Marie Curie: A Light in the DarkMarie Curie: Cahaya dalam Kegelapan
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EN: The verb 'choose' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) when it indicates a decision to perform an action. This is a common pattern for verbs expressing preference or intent.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'choose' (memilih) diikuti oleh 'infinitif' (to + kata kerja dasar) apabila ia menunjukkan keputusan untuk melakukan sesuatu tindakan. Ini adalah penggunaan biasa bagi kata kerja yang menyatakan keutamaan atau niat.
He chose to study architecture instead of medicine.
Dia memilih untuk belajar seni bina dan bukannya perubatan.
EN: The past participle phrase 'emitted by uranium' acts as an adjective (reduced relative clause) to modify the noun 'rays'. It is short for 'which were emitted by uranium'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'emitted by uranium' (yang dipancarkan oleh uranium) bertindak sebagai adjektif (klausa relatif diringkaskan) untuk menerangkan kata nama 'rays' (sinar). Ini adalah ringkasan daripada 'which were emitted by uranium'.
The heat generated by the sun provides energy for Earth.
Haba yang dihasilkan oleh matahari membekalkan tenaga kepada bumi.
EN: In the early 20th century, pursuing a PhD was extremely rare for women. Marie Curie's choice to study uranium was a bold move that challenged the gender norms of the academic world at the time.
EN: Participle Phrases: The sentence starts with 'Working...', which is a present participle phrase acting as an adverbial modifier. It describes the circumstances or background of the main action. The subject of the participle ('she and Pierre') must be the same as the subject of the main clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel: Ayat ini bermula dengan 'Working...', iaitu frasa partisipel kini yang berfungsi sebagai penerang adverba. Ia menerangkan keadaan atau latar belakang di mana tindakan utama berlaku. Subjek partisipel (dia dan Pierre) mesti sepadan dengan subjek klausa utama.
Walking down the street, I saw an old friend.
Semasa berjalan di jalan, saya terserempak dengan seorang kawan lama.
EN: Relative Clauses: The word 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that served as their laboratory') to provide essential information about the noun 'shed'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Relatif: Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa relatif penentu ('that served as their laboratory') yang memberikan maklumat penting tentang kata nama 'shed' (bangsal).
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
Buku yang saya beli semalam sangat menarik.
EN: The 'shed' mentioned refers to the famous abandoned shed at the ESPCI Paris where the Curies conducted their research. It highlights the humble and difficult conditions under which they made their Nobel-winning discoveries, emphasizing their dedication to science over comfort.
EN: The sentence uses a present participle phrase ('pushing...') as a resultative modifier. This structure indicates that the second action is a direct result or a simultaneous extension of the main verb 'discovered'.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan frasa partisipel kini ('pushing...') sebagai penerang hasil. Struktur ini menunjukkan bahawa tindakan kedua adalah hasil langsung atau lanjutan serentak daripada kata kerja utama 'discovered'.
The company released a new product, capturing a large share of the market.
Syarikat itu melancarkan produk baharu, merampas sebahagian besar bahagian pasaran.
EN: Appositives are used here ('polonium and radium') to rename or provide specific details about the preceding noun phrase ('two new elements').
Bahasa Melayu: Apositif digunakan di sini ('polonium and radium') untuk menamakan semula atau memberikan perincian khusus tentang frasa nama sebelumnya (two new elements).
He visited Tokyo, the capital of Japan.
Dia melawat Tokyo, iaitu ibu negara Jepun.
EN: The naming of 'polonium' was a political statement by Marie Curie; she named it after her native country, Poland, which at the time was not an independent nation. This highlights how scientific discovery can intersect with national identity.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (Reduced Relative Clause): The word 'illuminating' is a present participle used to describe a simultaneous action or a result of the main clause. It functions as an adverbial modifier, replacing 'and it illuminated'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (Klausa Relatif Diringkaskan): 'illuminating' ialah partisipel kini yang digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku serentak dengan klausa utama atau hasil yang dihasilkan oleh klausa utama. Ia berfungsi sebagai penerang adverba, menggantikan struktur 'and it illuminated'.
The sun rose over the horizon, painting the sky in shades of pink.
Matahari terbit dari ufuk, mewarnakan langit menjadi merah jambu.
EN: Prepositional Phrase with 'with': The phrase 'with an eerie light' indicates the instrument or means by which the action (illuminating) is performed.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Preposisi dengan 'with': Frasa 'with an eerie light' menunjukkan alat atau cara yang digunakan untuk melakukan tindakan (pencahayaan).
He cut the bread with a sharp knife.
Dia memotong roti dengan pisau yang tajam.
EN: The word 'eerie' is often used in literature to describe something that is strange and frightening in a mysterious way. In the context of Marie Curie, it refers to the faint blue-green glow of radium, which was beautiful but unknowingly dangerous due to radiation.
EN: Appositive Phrase: A noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'a truly unprecedented achievement' describes the entire previous clause or the act of winning the prize.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Apositif: Frasa nama yang terletak selepas kata nama atau klausa untuk menamakan semula atau memberi penerangan tambahan. Dalam ayat ini, 'a truly unprecedented achievement' digunakan untuk menerangkan pencapaian memenangi Hadiah Nobel yang disebut sebelum ini.
He bought a new car, a sleek red Ferrari.
Dia membeli sebuah kereta baharu, sebuah Ferrari merah yang licin.
EN: Infinitive as Adjective: The 'to + verb' (to win) structure is used here to modify the noun 'woman', specifying which woman she was.
Bahasa Melayu: Infinitif sebagai Adjektif: Struktur 'to + kata kerja' (to win) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan kata nama 'woman', menjelaskan dengan tepat aspek 'wanita pertama' yang mana.
She was the last person to leave the office.
Dia adalah orang terakhir yang meninggalkan pejabat.
EN: Marie Curie was the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). Her 1903 prize was in Physics, shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel.
EN: The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a resultative clause, indicating a consequence or result of the main action.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (V-ing) digunakan di sini sebagai klausa hasil, menunjukkan hasil atau kesan yang dihasilkan oleh tindakan klausa utama.
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the city.
Hujan lebat berterusan selama beberapa jam, menyebabkan banjir teruk di bandar.
EN: The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the reason or cause for which someone receives an award or recognition.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'for' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan sebab atau alasan seseorang menerima anugerah atau pengiktirafan.
He was famous for his contributions to modern art.
Dia terkenal kerana sumbangannya kepada seni moden.
EN: Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). Her sharing the prize with Pierre highlights the collaborative nature of their work, though she often faced more gender-based scrutiny than he did.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the person or thing affected by the action. Here, 'was shocked' emphasizes the community's reaction to the decision.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif (be + partisipel lampau): Digunakan apabila tumpuan diberikan kepada orang atau benda yang menerima tindakan. Di sini, 'was shocked' menekankan reaksi komuniti saintifik terhadap keputusan tersebut.
The students were surprised by the sudden announcement.
Para pelajar terkejut dengan pengumuman yang mengejutkan itu.
EN: Modal Verb 'Could' for Past Ability: 'Could' is the past tense of 'can', used here to express the perceived ability (or lack thereof) of a woman to achieve something in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Kerja Modal 'Could' untuk Kebolehan Lampau: 'Could' ialah bentuk lampau bagi 'can', digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan kebolehan wanita pada masa lampau seperti yang dilihat oleh orang ramai.
He didn't think he could finish the marathon.
Dia tidak fikir dia mampu menamatkan larian maraton.
EN: This sentence reflects the historical gender bias in academia during the early 20th century. Marie Curie faced significant skepticism because scientific achievement was then considered a male domain.
EN: The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast, meaning 'even though something happened or exists'. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (-ing form), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'Despite' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan kontras, bermaksud 'walaupun, meskipun'. Ia mesti diikuti oleh kata nama, frasa nama, atau gerund (bentuk -ing), dan tidak boleh diikuti oleh klausa penuh yang mengandungi subjek dan kata kerja.
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
Walaupun hujan lebat, perlawanan bola sepak tetap diteruskan.
EN: Passive Voice (was + past participle) is used here in 'recognition was finally given'. It focuses on the action being performed on the subject (recognition) rather than who performed the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif (was + partisipel lampau) digunakan di sini dalam 'recognition was finally given'. Ia menekankan tindakan yang ditanggung oleh subjek (pengiktirafan), bukan orang yang melakukan tindakan itu.
The lost keys were finally found under the sofa.
Kunci yang hilang akhirnya ditemui di bawah sofa.
EN: This sentence reflects the historical context of the early 20th century, where female scientists like Marie Curie faced significant gender bias. The term 'prejudice' specifically refers to the skepticism and barriers she encountered in the male-dominated scientific community.
EN: The use of 'when' as a relative adverb to introduce a non-restrictive relative clause, providing additional information about a specific time (1906).
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'when' sebagai adverba relatif untuk memperkenalkan klausa relatif bukan penentu, memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang titik masa tertentu (tahun 1906).
I remember the day when we first met.
Saya masih ingat hari pertama kali kita bertemu.
EN: The present participle phrase (V-ing) 'leaving...' acts as a resultative clause, describing a consequence or a simultaneous state resulting from the main action.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini (V-ing) 'leaving...' bertindak sebagai klausa hasil, menerangkan akibat atau keadaan serentak yang dihasilkan oleh tindakan klausa utama.
The storm hit the city, causing widespread power outages.
Ribut melanda bandar itu, menyebabkan gangguan bekalan elektrik secara besar-besaran.
EN: Pierre Curie's death was a significant historical event in the scientific community. He was killed by a horse-drawn carriage in Paris, a common type of 'street accident' before the era of automobiles.
EN: The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), never a full clause with a subject and verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'Despite' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan kontras. Ia mesti diikuti oleh kata nama, frasa nama, atau gerund (V-ing), dan tidak boleh diikuti oleh klausa penuh yang mengandungi subjek dan kata kerja.
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go hiking.
Walaupun hujan lebat, mereka tetap memutuskan untuk pergi mendaki.
EN: The verb 'refuse' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) to indicate what action someone is declining to do.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'refuse' (menolak) diikuti oleh 'infinitif' (to + kata kerja dasar) untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang seseorang enggan lakukan.
He refused to answer any more questions.
Dia enggan menjawab sebarang soalan lagi.
EN: The phrasal verb 'take over' means to assume control or responsibility for something that someone else was doing previously.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kerja 'take over' bermaksud mengambil alih kawalan atau tanggungjawab untuk sesuatu, merujuk kepada menggantikan orang lain yang sebelum ini memegang peranan tersebut.
He will take over the family business after his father retires.
Selepas bapanya bersara, dia akan mengambil alih perniagaan keluarga.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (-ing): Used here as a result or simultaneous action to describe the effect of the main clause ('She took over...').
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (-ing): Digunakan di sini sebagai hasil atau tindakan serentak untuk menerangkan kesan atau keadaan yang berlaku serentak dengan klausa utama (dia menggantikan jawatan...).
The storm hit the city, causing widespread power outages.
Ribut melanda bandar itu, menyebabkan bekalan elektrik terputus secara besar-besaran.
EN: The Sorbonne is one of the most prestigious universities in France. In the early 20th century, it was extremely rare for women to hold academic positions, making Marie Curie's appointment a landmark event in gender equality in science.
EN: The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a resultative or descriptive modifier, indicating an action that happens simultaneously with or as a direct result of the main clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (V-ing) digunakan di sini sebagai penerang hasil atau deskriptif, menunjukkan tindakan yang berlaku serentak dengan atau sebagai akibat langsung daripada tindakan klausa utama.
The athlete won the gold medal, breaking the world record in the process.
Atlet itu memenangi pingat emas, dan dalam proses itu memecahkan rekod dunia.
EN: The use of 'the first + noun + to-infinitive' is a common structure to describe someone who achieves something before anyone else.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'the first + kata nama + to-infinitif' ialah struktur biasa untuk menerangkan seseorang yang mencapai sesuatu lebih awal daripada orang lain.
He was the first person to arrive at the party.
Dia adalah orang pertama yang tiba di parti itu.
EN: The Sorbonne is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world, located in Paris. For Marie Curie to teach there in the early 20th century was a massive milestone for women's rights in academia.
EN: The use of a colon (:) is employed here to introduce an explanation or elaboration of the 'unprecedented feat' mentioned in the first clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Titik bertindih (:) digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan penjelasan atau perincian khusus tentang 'kejayaan yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini' yang disebut dalam ayat sebelumnya.
He had one goal: to break the world record.
Dia mempunyai satu matlamat: memecahkan rekod dunia.
EN: Apposition (Noun Phrases in Apposition): 'this time in chemistry' acts as an appositive phrase that provides additional specific information about the 'second Nobel Prize'.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur Apositif: 'this time in chemistry' bertindak sebagai frasa apositif, memberikan maklumat tambahan yang khusus tentang 'Hadiah Nobel kedua'.
She visited Paris, the city of lights.
Dia melawat Paris, kota cahaya.
EN: Marie Curie remains the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry), a fact highlighted by the word 'unprecedented'.
EN: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or event in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Lampau Sempurna (had + partisipel lampau): Digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum satu masa atau peristiwa tertentu pada masa lampau.
He had already finished his dinner when I arrived.
Apabila saya tiba, dia sudah pun makan malam.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): The phrase 'solidifying...' acts as a resultative clause, describing the consequence of the main action mentioned in the first part of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (V-ing): Frasa 'solidifying...' di sini bertindak sebagai klausa hasil, menerangkan akibat yang dihasilkan oleh tindakan utama yang disebut dalam bahagian awal ayat.
The storm destroyed the bridge, cutting off the village from the city.
Ribut itu memusnahkan jambatan, menyebabkan kampung itu terputus hubungan dengan bandar.
EN: Marie Curie remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). This emphasizes her unique contribution to science, as most multi-award winners receive them in the same field or for peace.
EN: The phrasal verb 'lead to' (past tense: 'led to') means to result in or cause something to happen. It is often used to describe the outcome of research or actions.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kerja 'lead to' (bentuk lampau: 'led to') bermaksud 'mengakibatkan' atau 'menyebabkan' sesuatu berlaku. Ia sering digunakan untuk menerangkan hasil penyelidikan atau tindakan.
The new government policy led to a significant decrease in unemployment.
Dasar baharu kerajaan itu menyebabkan penurunan ketara dalam kadar pengangguran.
EN: Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The word 'which' introduces extra information about the preceding noun phrase ('the development of medical X-rays'). It is separated by a comma and is not essential for identifying the noun.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Relatif Bukan Penentu: Perkataan 'which' memperkenalkan klausa yang memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang frasa nama sebelumnya (perkembangan X-ray perubatan). Penggunaan ini biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma, dan maklumat tersebut bukanlah penting untuk mengenal pasti kata nama itu.
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
Dia membeli kereta baru, yang menghabiskan banyak wangnya.
EN: Marie Curie personally drove 'Little Curies' (mobile X-ray units) to the front lines during World War I to help surgeons locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers, demonstrating the practical application of her scientific discoveries.
EN: The phrasal verb 'live on' means to continue to exist or be remembered after a person's death or after a specific time.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kerja 'live on' bermaksud terus wujud atau diingati selepas seseorang meninggal dunia atau selepas satu masa tertentu; pengaruh, nama, atau semangat seseorang itu kekal.
The artist's memory lives on through his beautiful paintings.
Kenangan artis itu kekal abadi melalui lukisan-lukisannya yang indah.
EN: The structure 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to identify a single member within a group that holds the highest degree of a quality.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'one of the + adjektif superlatif + kata nama jamak' digunakan untuk mengenal pasti salah seorang ahli dalam kumpulan yang memiliki sifat pada tahap tertinggi.
He is one of the most talented musicians in the country.
Dia adalah salah seorang pemuzik paling berbakat di negara ini.
EN: Marie Curie is a global icon of scientific perseverance. The term 'legacy' in English-speaking academic contexts often refers not just to money or property, but to the lasting impact of a person's discoveries and the barriers they broke for others.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: menyiasat, mengkaji
Dalam konteks: memancarkan, mengeluarkan
Dalam konteks: tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini, tiada tandingan
Dalam konteks: terobosan, perintis
Dalam konteks: prasangka, diskriminasi
Dalam konteks: tidak dapat dinafikan, pasti benar
Dalam konteks: teramat sedih, terkejut dan pilu
Dalam konteks: meninggalkan, menghentikan
Dalam konteks: azam, keazaman
Dalam konteks: memantapkan, mengukuhkan
Dalam konteks: berpengaruh
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To extend the limits of what is possible or known.
Mencabar had, melangkaui sempadan
To assume control or responsibility for something.
Mengambil alih
To overcome obstacles or prejudices that prevent progress.
Memecahkan halangan, meruntuhkan tembok pemisah
A sudden and very sad event happened.
Tragedi berlaku, malapetaka menimpa
The highest university degree that is conferred after a course of study and research in any field, not just philosophy.
Ijazah Kedoktoran (PhD)
Pure substances consisting of atoms that all have the same number of protons; the primary constituents of matter.
Unsur kimia
Streams of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by a radioactive substance.
Sinar / Sinaran
A formal job or rank within an institution, especially in academia.
Jawatan / Kedudukan akademik