Jane Goodall: The Voice of the ChimpsJane Goodall: Suara Sang Simpanse
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EN: The verb 'observe' is a verb of perception. When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it describes an action in progress that the subject witnessed.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'observe' (memerhati) ialah kata kerja persepsi. Apabila diikuti oleh objek dan partisipel kini (V-ing), ia digunakan untuk menerangkan bahawa subjek menyaksikan tindakan yang sedang berlaku.
I observed the birds building their nest in the tree.
Saya memerhatikan burung-burung sedang membina sarang di atas pokok.
EN: The past perfect tense (had + past participle) is used here within a relative clause to indicate that the naming of the chimpanzee happened before the observation took place.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau sempurna (had + partisipel lampau) digunakan di sini dalam klausa relatif untuk menunjukkan bahawa tindakan "menamakan" cimpanzi itu berlaku sebelum tindakan "memerhati"nya.
He lost the watch that his father had given him.
Dia kehilangan jam tangan yang diberikan oleh bapanya sebelum itu.
EN: Jane Goodall's decision to name the chimpanzees (like David Greybeard) instead of numbering them was a major shift in primatology. It acknowledged their individual identities and emotional lives, which was initially seen as unscientific by the academic community.
EN: The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason or cause for the main action or state.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'because' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan klausa subordinat yang memberikan sebab atau alasan bagi tindakan atau keadaan dalam klausa utama.
He stayed home because it was raining heavily.
Dia tinggal di rumah kerana hujan turun dengan lebat.
EN: The past simple tense 'believed' is used here to describe a state or opinion that existed in the past, often implying that the belief has since changed.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau mudah 'believed' digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan keadaan atau pendapat yang wujud pada masa lalu, biasanya membayangkan bahawa kepercayaan tersebut telah berubah kemudiannya.
People once believed that the Earth was flat.
Orang ramai pernah percaya bahawa bumi itu rata.
EN: In the mid-20th century, tool-making was considered the defining characteristic of 'Man the Toolmaker.' Jane Goodall's discovery forced the scientific community to redefine humanity or redefine tools.
EN: The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('challenged') to describe a completed action in the past that had a specific impact. It follows the Subject + Verb + Object structure.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan kala lampau mudah (challenged) untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada masa lalu dengan kesan yang khusus. Strukturnya mengikuti pola "subjek + kata kerja + objek".
The new evidence changed the course of the investigation.
Bukti baharu ini mengubah arah siasatan.
EN: The preposition 'about' is used here to introduce the subject matter or topic of the 'scientific beliefs'. It functions as a modifier for the noun phrase.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata depan "about" digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan topik atau kandungan "kepercayaan saintifik". Ia berfungsi sebagai penerang bagi frasa nama.
We had a long discussion about environmental protection.
Kami mengadakan perbincangan yang panjang tentang perlindungan alam sekitar.
EN: In the mid-20th century, Western science strictly defined humans as the only tool-makers. Jane Goodall's discovery was culturally and scientifically shocking because it blurred the line between 'man' and 'beast,' which was a fundamental pillar of human identity at the time.
EN: The use of 'what' as a relative pronoun in a nominal clause. Here, 'what makes us human' acts as the object of the preposition 'of', functioning as a noun phrase to describe a concept.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'what' sebagai kata ganti nama relatif dalam klausa nama. Di sini, 'what makes us human' bertindak sebagai objek bagi kata depan 'of', berfungsi seperti frasa nama untuk menerangkan konsep abstrak.
I don't understand what makes him so angry.
Saya tidak faham apa yang membuatkan dia begitu marah.
EN: Parallel structure with 'and'. The conjunction 'and' connects two noun phrases: 'the definition of what makes us human' and 'our place in the world', ensuring both parts of the sentence have equal grammatical weight.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur selari dengan 'and'. Kata hubung 'and' menghubungkan dua frasa nama: "apa yang mentakrifkan kita sebagai manusia" dan "kedudukan kita di dunia", memastikan kedua-dua bahagian ayat mempunyai berat tatabahasa yang setara.
The book explores the history of art and its impact on society.
Buku ini meneroka sejarah seni dan kesannya terhadap masyarakat.
EN: This sentence refers to Jane Goodall's 1960 discovery that chimpanzees make and use tools. At the time, tool-making was considered the defining characteristic that separated humans from all other animals. Her work forced the scientific community to reconsider the biological and philosophical boundaries between species.
EN: The use of 'something' as a noun phrase in apposition. Here, 'something' acts as a summary word that refers back to the entire preceding clause ('Jane gave each chimpanzee a name and carefully described their individual personalities').
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'something' sebagai frasa nama dalam apositif. Di sini, 'something' bertindak sebagai kata umum yang merujuk kepada keseluruhan klausa yang disebut sebelum ini (perbuatan Jane menamakan cimpanzi dan menerangkan personaliti mereka).
He decided to quit his job and travel the world, something his parents found very brave.
Dia memutuskan untuk berhenti kerja dan mengembara ke seluruh dunia, sesuatu yang ibu bapanya anggap sangat berani.
EN: The structure 'criticize A as B'. This pattern is used to express the specific reason or category for which someone or something is being criticized.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'criticize A as B' (mengkritik A sebagai B). Pola ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sebab atau kategori khusus mengapa seseorang atau sesuatu dikritik.
The critics criticized the new movie as being too long and boring.
Pengkritik filem mengkritik filem baharu itu sebagai terlalu panjang dan membosankan.
EN: In the mid-20th century, the scientific community was strictly objective. Giving animals names and attributing 'personalities' to them was seen as anthropomorphism—projecting human traits onto non-humans—which was considered a major taboo in rigorous scientific research. Jane Goodall's persistence eventually changed how we define animal intelligence.
EN: The verb 'introduce' follows the pattern 'introduce A to B', where A is the person/thing being presented and B is the recipient of the introduction.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'introduce' mengikuti pola 'introduce A to B', di mana A ialah orang atau benda yang diperkenalkan, dan B ialah sasaran (penerima) pengenalan tersebut.
The teacher introduced the new student to the class.
Guru memperkenalkan pelajar baharu itu kepada seluruh kelas.
EN: Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to rename or provide more information about it. Here, 'the loving mother' describes 'Flo'.
Bahasa Melayu: Apositif ialah kata nama atau frasa nama yang mengikuti kata nama lain untuk menamakan semula atau memberikan maklumat lanjut tentang kata nama tersebut. Dalam ayat ini, "the loving mother" menerangkan "Flo".
My brother, a talented musician, plays the piano every day.
Abang saya, seorang pemuzik yang berbakat, bermain piano setiap hari.
EN: In the scientific community of the 1960s, giving animals names instead of numbers was considered unprofessional and biased. Jane Goodall's choice to name her subjects humanized them and changed how the public perceived animal intelligence and personality.
EN: Prepositional Phrase as an Adverbial: The phrase 'Through her detailed observations' acts as an adverbial of manner, explaining how the action (proved) was achieved. Placing it at the beginning of the sentence adds emphasis to the method.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kata depan sebagai adverba: 'Through her detailed observations' (melalui pemerhatiannya yang terperinci) di sini berfungsi sebagai frasa adverba cara, menerangkan bagaimana tindakan (membuktikan) dicapai. Meletakkannya di awal ayat menambah penekanan kepada kaedah tersebut.
Through hard work, he achieved his goals.
Melalui kerja keras, dia mencapai matlamatnya.
EN: Noun Clauses with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause (that animals have...) which functions as the direct object of the transitive verb 'proved'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama dengan 'that': Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa nama (bahawa haiwan memiliki...) yang bertindak sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja transitif 'proved' (membuktikan).
Scientists proved that the earth is round.
Para saintis membuktikan bahawa bumi itu bulat.
EN: Jane Goodall's research was revolutionary because, in the mid-20th century, the scientific community strictly avoided attributing human-like traits (anthropomorphism) to animals. Her work bridged the gap between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'not just... but...' (similar to 'not only... but also...') is used to connect two contrasting or supplementary ideas, emphasizing that the second part is also true and often more significant.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung korelatif "not just... but..." (serupa dengan not only... but also...) digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua pandangan yang berbeza atau saling melengkapi, menekankan bahawa bahagian kedua juga benar, dan selalunya lebih penting.
He is not just a teacher, but a mentor to all his students.
Dia bukan sekadar guru, tetapi mentor kepada semua pelajar.
EN: The word 'that' functions here as a complementizer to introduce a noun clause. This clause acts as the direct object of the verb 'showed', explaining exactly what was shown to the world.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'that' di sini berfungsi sebagai pelengkap untuk memperkenalkan klausa nama. Klausa ini bertindak sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'showed', memperincikan kandungan khusus yang ditunjukkan kepada dunia.
The research showed that regular exercise improves mental health.
Kajian menunjukkan bahawa senaman yang kerap boleh meningkatkan kesihatan mental.
EN: In the mid-20th century, the scientific community strictly avoided attributing human-like traits (anthropomorphism) to animals. Jane Goodall's decision to give chimpanzees names and describe their personalities was a radical departure from traditional scientific methods, which typically used numbers to identify subjects.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) as a Result: The phrases 'making...' and 'bringing...' are participle phrases that function as an adverbial clause of result. They describe the consequence or outcome of the main action (publishing the work).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini (V-ing) sebagai hasil: 'making...' dan 'bringing...' ialah frasa partisipel yang digunakan di sini sebagai klausa adverba hasil. Ia menerangkan akibat atau kesan yang terhasil daripada tindakan klausa utama (menerbitkan penyelidikan).
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the city.
Hujan lebat berterusan selama beberapa jam, menyebabkan banjir teruk di bandar.
EN: Compound Object with Parallel Structure: The sentence uses two present participle phrases connected by 'and' to show two simultaneous results of the same action.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur majmuk dengan struktur selari: Ayat ini menggunakan dua frasa partisipel kini yang disambungkan oleh 'and' untuk menunjukkan dua hasil yang berlaku serentak daripada tindakan yang sama.
He worked hard all year, earning a promotion and gaining his boss's respect.
Dia bekerja keras sepanjang tahun, memperoleh kenaikan pangkat dan mendapat penghormatan daripada bosnya.
EN: National Geographic is a world-renowned magazine and organization known for its high-quality photography and scientific reporting. 'Bringing into people's homes' is a metaphor meaning that through the magazine's widespread reach, the general public became familiar with a topic that was previously obscure.
EN: Appositive Phrase: The phrase 'one of the few people...' acts as an appositive, providing extra information about the subject's unique status or clarifying the significance of the preceding clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa apositif: 'one of the few people...' bertindak sebagai apositif, digunakan untuk menjelaskan status istimewa subjek atau menerangkan kepentingan klausa sebelumnya.
He is a brilliant pianist, one of the best in the country.
Dia seorang pemain piano yang cemerlang, salah seorang yang terbaik di negara ini.
EN: Gerund after Preposition: The word 'obtaining' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun) because it follows the preposition 'without'.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund selepas kata depan: 'obtaining' ialah gerund (kata kerja + -ing yang bertindak sebagai kata nama) kerana ia mengikuti kata depan 'without'.
You cannot succeed without working hard.
Anda tidak akan berjaya tanpa bekerja keras.
EN: In the UK academic system, it is extremely rare to be admitted to a PhD program without a bachelor's degree. This usually only happens for individuals with exceptional field experience or groundbreaking research, highlighting Jane Goodall's unique contribution to science.
EN: The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('demonstrated') to describe a completed action in the past. It follows the Subject + Verb + Object structure, where the object is a compound noun phrase consisting of two qualities connected by 'and'.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan kala lampau mudah (demonstrated) untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada masa lalu. Strukturnya mengikut pola "subjek + kata kerja + objek", dengan objek ialah frasa nama majmuk yang terdiri daripada dua ciri yang disambungkan oleh 'and'.
His hard work proved his commitment to the project.
Usahanya membuktikan dedikasinya terhadap projek ini.
EN: The preposition 'to' is used here to show the direction of 'dedication'. In English, certain abstract nouns like 'dedication', 'commitment', or 'contribution' are followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate the target or field of that effort.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata depan 'to' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan arah atau sasaran 'dedikasi'. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, kata nama abstrak tertentu seperti dedication, commitment, atau contribution diikuti oleh kata depan 'to' untuk menunjukkan matlamat atau bidang usaha tersebut.
She showed great dedication to her studies.
Dia menunjukkan tumpuan dan dedikasi yang luar biasa dalam pelajarannya.
EN: In academic and professional contexts, 'dedication to one's field' is a high compliment, suggesting that a person's work is not just a job, but a lifelong commitment or calling.
EN: Compound Predicate: This sentence uses two verbs ('spans' and 'continues') connected by the conjunction 'and' to describe actions performed by the same subject ('research'). Both verbs must agree with the singular subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Predikat majmuk: Ayat ini menggunakan dua kata kerja ('spans' dan 'continues') yang disambungkan oleh 'and' untuk menerangkan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek yang sama ('research'). Kedua-dua kata kerja ini mesti bersetuju dengan subjek tunggal.
The project starts in May and ends in December.
Projek ini bermula pada bulan Mei dan berakhir pada bulan Disember.
EN: The verb 'continue' followed by an infinitive (to + verb): This structure is used to indicate that an action or state keeps happening without stopping.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'continue' diikuti oleh infinitif (to + kata kerja): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu tindakan atau keadaan berterusan berlaku tanpa berhenti.
The team continues to work hard despite the setbacks.
Walaupun menghadapi halangan, pasukan itu terus bekerja keras.
EN: Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania is the site where Jane Goodall began her landmark study of chimpanzees in 1960. Her work there is considered the longest-running study of any animal group in the wild.
EN: The sentence starts with an Adjective Phrase ('Now over 90 years old') that functions as a reduced relative clause, providing additional information about the subject 'Jane'.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini bermula dengan frasa adjektif "Now over 90 years old" yang berfungsi sebagai klausa relatif yang diringkaskan, memberikan maklumat latar belakang tentang subjek "Jane".
Exhausted from the long flight, the traveler fell asleep immediately.
Kerana keletihan akibat penerbangan jarak jauh, penumpang itu terus tertidur.
EN: The Present Participle Phrase ('traveling 300 days a year...') acts as a modifier describing an ongoing action or a simultaneous state of the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini "traveling 300 days a year..." bertindak sebagai penerang, menerangkan tindakan berterusan atau keadaan serentak yang dilakukan oleh subjek.
He spent the afternoon in the park, reading a book under a tree.
Dia menghabiskan petang di taman, membaca buku di bawah pokok.
EN: Jane Goodall is a global icon of environmentalism. The mention of her traveling 300 days a year at age 90+ emphasizes the urgency of conservation efforts and her extraordinary personal commitment, which is highly respected in Western scientific and activist communities.
EN: The 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' she founded the institute.
Bahasa Melayu: Infinitif (to + kata kerja dasar) digunakan di sini sebagai adverba tujuan, menerangkan "mengapa" dia menubuhkan persatuan tersebut.
He saved money to buy a new car.
Dia menyimpan wang untuk membeli kereta baharu.
EN: The past simple tense ('founded') is used to describe a completed action that occurred at a specific time in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau mudah (founded) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada masa tertentu yang lalu.
The company was founded in 1990.
Syarikat ini ditubuhkan pada tahun 1990.
EN: The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) is a global community conservation organization. It is famous for continuing the work Jane Goodall started in Gombe, emphasizing that local people are central to conservation success.
EN: Appositives: A noun or noun phrase (a youth program) placed next to another noun (Roots & Shoots) to identify or explain it. It provides additional information without needing a full sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Apositif: Kata nama atau frasa nama (a youth program) yang diletakkan bersebelahan dengan kata nama lain (Roots & Shoots) untuk mengenal pasti atau menerangkannya. Ia memberikan maklumat tambahan tanpa memerlukan ayat penuh.
Mr. Smith, my favorite teacher, is retiring next month.
Encik Smith, guru kegemaran saya, akan bersara bulan depan.
EN: Relative Clauses with 'that': A dependent clause starting with 'that' (that empowers young people...) used to define or provide essential information about the preceding noun (program).
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif dengan 'that': Klausa subordinat yang bermula dengan 'that' (that empowers young people...) digunakan untuk mentakrifkan atau memberikan maklumat penting tentang kata nama sebelumnya (program).
I read a book that changed my perspective on life.
Saya membaca sebuah buku yang mengubah pandangan hidup saya.
EN: Roots & Shoots is a global program founded by Jane Goodall in 1991. The name symbolizes that roots create a firm foundation and shoots seem small but can break through walls to reach the light, representing the power of youth to change the world.
EN: The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It is followed by a noun phrase (the challenges), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata depan 'Despite' (walaupun) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan kontras. Ia diikuti oleh frasa nama (the challenges), bukan klausa penuh yang mengandungi subjek dan kata kerja.
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
Walaupun hujan lebat, perlawanan bola sepak tetap diteruskan.
EN: The present perfect tense (has seen) is used here to describe an experience that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has seen) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan pengalaman yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak pasti, dan pengalaman tersebut mempunyai kaitan dengan masa kini.
He has seen that movie three times already.
Dia telah menonton filem itu tiga kali.
EN: Jane Goodall is known for her radical optimism. Despite witnessing environmental destruction and animal cruelty, she emphasizes 'reasons for hope,' which has become a central theme of her global activism.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Revolusioner, terobosan, merujuk kepada perubahan radikal terhadap idea atau sistem sedia ada.
Dalam konteks: Pemerhatian, merujuk kepada pemerhatian yang teliti untuk tujuan saintifik atau penyelidikan.
Dalam konteks: Tidak saintifik, tidak mengikut prinsip saintifik.
Dalam konteks: Terobosan, inovatif, merujuk kepada pencapaian penting dalam sesuatu bidang.
Dalam konteks: Memperoleh, memenangi (ijazah, kebenaran, dll.).
Dalam konteks: Luar biasa, cemerlang, merujuk kepada jauh melebihi purata.
Dalam konteks: Perintis, terobosan, merujuk kepada memimpin penyelidikan dalam bidang baharu.
Dalam konteks: Tidak kenal penat, gigih dan tekun.
Dalam konteks: (Perlindungan terhadap sumber semula jadi, flora dan fauna) pemuliharaan, pemeliharaan.
Dalam konteks: Memberi kuasa, memberi kebenaran, membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To search for or try to catch something (literally or figuratively).
Memancing, mencari, cuba mendapatkan.
To have a strong effect on someone or something.
Memberi impak, memainkan peranan.
To extend across a specific period of time or distance.
Merangkumi, berlarutan (selama tempoh masa tertentu).
To question or doubt the truth or validity of existing ideas.
Mencabar kepercayaan, mempersoalkan keyakinan.
Individuals (animals or humans) that are being observed or experimented upon in a study.
Subjek kajian; peserta eksperimen
A particular branch of study or sphere of professional activity.
Bidang; skop profesional