized' and 'offered') share the same subject ('He'). This structure is efficient for describing a sequence of actions performed by the same person.
中文： 本句使用了「复合谓语」结构，即两个动词（recognized 和 offered）共享同一个主语（He）。这种结构能高效地描述同一人所执行的一系列动作。
She finished her homework and watched a movie.
她完成了作业并看了一部电影。
EN： The verb 'offer' is a ditransitive verb, meaning it takes both an indirect object ('her') and a direct object ('a unique opportunity'). The pattern is: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object (person) + Direct Object (thing).
The manager offered him a promotion.
经理给了他升职的机会。
EN： In professional and academic contexts, 'recognizing' someone's passion or talent often leads to mentorship, a key concept in Western career development where an experienced person (like Dr. Leakey) supports a newcomer (like Jane Goodall).
中文： 在專業與學術背景下，「察覺」(recognizing) 某人的熱情或天賦通常會促成「導師制」(mentorship)。這是西方職業發展中的核心概念，即由資深人士（如 Leakey 博士）提攜後進（如 Jane Goodall）。
EN： The Infinitive of Purpose: The phrase 'to study' is an infinitive used to explain the reason or purpose behind the main action (sending Jane). It answers the question 'Why?'.
中文： 不定式表示目的：短语 'to study' 是一个不定式，用来解释主要动作（派简前去）背后的原因或目的。它回答了「为什么？」这个问题。
He went to the library to borrow some books.
他去图书馆是为了借几本书。
EN： Apposition: 'Gombe, Tanzania' uses a comma to provide specific geographical context, where the smaller location (Gombe) is followed by the larger region or country (Tanzania).
中文： 同位语与地点标注：'Gombe, Tanzania' 使用逗号来提供具体的地理背景，通常先写较小的地点（冈贝），后接较大的区域或国家（坦桑尼亚）。
She lives in Kyoto, Japan.
她住在日本京都。
EN： Dr. Louis Leakey was a Kenyan-British paleoanthropologist who was instrumental in establishing human evolutionary development in Africa. He famously mentored 'The Trimates'—three women (Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Birutė Galdikas) who studied primates in the wild.
中文： Louis Leakey 博士是一位肯亞裔英國古人類學家，他在確立非洲人類進化發展方面發揮了重要作用。他最著名的是指導了「三位靈長類女傑」（The Trimates）——即 Jane Goodall、Dian Fossey 和 Birutė Galdikas，她們分別在野外研究不同的靈長類動物。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'At just 26 years old' functions as an adverbial of time, placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis. 'Just' is used here as an adverb to emphasize how young she was.
中文： 介词短语「At just 26 years old」作为时间状语，放在句首以示强调。「just」在此作为副词，用来强调她当时年纪之轻。
At just ten years old, he won the national chess championship.
就在十岁时，他就赢得了全国国际象棋冠军。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with only...' describes the circumstances or accompaniment of the main action. 'For support' is a prepositional phrase indicating purpose, explaining why the mother and cook were there.
中文： 介词短语「with only...」描述了主句动作发生时的伴随情况或环境。「for support」则是表示目的的介词短语，解释了母亲和厨师随行的原因（提供支持）。
She traveled to Paris with only a small suitcase for her belongings.
她只带着一个装行李的小手提箱就去巴黎旅行了。
EN： In the 1960s, it was considered unconventional and even dangerous for a young woman to travel alone to remote parts of Africa. The British government actually required Jane to have a companion for safety, which is why her mother accompanied her initially.
中文： 在 1960 年代，年輕女性獨自前往非洲偏遠地區被認為是不合常規甚至危險的。當時英國政府實際上要求珍必須有一位同伴以策安全，這也是為什麼她的母親最初陪同她前往的原因。
EN： The phrasal verb 'run away' means to leave a place or person suddenly, often because of fear or to escape. In the past tense, 'run' changes to 'ran'.
中文： 短语动词「run away」意指突然离开某地或某人，通常是因为恐惧或为了逃避。在过去式中，「run」要改为「ran」。
The stray cat ran away when I tried to pet it.
当我试着摸那只流浪猫时，它跑掉了。
EN： The phrase 'every time' functions as a conjunction here, connecting two clauses to indicate that an action happens whenever a specific condition is met.
中文： 「every time」在此处作为连词使用，连接两个从句，用来表示每当满足特定条件时，某个动作就会发生。
Every time it rains, the roof leaks.
每当下雨时，屋顶就会漏水。
EN： The sentence uses a Participle Phrase ('using binoculars...') as a reduced adverbial clause to show simultaneous action. It explains how the main action (observing) was performed.
中文： 本句使用了分词短语（using binoculars...）作为简化的状语从句，用来表示与主句动作同时发生的伴随动作，说明观察是如何进行的。
He sat by the window, drinking a cup of coffee.
他坐在窗边，喝着一杯咖啡。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'For months' indicates duration. When placed at the beginning of a sentence, it emphasizes the length of time and is usually followed by a comma.
中文： 介词短语「For months」表示持续的时间。当放在句首时，它强调了时间的长短，通常后面会加上逗号。
For years, they worked together on the project.
好几年来，他们一直一起合作这个项目。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'gaining' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). Here, the entire phrase 'gaining their trust' acts as the subject of the subordinate clause.
中文： 动名词作主语：单词 'gaining' 是动名词（动词 + -ing 作为名词使用）。在此处，整个短语 'gaining their trust' 作为从句中的主语。
Learning a new language requires patience.
学习一门新语言需要耐心。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause which functions as the direct object of the verb 'understood', explaining what she understood.
中文： that 引导的名词性从句：单词 'that' 引导一个名词性从句，该从句作为动词 'understood' 的直接宾语，解释了她所明白的内容。
I believe that honesty is the best policy.
我相信诚实是最好的策略。
EN： The Past Continuous tense (was/were + V-ing) is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific moment in the past, often emphasizing the duration or ongoing nature of the state.
中文： 过去进行时 (was/were + V-ing) 用于描述过去某个特定时间点正在进行的动作，通常强调该状态的持续性或过程。
The scientist was observing the birds when it started to rain.
当开始下雨时，那位科学家正在观察鸟类。
EN： The structure 'wait for + object + to-infinitive' is used to indicate that someone is staying in a place or delaying action until a specific event happens or someone performs an action.
中文： 结构 'wait for + 宾语 + 不定式' 用于表示某人停留或延迟行动，直到特定事件发生或某人执行某个动作为止。
I am waiting for the rain to stop before I go out.
我正在等雨停才要出门。
EN： Jane Goodall's approach to primatology was revolutionary because she immersed herself in the animals' environment, treating them as individuals with personalities rather than just subjects of study. This sentence reflects the patience required for 'habituation'—the process of getting wild animals used to a human observer.
中文： 珍·古德的靈長類研究方法具有革命性，因為她讓自己融入動物的環境中，將牠們視為具有個性的個體，而非僅僅是研究對象。這句話反映了「習慣化」(habituation) 所需的耐心——即讓野生動物習慣人類觀察者的過程。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 坚定的决心，不畏艰难达成目标的毅力。
在本文中： 非凡的、特别的，超出一般水平的。
在本文中： 古生物学家，研究古生物化石的科学家。
在本文中： 热忱、热情，对某事表现出极大的兴趣。
在本文中： 机会、时机。
在本文中： （动植物的）自然栖息地。
在本文中： 靠近、接近。
在本文中： 观察、观测。
在本文中： 奉献、一心一意的投入。
在本文中： 存在、在场。
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To stop making an effort; to quit.
放弃
To maintain or preserve something so that it continues to exist.
使...继续存在；保持（梦想、希望等）不灭
The environment in which a plant or animal normally lives.
自然栖息地
From a place that is not near; far away.
从远处；保持一段距离
The personnel, equipment, and logistics provided to assist a primary researcher or explorer during a field expedition.
后勤支援人员
The observable actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
行为（科学定义）
The state of being physically in the same area as wild animals, which researchers aim to make 'neutral' through habituation.
（研究者的）存在/现身