‘British food will disappear’: trade deal after Brexit is hitting UK farmers hard"Makanan British Akan Lenyap": Perjanjian Dagangan Pasca-Brexit Menjejaskan Petani UK dengan Teruk
Pratonton Audio Lengkap
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EN: The subordinating conjunction 'as' is used here to mean 'because' or 'since', introducing a clause that explains the reason or cause for the main action (the financial crisis). It is commonly used in formal and journalistic registers to establish a direct causal link.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "as" di sini bermakna "kerana" atau "oleh sebab", memperkenalkan klausa yang menerangkan sebab bagi tindakan utama (krisis kewangan). Ini sangat biasa dalam gaya formal dan berita, untuk mewujudkan hubungan sebab-akibat yang langsung.
The company decided to downsize as its quarterly profits had plummeted.
Oleh kerana keuntungan suku tahunan merosot secara mendadak, syarikat itu memutuskan untuk mengurangkan saiz operasinya.
EN: The verb 'confront' is a transitive verb meaning to face up to and deal with a problem or difficult situation. In the present continuous tense ('are confronting'), it emphasizes an ongoing, active struggle with a current challenge.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "confront" adalah kata kerja transitif yang bermakna menghadapi atau menangani masalah atau keadaan yang sukar. Di sini, penggunaan bentuk kini berterusan ("are confronting") menekankan bahawa mereka sedang berhadapan dengan cabaran semasa secara berterusan dan aktif.
Many coastal cities are confronting the immediate threats of rising sea levels.
Banyak bandar pantai sedang menghadapi ancaman segera dari kenaikan paras laut.
EN: The phrase 'flood... with...' is a figurative dynamic verb pattern where 'flood' (normally meaning to overflow with water) is used to describe a large, overwhelming quantity of something entering a place. The preposition 'with' introduces the substance or items that are overwhelming the space.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "flood... with..." (memenuhi/menenggelamkan dengan...) adalah pola kata kerja dinamik yang bersifat kiasan, di mana "flood" (asalnya bermakna banjir) digunakan untuk menerangkan kemasukan orang atau benda yang banyak dan melampau ke sesuatu tempat. Kata sendi "with" memperkenalkan benda yang memenuhi ruang tersebut.
The customer service department was flooded with complaints after the system outage.
Selepas gangguan sistem, jabatan perkhidmatan pelanggan dibanjiri dengan aduan.
EN: This sentence reflects the ongoing economic and political debates in the United Kingdom following its departure from the European Union (Brexit). Post-Brexit, the UK government signed new free trade agreements with countries like Australia and New Zealand. British farmers have expressed deep concern that these deals lower import tariffs, allowing cheaper agricultural products to enter the UK market, which they argue creates unfair competition due to different production standards and lower costs abroad.
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (introduced by 'who', 'which', etc.) provide extra, non-essential information about a noun and are set off by commas. In this sentence, 'who farms 647 hectares in Wiltshire, south-west England' adds background details about Liz Webster without changing her identity.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan pembatas (yang diperkenalkan oleh "who", "which", dll.) memberikan maklumat tambahan yang tidak penting tentang kata nama, dan dipisahkan dengan koma. Dalam ayat ini, "who farms 647 hectares in Wiltshire, south-west England" menambah maklumat latar belakang tentang Liz Webster, tetapi tidak menjejaskan identifikasinya.
Mr. Davies, who has managed the estate for twenty years, is planning to retire next month.
Encik Davis, yang telah menguruskan harta tanah ini selama dua puluh tahun, bercadang untuk bersara pada bulan hadapan.
EN: The verb 'witness' can be followed by an object and an objective complement in the form of a past participle (passive voice) or bare infinitive/present participle (active voice). Here, 'witnessed [each beef animal] wiped off' uses the past participle 'wiped' to describe a passive action or state of reduction that happened to the object.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "witness" (menyaksikan/melihat) boleh diikuti oleh objek dan pelengkap objek. Pelengkap boleh menjadi partisipel masa lalu (menunjukkan pasif) atau kata kerja dasar/partisipel kini (menunjukkan aktif). Di sini, "witnessed [each beef animal] wiped off" menggunakan partisipel masa lalu "wiped" untuk menggambarkan keadaan pasif yang dialami oleh objek.
The company witnessed its market share eroded by aggressive foreign competitors.
Syarikat itu menyaksikan bahagian pasarannya dimakan oleh pesaing asing yang agresif.
EN: The phrasal verb 'wipe off' in a financial context means to reduce the value of something by a particular amount. It is often used in passive constructions or as a participle modifying a noun to indicate a sudden or significant loss in value.
Bahasa Melayu: Dalam konteks kewangan, kata kerja frasa "wipe off" bermaksud mengurangkan nilai sesuatu dengan jumlah tertentu. Ia sering digunakan dalam struktur pasif atau sebagai partisipel untuk menerangkan kata nama, untuk menunjukkan kehilangan nilai yang mendadak atau besar.
Nearly ten billion dollars was wiped off the value of the technology stocks yesterday.
Nilai pasaran saham teknologi jatuh hampir sepuluh bilion dolar semalam.
EN: Wiltshire is a ceremonial county in south-west England characterized by its high downland and valleys, historically deeply rooted in agriculture and livestock farming. The mention of 'pounds wiped off each beef animal' reflects the direct, localized economic impact of post-Brexit trade agreements (such as the UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement) on traditional British family farms, which struggle to compete with the scale and lower production costs of imported meat.
EN: The non-defining relative clause (reduced here to a participle phrase) 'typically fetching...' is used parenthetically to provide extra, non-essential information about the noun 'livestock'. The verb 'fetch' in this context means to be sold for a particular price.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan pembatas (yang diringgaskan di sini menjadi frasa partisipel) "typically fetching..." dipersembahkan sebagai sisipan untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan yang tidak penting tentang kata nama "livestock" (ternakan). Kata kerja "fetch" dalam konteks ini bermakna "dijual dengan harga".
The antique vase, fetching over ten thousand dollars at auction, was a rare family heirloom.
Vas antik yang dijual dengan harga lebih daripada sepuluh ribu dolar di lelongan itu adalah pusaka yang jarang berlaku.
EN: The phrasal verb 'stem from' means to originate from or be caused by something. It is commonly used in formal and academic registers to trace the root cause of a problem or situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa "stem from" bermakna berasal dari atau disebabkan oleh sesuatu. Ia sering digunakan dalam bahasa formal dan akademik untuk mengesan punca masalah atau keadaan.
Many of the company's current financial difficulties stem from poor management decisions made last year.
Banyak masalah kewangan yang dihadapi oleh syarikat ini sekarang berasal dari keputusan pengurusan yang buruk yang dibuat tahun lepas.
EN: The structure 'from [noun] [present participle]' (from Australian imports entering the market) functions as a prepositional object where the participle 'entering' describes the action performed by the noun 'imports'. This acts as a gerund-equivalent clause, focusing on the event as a whole.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "from [kata nama] [partisipel kini]" (from Australian imports entering the market) berfungsi sebagai objek kata sendi, di mana partisipel "entering" menerangkan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh kata nama "imports (barang import)". Ini berperanan seperti klausa gerund, dengan tumpuan pada berlakunya keseluruhan peristiwa itu.
The delay resulted from passengers failing to board the plane on time.
Kelewatan ini berpunca daripada penumpang yang gagal menaiki pesawat tepat pada masanya.
EN: The sentence highlights the economic impact of post-Brexit trade deals on British agriculture. The term 'per head' is standard agricultural jargon used when pricing livestock individually. The reference to 'Australian imports' reflects the controversial UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement, which British farmers argue allows cheaper, lower-standard meat to undercut domestic produce.
EN: The clause 'should current trends persist' is an inverted conditional clause, equivalent to 'if current trends should persist'. In formal and literary English, 'if' can be omitted, and the auxiliary verb 'should' is inverted with the subject to express a hypothetical or conditional situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa "should current trends persist" ialah klausa bersyarat songsang, bersamaan dengan "if current trends should persist". Dalam bahasa Inggeris formal dan bertulis, "if" boleh digugurkan dan kata bantu "should" disongsangkan dengan subjek untuk menunjukkan keadaan andaian atau syarat.
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan lanjut, sila hubungi kami pada bila-bila masa.
EN: The reporting verb 'cautioned' is followed by a 'that'-clause functioning as the direct object, which reports the content of the warning. This structure is common in formal reporting and journalism to convey a serious warning or prediction.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja pelapor "cautioned" diikuti oleh klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh "that" yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung untuk menyampaikan kandungan amaran. Struktur ini sangat biasa dalam laporan formal dan penulisan berita, digunakan untuk menyampaikan amaran atau ramalan yang serius.
The economist cautioned that inflation could rise rapidly in the coming months.
Ahli ekonomi itu memberi amaran bahawa inflasi mungkin meningkat dengan cepat dalam beberapa bulan akan datang.
EN: The modal verb 'would' is used here in the 'that'-clause to express a future-in-the-past or a hypothetical result of a condition (the inverted 'should' clause), indicating what would happen if the trends were to continue.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal "would" digunakan di sini dalam klausa "that" untuk menyatakan masa hadapan dalam masa lampau atau hasil andaian di bawah syarat tertentu (iaitu klausa "should" yang disongsangkan), menunjukkan apa yang akan berlaku jika trend berterusan.
She believed that the project would succeed if they secured enough funding.
Dia percaya bahawa projek itu akan berjaya jika mereka dapat memperoleh dana yang mencukupi.
EN: This sentence reflects the ongoing post-Brexit agricultural debate in the United Kingdom. British farmers face intense competition from cheaper agricultural imports due to new free trade agreements (such as those with Australia). The term 'mainstream supermarkets' refers to major UK grocery chains (like Tesco, Sainsbury's, and Asda) which dominate the food retail market and dictate pricing, heavily influencing the viability of domestic farming.
EN: The use of 'would' in noun clauses content-dependent on a past-tense reporting verb (argued) represents the 'future-in-the-past'. It projects a future outcome from a past perspective.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "would" dalam klausa kata yang bergantung pada kata kerja pelaporan masa lampau (seperti argued) menunjukkan "masa hadapan dalam masa lampau" (future-in-the-past). Ia meramalkan hasil masa hadapan dari sudut pandang masa lampau.
The economists predicted that inflation would stabilize by the end of the fiscal year.
Ahli ekonomi meramalkan bahawa inflasi akan stabil sebelum akhir tahun kewangan.
EN: The adjective 'accessible' is followed by a reduced relative clause ('accessible only to...'), which functions as a post-positive modifier modifying 'a niche product'. This is a shortened form of 'which is accessible only to...'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sifat "accessible" memperkenalkan klausa kata sifat yang diringkaskan (asalnya "which is accessible only to...") sebagai penerang selepas kata nama untuk menerangkan "a niche product" (produk khusus).
The summit is a remote area, accessible only to experienced climbers.
Puncak gunung adalah kawasan terpencil yang hanya boleh dicapai oleh pendaki yang berpengalaman.
EN: The present participle phrase 'willing to pay premium prices' acts as an adjectival modifier describing 'wealthy consumers'. It is equivalent to the relative clause 'who are willing to pay...'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini "willing to pay premium prices" digunakan sebagai penerang kata sifat untuk menerangkan "wealthy consumers" (pengguna kaya). Ini bersamaan dengan klausa relatif "who are willing to pay...".
The company is looking for candidates willing to travel internationally.
Syarikat itu sedang mencari calon yang bersedia untuk bekerja di luar negara.
EN: The sentence reflects the post-Brexit agricultural debate in the UK. British farmers, facing high domestic standards and costs, worry that free trade agreements (like those with Australia) will allow cheaper, lower-standard imports to undercut them, turning high-quality British produce into a luxury 'niche' item that only the wealthy can afford, while the general public consumes cheaper imports.
EN: The use of 'meaning' as a participle clause (or free adjunct) to introduce a logical consequence of the entire preceding clause. It functions similarly to ', which means that...'.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan partisipel kini "meaning" untuk memperkenalkan frasa partisipel, untuk menerangkan akibat logik yang dibawa oleh seluruh klausa utama sebelumnya, yang berfungsi seperti ", which means that..." (yang bermaksud...).
The company decided to automate its production line, meaning fewer manual labor jobs would be available.
Syarikat itu memutuskan untuk mengautomasikan barisan pengeluaran, yang bermakna peluang pekerjaan untuk buruh manual akan berkurang.
EN: The contrastive structure 'A rather than B' is used to reject alternative B and emphasize that alternative A is the correct one. When used as a subject, the verb agrees with A.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur kontrastif "A rather than B" (A dan bukan B) digunakan untuk menolak pilihan B dan menekankan bahawa A adalah yang betul. Apabila struktur ini menjadi subjek, kata kerja tunggal atau jamak biasanya sepadan dengan A.
It is the consumers rather than the manufacturer who benefit most from this price war.
Dalam perang harga ini, yang paling mendapat manfaat ialah pengguna, bukan pengeluar.
EN: The linking verb 'remain' followed by an adjective ('unchanged') to describe a continuing state. The adverb 'broadly' modifies the adjective to mean 'generally' or 'mostly'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja penghubung "remain" diikuti oleh kata sifat (unchanged) untuk menerangkan keadaan yang berterusan. Kata keterangan "broadly" menerangkan kata sifat itu, bermakna "secara umum" atau "pada dasarnya".
Despite the political turmoil, the country's economic policies have remained broadly stable.
Walaupun berlaku pergolakan politik, dasar ekonomi negara itu masih kekal stabil secara umum.
EN: This sentence reflects the ongoing economic tensions in post-Brexit British agriculture. While trade deals with countries like Australia allow cheaper meat to enter the UK, consumers do not see lower prices at supermarkets. Instead, major supermarket chains (retailers) absorb the lower costs to increase their own profit margins, leaving both domestic farmers and consumers disadvantaged.
EN: The verb 'extend' is used here intransitively to describe the scope or reach of an effect, damage, or influence, often paired with prepositions like 'beyond' or 'to'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "extend" digunakan di sini sebagai kata kerja tak transitif untuk menerangkan skop atau tahap pengaruh, kerosakan, atau kesan, dan sering digabungkan dengan kata sendi "beyond" (melebihi) atau "to" (hingga).
The influence of this artistic movement extends far beyond Europe.
Pengaruh pergerakan seni ini jauh melampaui Eropah.
EN: The adverb 'well' is used as an intensifier before prepositions (like 'beyond', 'above', 'below', 'before', 'after') to mean 'significantly' or 'to a great extent'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan "well" digunakan sebagai penguat sebelum kata sendi (seperti "beyond", "above", "below", "before", "after"), bermakna "jauh" atau "sangat".
The final cost of the project was well above the original budget.
Kos akhir projek itu jauh lebih tinggi daripada belanjawan asal.
EN: The noun 'sector' refers to a distinct part or branch of a nation's economy or society (e.g., the public sector, the agricultural sector). In this context, 'the beef sector' refers specifically to the industry involved in producing and selling beef.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata nama "sektor" merujuk kepada bahagian atau cabang tertentu dalam ekonomi atau masyarakat sesebuah negara (contohnya: sektor awam, sektor pertanian). Dalam konteks ini, "sektor daging lembu" merujuk kepada industri yang berkaitan dengan pengeluaran dan penjualan daging lembu.
The technology sector has seen rapid growth over the past decade.
Sektor teknologi telah mengalami pertumbuhan pesat dalam dekad yang lalu.
EN: The past participle phrase 'published last year' acts as an adjective modifying the noun phrase 'A comprehensive study'. This is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'which was published last year'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau "published last year" digunakan di sini sebagai kata sifat untuk menerangkan frasa nama "A comprehensive study" (satu kajian menyeluruh). Ini adalah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan daripada "which was published last year".
The report released yesterday highlights the urgent need for economic reform.
Laporan yang diterbitkan semalam menekankan keperluan mendesak untuk pembaharuan ekonomi.
EN: The past perfect tense ('had plummeted') is used to indicate an action that was completed before another action in the past (the revealing of the study, which is in the simple past 'revealed').
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja kala lampau sempurna (had plummeted) digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan atau keadaan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain pada masa lampau (di sini merujuk kepada "revealed" yang merupakan kata kerja lampau dalam kajian).
By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped.
Pencuri-pencuri itu telah melarikan diri sebelum polis tiba.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used to express the margin or degree of change, followed by a quantity or fraction (e.g., 'by nearly half', 'by 20%').
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi "by" digunakan untuk menyatakan margin atau tahap perubahan, diikuti oleh jumlah atau pecahan (contohnya "by nearly half" hampir separuh, "by 20%" dua puluh peratus).
The company's profits increased by thirty percent this quarter.
Keuntungan syarikat itu meningkat sebanyak tiga puluh peratus pada suku tahun ini.
EN: This sentence reflects the severe economic impact of post-Brexit trade barriers on British agriculture. The 'European Union' (EU) was historically the largest and most seamless market for British agricultural exports. Following Brexit, the introduction of customs checks, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) controls, and paperwork led to a drastic decline in export volumes, particularly in perishable goods like farmed food and livestock.
EN: The adverb 'Simultaneously' is used as a sentence connector to indicate that two events are happening at the exact same time. It is often placed at the beginning of a sentence followed by a comma to establish a temporal link with the preceding sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan "Simultaneously" (pada masa yang sama) digunakan sebagai penghubung ayat untuk menunjukkan bahawa dua peristiwa berlaku pada masa yang sama. Ia biasanya diletakkan di awal ayat dan diikuti dengan koma, untuk mewujudkan hubungan masa dengan ayat sebelumnya.
Simultaneously, the central bank raised interest rates to curb inflation.
Pada masa yang sama, bank pusat menaikkan kadar faedah untuk mengawal inflasi.
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used here to express contrast between two simultaneous facts or trends, rather than just a temporal relationship. It connects two independent clauses of equal grammatical weight.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "while" digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan kontras antara dua fakta atau trend yang berlaku pada masa yang sama, bukan hanya hubungan masa. Ia menghubungkan dua klausa yang sama penting dari segi tatabahasa.
The tech sector experienced rapid growth, while traditional manufacturing continued to decline.
Sektor teknologi mengalami pertumbuhan pesat, manakala sektor pembuatan tradisional terus merosot.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used with percentages and fractions (e.g., 'by thirty-five percent', 'by a third') to indicate the margin or degree of change (increase or decrease) relative to the original amount.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi "by" digunakan dengan peratusan dan pecahan (contohnya "by thirty-five percent", "by a third") untuk menunjukkan jumlah atau tahap perubahan (peningkatan atau penurunan) berbanding dengan jumlah asal.
The company managed to reduce its carbon emissions by forty percent within three years.
Syarikat itu berjaya mengurangkan pelepasan karbon sebanyak empat puluh peratus dalam masa tiga tahun.
EN: This sentence describes the economic fallout of post-Brexit trade agreements on British agriculture. The sharp decline in both the value and variety of exports to the European Union highlights the administrative and logistical barriers introduced after the UK left the EU single market and customs union, which previously allowed frictionless trade.
EN: The past participle phrase 'conducted by...' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'Analysis'. This is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'Analysis which was conducted by...'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel masa lalu "conducted by..." (dijalankan oleh...) berfungsi sebagai kata sifat untuk menerangkan kata nama "Analysis" (analisis). Ini adalah klausa relatif yang diringgaskan, daripada "Analysis which was conducted by...".
The survey conducted by the research team revealed unexpected consumer trends.
Kajian yang dijalankan oleh pasukan penyelidik mendedahkan trend pengguna yang tidak dijangka.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used to indicate the specific amount or degree of change (increase or decrease) after verbs like 'drop', 'fall', 'rise', or 'increase'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi "by" digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah atau tahap perubahan yang spesifik (peningkatan atau penurunan) selepas kata kerja seperti "drop" (turun), "fall" (jatuh), "rise" (naik), atau "increase" (meningkat).
The company's annual revenue increased by fifteen percent compared to last year.
Berbanding dengan tahun lepas, pendapatan tahunan syarikat itu meningkat sebanyak lima belas peratus.
EN: The absolute construction 'with + noun + participle/adjective' is used here to provide accompanying circumstances or additional details that support the main clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "with + kata nama + partisipel/kata sifat" digunakan di sini untuk memberikan keadaan yang menyertai atau butiran tambahan untuk menyokong hujah dalam klausa utama.
The storm passed quickly, with the sun finally breaking through the heavy clouds.
Ribut itu berlalu dengan cepat, dan akhirnya matahari menembusi awan yang tebal.
EN: The 'National Farmers' Union' (NFU) is the leading trade association for farmers in England and Wales. In the context of post-Brexit trade, the NFU has been highly vocal about the challenges faced by British agriculture, particularly regarding competition from tariff-free imports from countries like Australia and New Zealand, which operate under different regulatory and cost structures.
EN: Negative Inversion with 'Not only': When a sentence begins with a negative adverbial phrase like 'Not only', the subject and the auxiliary verb are inverted (subject-auxiliary inversion). This structure is used for emphasis and is common in formal or literary contexts.
Bahasa Melayu: Pembalikan negatif dengan "Not only": Apabila ayat bermula dengan frasa kata keterangan negatif seperti "Not only", subjek dan kata kerja bantu perlu disongsangkan (pembalikan subjek-kata kerja). Struktur ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan penekanan, dan sering ditemui dalam konteks formal atau sastera.
Not only did they lose the contract, but they also had to pay a hefty fine.
Mereka bukan sahaja kehilangan kontrak, tetapi juga terpaksa membayar denda yang besar.
EN: The idiom 'bear the brunt of': To bear the brunt of something means to suffer the worst or main force of an adverse blow, impact, or situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "bear the brunt of" (menanggung beban / menjadi sasaran utama): Bermakna menanggung bahagian yang paling teruk atau utama daripada kesan, pengaruh, atau situasi yang tidak menyenangkan.
Small businesses bore the brunt of the economic recession.
Perniagaan kecil menanggung beban utama dalam kemelesetan ekonomi.
EN: The idiom 'feel the sting': To feel the sting of something means to experience the painful, unpleasant, or negative consequences of an event or action.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "feel the sting" (merasakan kesakitan / merasa pedih): Bermakna mengalami kesakitan, ketidakselesaan, atau akibat negatif daripada sesuatu peristiwa atau tindakan.
Middle-class families are beginning to feel the sting of rising inflation.
Keluarga kelas menengah mula merasakan kesakitan akibat inflasi yang meningkat.
EN: The past perfect tense ('had already added') is used here to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past (the time when the study was conducted in 2023).
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja masa lampau sempurna (had already added) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan atau kesan yang telah selesai sebelum titik masa tertentu pada masa lampau (iaitu masa kajian dijalankan pada tahun 2023).
By the time the report was published, inflation had already reached a record high.
Pada masa laporan itu diterbitkan, kadar inflasi telah mencapai paras tertinggi dalam sejarah.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as the direct object of the reporting verb 'estimated', indicating the content of the estimation.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa kata nama yang diperkenalkan oleh "that" berfungsi sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja pelaporan "estimated", untuk menyatakan kandungan anggaran tersebut.
Experts estimated that the new policy would boost economic growth by two percent.
Pakar menganggarkan bahawa dasar baru akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebanyak dua peratus.
EN: The preposition 'across' is used to mean 'in every part of' a country or region, emphasizing widespread impact.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi "across" di sini bermakna "di seluruh" atau "seluruh kawasan", untuk menekankan keluasan kesan.
The storm caused widespread power outages across the state.
Ribut itu menyebabkan gangguan bekalan elektrik yang meluas di seluruh negeri.
EN: The term 'Brexit' (a portmanteau of 'British' and 'exit') refers to the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, which became official on January 31, 2020. This event has had profound and ongoing economic consequences, particularly regarding trade barriers, labor shortages, and food import costs within the UK.
EN: The sentence uses an inverted conditional structure (also known as 'had/were/should inversion') to express a hypothetical situation in the future (Second Conditional). 'Were the government to reconsider' is a formal, literary equivalent of 'If the government were to reconsider'. This structure elevates the register and emphasizes the hypothetical nature of the condition.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur bersyarat songsang (juga dikenali sebagai pembalikan had/were/should) untuk menyatakan andaian tentang keadaan masa hadapan (kondisi jenis kedua). "Were the government to reconsider" adalah ungkapan formal dan sastera yang sama dengan "If the government were to reconsider". Struktur ini meningkatkan tahap bahasa dan menekankan sifat hipotesis keadaan tersebut.
Were they to accept our proposal, we would begin the project immediately.
Sekiranya mereka menerima cadangan kami, kami akan memulakan projek itu dengan serta-merta.
EN: The adverb 'yet' is used here to mean 'still' or 'even now, despite what has happened.' It is placed before the main verb 'find' to indicate that although the situation is difficult, a positive outcome remains a possibility.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan "yet" di sini bermakna "masih" atau "walaupun apa yang telah berlaku, sehingga kini". Ia diletakkan sebelum kata kerja utama "find" untuk menunjukkan bahawa walaupun keadaan sukar, masih ada kemungkinan untuk mendapat hasil yang positif.
Despite the setbacks, we may yet succeed in achieving our goals.
Walaupun menghadapi halangan, kita mungkin masih dapat mencapai matlamat kita.
EN: The modal verb 'might' combined with the bare infinitive 'find' expresses a tentative possibility. It suggests that the outcome is possible but not guaranteed, which fits the cautious tone of analytical journalism.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal "might" digabungkan dengan kata kerja dasar "find" untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang tentatif. Ini menunjukkan bahawa hasil itu mungkin tetapi tidak pasti, sesuai dengan nada berhati-hati dalam laporan analisis.
With proper funding, the research team might discover a cure.
Dengan dana yang mencukupi, pasukan penyelidik mungkin dapat mencari penawar.
EN: This sentence reflects the ongoing debate in post-Brexit United Kingdom regarding agricultural policy. Following its exit from the European Union, the British government signed independent free trade agreements with countries like Australia. British farmers argue these deals undercut domestic standards and prices, leading to calls for the government to reconsider its trade policy framework to protect local agriculture.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'without + noun' is used here as a conditional shorthand, equivalent to 'if there is no intervention' or 'if we do not intervene'. It sets up a hypothetical condition.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kata sendi "tanpa + kata nama" digunakan di sini sebagai ungkapan ringkas untuk ayat bersyarat, bersamaan dengan "jika tiada campur tangan" atau "jika kita tidak campur tangan". Ia mewujudkan keadaan hipotetikal.
Without immediate funding, the research project will be suspended.
Tanpa suntikan dana segera, projek penyelidikan itu akan dihentikan.
EN: The noun 'prospect' is followed by the preposition 'of' and a gerund phrase ('homegrown produce becoming...'). In this structure, 'homegrown produce' acts as the subject of the gerund 'becoming'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata nama "prospect" (prospek/kemungkinan) diikuti oleh kata sendi "of" dan frasa gerund (homegrown produce becoming...). Dalam struktur ini, "homegrown produce" (hasil tempatan) berfungsi sebagai subjek logik bagi gerund "becoming" (menjadi).
The prospect of the company expanding into Asia excited the investors.
Prospek syarikat untuk berkembang ke Asia membuat pelabur berasa teruja.
EN: The linking verb 'appears' is followed by a predicate adjective phrase 'increasingly plausible'. 'Increasingly' is an adverb modifying the adjective 'plausible', indicating a growing degree of credibility or likelihood.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja penghubung "appears" (kelihatan) diikuti oleh frasa kata sifat "increasingly plausible" sebagai pelengkap kata sifat. "Increasingly" adalah kata keterangan yang menerangkan kata sifat "plausible" (munasabah/boleh dipercayai), menunjukkan bahawa tahap kebolehpercayaan atau kemungkinan semakin meningkat.
His explanation of the events appears highly plausible.
Penjelasannya tentang peristiwa itu kelihatan sangat munasabah.
EN: This sentence reflects the ongoing post-Brexit debate in the UK regarding food security and agricultural sustainability. 'Homegrown produce' carries a strong cultural value of supporting local British farmers and maintaining high animal welfare and environmental standards, which many fear are being compromised by cheaper, lower-standard imports from trade deals.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Menghadapi atau menangani (kesukaran atau krisis) secara langsung
Dalam konteks: tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini, tiada tandingan dalam sejarah
Dalam konteks: Besar, ketara, atau jumlah yang banyak
Dalam konteks: Berterusan, terus wujud
Dalam konteks: Ditujukan untuk pasaran khusus (biasanya mewah atau kecil), bersifat niche
Dalam konteks: Mahal, berkualiti tinggi (harga)
Dalam konteks: Menjunam, jatuh secara mendadak
Dalam konteks: Pada masa yang sama; serentak
Dalam konteks: Gangguan, kekacauan, huru-hara
Dalam konteks: Nampak munasabah, berkemungkinan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To suffer the worst part of an unpleasant situation or impact.
Menanggung beban terberat, menerima kesan paling teruk
To experience the painful or unpleasant effects of something.
Merasakan kepedihan, merasai kesan yang menyakitkan
To be caused by something; to originate from a specific source.
Berpunca secara langsung daripada, disebabkan secara langsung oleh
A product that is made and marketed for use in a small, specialized section of the population.
Produk niche, produk khusus