EN: The Present Perfect tense ('has argued') is used here to introduce a claim that was made in the past but remains relevant and influential in the current discussion. In academic or journalistic reporting, it often introduces a scholar's ongoing stance.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has argued) digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan tuntutan yang dibuat pada masa lalu tetapi masih relevan kepada perbincangan semasa. Dalam penulisan akademik atau kewartawanan, ini sering digunakan untuk memperkenalkan pendirian yang dipegang secara berterusan oleh seorang sarjana.
The professor has argued that climate change requires immediate global intervention.
Profesor itu berhujah bahawa perubahan iklim memerlukan campur tangan global segera.
EN: The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund ('concentrating') functions as an adverbial of manner, explaining the method or means by which the main action ('eroding') is achieved.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi "by" diikuti oleh gerund (concentrating) berfungsi sebagai keterangan cara, menjelaskan kaedah atau cara tindakan klausa utama (eroding, menghakis) dicapai.
She improved her English by reading international news every morning.
Dia meningkatkan bahasa Inggerisnya dengan membaca berita antarabangsa setiap pagi.
EN: The 'that' clause functions as a noun clause (content clause), serving as the direct object of the verb 'argued'. It encapsulates the entire proposition being made by the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa "that" berfungsi sebagai klausa kata nama (klausa kandungan), bertindak sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja "argued", merumuskan hujah penuh yang dikemukakan oleh subjek.
Many experts believe that artificial intelligence will transform the job market.
Ramai pakar percaya bahawa kecerdasan buatan akan mengubah pasaran pekerjaan.
EN: The term 'oligarch' traditionally refers to extremely wealthy business leaders in Russia who wield significant political influence. By applying this term to 'tech' leaders in the US, Kurz is making a provocative comparison, suggesting that Silicon Valley's power has become anti-democratic and similar to authoritarian economic structures.
EN: The use of 'scheduled for' acts as a reduced relative clause (which is scheduled for), providing additional information about a noun (the book) without needing a full relative clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "scheduled for" bertindak sebagai klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (asalnya which is scheduled for), digunakan untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama (buku) tanpa menggunakan klausa relatif penuh.
The conference, scheduled for next October, will address climate change.
Persidangan yang dijadualkan pada Oktober tahun depan akan membincangkan isu perubahan iklim.
EN: The verb 'contend' is a formal reporting verb used to express a strong opinion or argument, often in academic or journalistic contexts, followed by a 'that' clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "contend" ialah kata kerja pelapor formal yang digunakan untuk menyatakan pendapat atau hujah yang kuat, sering digunakan dalam konteks akademik atau kewartawanan, diikuti oleh klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh "that".
Critics contend that the new policy will harm the local economy.
Pengkritik berhujah bahawa dasar baharu itu akan menjejaskan ekonomi tempatan.
EN: The present perfect tense 'has entered' is used here to describe a state that began in the past and is currently relevant or ongoing.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna "has entered" digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan masih relevan atau berterusan pada masa kini.
The industry has entered a period of rapid transformation.
Industri ini telah memasuki tempoh transformasi yang pesat.
EN: The mention of a book's publication date and title in news reporting is a standard way to establish the authority and current relevance of an expert's opinion. 'Private Power and Democracy's Decline' reflects a growing concern in Western political discourse regarding the influence of large corporations on democratic processes.
EN: The verb 'maintain' is used here as a reporting verb in a formal register, meaning to strongly assert or state a belief or opinion, often in the face of potential disagreement.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "maintain" digunakan di sini sebagai kata kerja pelapor dalam daftar formal, bermaksud menegaskan atau mempertahankan sesuatu kepercayaan atau pandangan, biasanya digunakan dalam wacana formal apabila menghadapi kemungkinan perbezaan pendapat.
The researcher maintains that the data supports a different conclusion.
Penyelidik menegaskan bahawa data menyokong kesimpulan yang berbeza.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'maintains', allowing for the expression of a complex proposition or argument.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa kata nama yang bermula dengan "that" berfungsi sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja "maintains", digunakan untuk menyatakan tuntutan atau hujah yang kompleks.
She believes that technology will eventually solve the climate crisis.
Dia percaya bahawa teknologi akhirnya akan menyelesaikan krisis iklim.
EN: The present perfect 'since industrialisation began' uses 'since' followed by a specific point in time (the past simple 'began') to indicate a duration that continues into the present.
Bahasa Melayu: "Since industrialisation began" menggunakan "since" diikuti oleh titik masa tertentu (kata kerja lampau began), digunakan untuk menunjukkan keadaan atau corak yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga kini.
The city has undergone significant changes since the new law was passed.
Sejak undang-undang baharu diluluskan, bandar ini telah mengalami perubahan yang besar.
EN: The mention of 'industrialisation' refers to the historical shift from agrarian economies to industrial ones, which Kurz argues created patterns of wealth concentration that are repeating today with tech giants. This reflects a common academic critique in Western economic discourse comparing the current 'Tech Age' to the 'Gilded Age'.
EN: The structure 'regard A as B' is a common formal way to describe how someone perceives or categorizes something. It is often used in academic or journalistic contexts to discuss viewpoints.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "regard A as B" ialah cara formal yang biasa untuk menerangkan bagaimana seseorang melihat atau mengklasifikasikan sesuatu. Ini sering digunakan dalam konteks akademik atau kewartawanan untuk membincangkan pandangan.
Many critics regard the new policy as a significant step toward social equality.
Ramai pengkritik menganggap dasar baharu ini sebagai langkah penting ke arah keadilan sosial.
EN: The past participle 'destined' functions as an adjective modifying 'beings'. It implies a sense of fate or an inevitable future outcome, often used to describe a perceived purpose.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau "destined" berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif yang mengubah suai "beings" (makhluk). Ia membayangkan rasa takdir atau hasil masa depan yang tidak dapat dielakkan, sering digunakan untuk menerangkan misi yang dianggap telah ditetapkan.
He felt that he was destined to lead the company through the crisis.
Dia merasakan bahawa dia ditakdirkan untuk memimpin syarikat melalui krisis ini.
EN: The present perfect tense 'have historically regarded' indicates an action or state that began in the past and has continued or repeated up to the present time, emphasizing a long-standing pattern.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna "have historically regarded" menunjukkan tindakan atau keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan atau berulang sehingga kini, menekankan corak yang telah lama wujud.
Scientists have historically struggled to explain the origins of this phenomenon.
Dari segi sejarah, saintis telah sukar untuk menjelaskan asal usul fenomena ini.
EN: The term 'mogul' (or 'tycoon') often refers to individuals who have built vast empires in specific industries. In American history, this echoes the 'Robber Barons' of the Gilded Age, suggesting a critique of the immense power held by modern tech leaders like those at Google or Meta.
EN: The use of 'such as' is a common way to introduce specific examples of a general category (in this case, 'industrialists'). It functions as a prepositional phrase modifying the preceding noun.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "such as" ialah cara biasa untuk memperkenalkan contoh khusus bagi kategori umum (dalam ayat ini, "industrialis"). Ia berfungsi sebagai frasa preposisi yang mengubah suai kata nama sebelumnya.
Tech giants such as Apple and Google have redefined modern communication.
Gergasi teknologi seperti Apple dan Google telah mentakrifkan semula komunikasi moden.
EN: The infinitive phrase 'to justify their dominance' acts as an adverbial of purpose, explaining why the industrialists distorted social Darwinism.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa infinitif "to justify their dominance" bertindak sebagai keterangan tujuan, menjelaskan mengapa industrialis-industrialis ini memutarbelitkan Darwinisme sosial.
The company implemented new policies to improve employee retention.
Syarikat itu melaksanakan dasar baharu untuk meningkatkan kadar pengekalan pekerja.
EN: The 'Gilded Age' (a term coined by Mark Twain) refers to the late 19th century in the U.S., characterized by rapid economic growth but also severe social problems and corruption. 'Social Darwinism' was the pseudo-scientific theory that individuals or groups are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals, often used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
EN: The past participle phrase 'convinced that...' functions as an adjectival modifier (a reduced relative clause) describing the subject 'They'. It expresses a state of mind or a reason that coincides with the main action.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau "convinced that..." berfungsi sebagai pengubah suai adjektif (klausa relatif yang diringkaskan), digunakan untuk menerangkan subjek "They". Ia menyatakan keadaan mental atau sebab yang wujud serentak dengan tindakan klausa utama.
The scientist remained silent, convinced that his discovery would eventually be recognized.
Saintis itu berdiam diri, yakin bahawa penemuannya akhirnya akan diiktiraf.
EN: The reflexive pronoun 'itself' is used here for emphasis (intensive pronoun), placed immediately after the noun 'nature' to stress that it was nature alone, and no other force, that made the selection.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata ganti refleksif "itself" digunakan di sini untuk penekanan (kata ganti intensif), diletakkan sejurus selepas kata nama "nature", untuk menekankan bahawa alam semula jadi itu sendiri, bukan kuasa lain, yang membuat pilihan.
The CEO herself handled the negotiations to ensure the deal was finalized.
Ketua pegawai eksekutif itu sendiri mengendalikan rundingan secara peribadi untuk memastikan perjanjian itu akhirnya tercapai.
EN: The infinitive phrase 'to wield influence over' acts as an adverbial of purpose or result, explaining why they were selected or what they were selected to do.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa infinitif "to wield influence over" bertindak sebagai keterangan tujuan atau hasil, menjelaskan sebab mereka dipilih atau perkara yang mereka dipilih untuk lakukan.
The committee was granted the authority to wield influence over the city's urban planning.
Jawatankuasa itu diberi kuasa untuk menggunakan pengaruh ke atas perancangan bandar.
EN: The sentence refers to the historical misuse of Social Darwinism by industrialists like Carnegie and Rockefeller during the Gilded Age. They adapted biological concepts of 'survival of the fittest' to justify economic inequality and their own dominant positions in society, viewing their wealth as a sign of evolutionary superiority.
EN: The idiom 'draw a parallel between A and B' is used to compare two things, suggesting they are similar or have common characteristics. The adjective 'striking' is often added to emphasize that the similarity is obvious or surprising.
Bahasa Melayu: Peribahasa "draw a parallel between A and B" digunakan untuk membandingkan dua perkara, membayangkan bahawa ia serupa atau mempunyai ciri-ciri yang sama. Kata adjektif "striking" sering digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa persamaan itu sangat jelas atau mengejutkan.
The historian drew a striking parallel between the fall of Rome and modern economic crises.
Ahli sejarah itu membuat perbandingan yang ketara antara kejatuhan Empayar Rom dan krisis ekonomi moden.
EN: The term 'power broker' refers to a person who influences political or economic decisions through their connections and authority, often behind the scenes.
Bahasa Melayu: "Power broker" (broker kuasa) merujuk kepada seseorang yang mempengaruhi keputusan politik atau ekonomi melalui rangkaian dan kuasa, biasanya beroperasi di belakang tabir.
In the tech industry, venture capitalists often act as power brokers for new startups.
Dalam industri teknologi, pemodal teroka sering bertindak sebagai broker kuasa untuk syarikat pemula.
EN: The comparison between the 'Gilded Age' industrialists (like Carnegie and Rockefeller) and modern 'Tech Titans' (like Musk or Zuckerberg) is a common theme in contemporary American economic discourse, highlighting concerns about wealth inequality and the influence of private corporations on public life.
EN: The verb 'note' followed by a 'that' clause is a formal reporting structure used to introduce a specific observation or fact. In academic and journalistic contexts, it maintains a neutral but authoritative tone.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "note" diikuti oleh klausa "that" ialah struktur pelapor formal yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan pemerhatian atau fakta tertentu. Dalam konteks akademik dan kewartawanan, ia mengekalkan nada yang neutral tetapi berwibawa.
The researcher noted that the data showed a significant correlation between the two variables.
Penyelidik menunjukkan bahawa data menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan antara dua pemboleh ubah ini.
EN: The prefix 'quasi-' is used to indicate that something is 'seemingly' or 'partially' like something else, but not completely. It is often used in formal writing to describe complex concepts that share characteristics with a known category.
Bahasa Melayu: Awalan "quasi-" digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu itu "kelihatan seperti" atau "sebahagiannya" seperti perkara lain, tetapi tidak sepenuhnya. Ia sering digunakan dalam penulisan formal untuk menerangkan konsep kompleks yang berkongsi ciri-ciri dengan kategori yang diketahui.
The organization operates in a quasi-governmental capacity, though it is privately funded.
Organisasi itu beroperasi dengan status separa kerajaan, walaupun ia dibiayai secara swasta.
EN: The infinitive phrase 'to become a transcendent force for good' functions as an adjectival modifier for the noun 'potential', specifying the nature or purpose of that potential.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa infinitif "to become a transcendent force for good" berfungsi sebagai pengubah suai adjektif bagi kata nama "potential", menjelaskan secara khusus sifat atau tujuan potensi tersebut.
She has the potential to lead the company through this crisis.
Dia mempunyai potensi untuk memimpin syarikat melalui krisis ini.
EN: The term 'force for good' is a common idiomatic expression in English-speaking corporate and philanthropic circles, often used by tech leaders to frame their innovations as morally positive despite potential risks. The use of 'quasi-mystical' and 'transcendent' reflects a specific trend in Silicon Valley known as 'effective accelerationism' or techno-optimism, where AI is viewed in almost religious terms.
EN: The present participle phrase (v-ing) 'raising...' acts as a resultative clause, indicating a consequence of the preceding main clause. This is a common feature of formal academic and journalistic writing to show cause and effect.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini (v-ing) "raising..." bertindak sebagai klausa keterangan hasil, menunjukkan akibat yang terhasil daripada klausa utama sebelumnya. Ini adalah penggunaan biasa dalam penulisan akademik dan kewartawanan formal untuk menunjukkan hubungan sebab-akibat.
The factory closed down, leaving hundreds of people out of work.
Kilang itu ditutup, menyebabkan beratus-ratus orang kehilangan pekerjaan.
EN: The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a strong possibility or potential future outcome, which is more tentative than 'will' but more formal than 'might' in this context of expert prediction.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal "could" digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang kuat atau hasil masa depan yang berpotensi. Dalam konteks ramalan pakar, ia kurang pasti daripada "will" tetapi lebih formal daripada "might".
A sudden change in policy could disrupt the entire market.
Perubahan dasar secara tiba-tiba boleh mengganggu keseluruhan pasaran.
EN: The adverb 'openly' modifies the verb 'acknowledged' to emphasize the transparency or lack of secrecy regarding the statement. Placing 'also' before 'openly' adds an additional layer of information to the subject's actions.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba "openly" mengubah suai kata kerja "acknowledged" untuk menekankan ketelusan atau sifat tidak rahsia kenyataan tersebut. Meletakkan "also" sebelum "openly" menambah lapisan maklumat tambahan kepada tindakan subjek.
The candidate has also openly criticized the current administration.
Calon itu juga pernah mengkritik kerajaan sedia ada secara terbuka.
EN: The term 'precipitate' is often used in high-level socio-economic discussions to describe a sudden or premature event, reflecting the urgency and gravity of the AI debate in Silicon Valley. Dario Amodei, as the CEO of Anthropic, represents a 'safety-first' faction within the AI industry, which contrasts with more accelerationist views.
EN: The sentence uses an inverted conditional structure where 'Should' replaces 'If' at the beginning. This is a formal way to express a first conditional (If + subject + present simple), suggesting a possibility that is considered serious or formal in tone.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur bersyarat songsang di mana 'Should' menggantikan 'If' di awal ayat. Ini adalah cara formal untuk menyatakan ayat bersyarat jenis pertama (If + subjek + kala kini ringkas), membayangkan kemungkinan yang dianggap secara formal atau lebih serius.
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our support team.
Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan lanjut, sila hubungi pasukan sokongan kami pada bila-bila masa.
EN: The verb 'gravitate' followed by the preposition 'towards' is used metaphorically to describe a natural movement or attraction toward a particular idea, person, or group.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'gravitate' diikuti oleh preposisi 'towards' digunakan secara metafora untuk menerangkan kecenderungan semula jadi atau tarikan terhadap idea, orang, atau kumpulan tertentu.
In times of economic uncertainty, many investors gravitate towards gold as a safe haven.
Dalam tempoh ketidakpastian ekonomi, ramai pelabur akan beralih kepada emas sebagai tempat perlindungan selamat.
EN: The reporting verb 'cautioned' is placed as an interjection (parenthetical expression) between the conditional clause and the main clause. This is a common journalistic style to attribute a statement while maintaining the flow of the argument.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja pelapor 'cautioned' diletakkan sebagai sisipan (ungkapan dalam kurungan) antara klausa bersyarat dan klausa utama. Ini adalah gaya biasa dalam penulisan berita, digunakan untuk menyampaikan penutur sambil mengekalkan kelancaran hujah.
The situation is volatile, the general noted, and could change at any moment.
Jeneral itu memberi amaran bahawa keadaan tidak stabil dan boleh berubah pada bila-bila masa.
EN: The sentence reflects a common concern in political science regarding 'populism' and 'democratic backsliding.' It suggests that when liberal democracy fails to provide economic security for the working class, the resulting discontent can lead to the rise of extremist ideologies like fascism, echoing historical patterns from the 1930s.
EN: The adverb 'however' can be placed at the end of a sentence to contrast with a previous statement. In formal writing, it is often set off by a comma. It functions as a conjunctive adverb indicating a shift in perspective.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba "however" boleh diletakkan di hujung ayat untuk membentuk kontras dengan kandungan sebelumnya. Dalam penulisan formal, "however" di hujung ayat biasanya didahului oleh koma. Ia berfungsi sebagai kata hubung adverba yang menunjukkan perubahan pendapat.
The project is over budget; the results are promising, however.
Projek ini melebihi bajet; walau bagaimanapun, hasilnya amat memberangsangkan.
EN: The phrase 'grounds for' is used to describe a reason, justification, or basis for a particular belief, action, or feeling. It is often followed by a noun or a gerund.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "grounds for" digunakan untuk menerangkan sebab, justifikasi, atau asas bagi sesuatu kepercayaan, tindakan, atau perasaan tertentu. Ia biasanya diikuti oleh kata nama atau gerund.
The evidence provided sufficient grounds for a formal investigation.
Bukti yang dikemukakan memberikan alasan yang kukuh untuk siasatan rasmi.
EN: The verb 'emphasise' (or 'emphasize') is followed by a 'that' clause to report a statement with particular force or importance. This is a common structure in academic and journalistic reporting.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "emphasise" (atau "emphasize") diikuti oleh klausa "that" untuk melaporkan sesuatu kenyataan dengan cara yang kuat atau penting. Ini adalah struktur biasa dalam penulisan akademik dan pelaporan berita.
The report emphasised that climate change requires immediate global action.
Laporan itu menekankan bahawa perubahan iklim memerlukan tindakan global segera.
EN: The term 'cautious optimism' is a common idiomatic expression in English-speaking political and economic discourse. It suggests that while there are positive signs, one should remain aware of potential risks or challenges. It reflects a balanced, analytical temperament often expected in academic or high-level journalistic writing.
EN: The use of 'curtailed' and 'extended' as parallel past tense verbs. In formal writing, using precise verbs connected by 'and' allows for a concise description of multiple actions taken by a single subject (New Deal reforms).
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "curtailed" (dikurangkan) dan "extended" (dilanjutkan/disediakan) sebagai kata kerja lampau selari. Dalam penulisan formal, penggunaan kata kerja yang tepat yang disambungkan oleh "and" dapat menerangkan secara ringkas tindakan majmuk yang diambil oleh satu subjek (pembaharuan New Deal).
The new policy restricted carbon emissions and promoted renewable energy sources.
Dasar baharu itu mengehadkan pelepasan karbon dan mempromosikan tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
EN: The adjective 'vital' functions as a high-level synonym for 'essential' or 'crucial,' often used in academic or journalistic contexts to emphasize the necessity of a support system or protection.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata adjektif "vital" ialah sinonim peringkat tinggi bagi "essential" atau "crucial", sering digunakan dalam konteks akademik atau kewartawanan untuk menekankan keperluan sistem sokongan atau langkah perlindungan.
International aid provides vital supplies to the war-torn region.
Bantuan antarabangsa menyediakan bekalan penting kepada wilayah yang dilanda perang.
EN: The phrase 'vulnerable communities' is a standard sociological and political term used to describe groups of people who are at higher risk of poverty, discrimination, or social exclusion.
Bahasa Melayu: "Vulnerable communities" (komuniti terdedah) ialah istilah sosiologi dan politik standard yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kumpulan yang menghadapi risiko kemiskinan, diskriminasi, atau pengecualian sosial yang lebih tinggi.
The government must ensure that healthcare is accessible to vulnerable communities.
Kerajaan mesti memastikan komuniti terdedah mendapat akses kepada perkhidmatan penjagaan kesihatan.
EN: The 'New Deal' refers to a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. It was a response to the 'Great Depression' and fundamentally changed the role of the federal government in the economy, introducing social safety nets that are still debated in modern American politics.
EN: The sentence uses an inverted conditional structure ('Were... to be') to express a hypothetical or formal condition. This is a more formal alternative to 'If similar structural reforms were to be implemented'. It often suggests a degree of uncertainty or a formal proposal.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur bersyarat songsang (Were... to be) untuk menyatakan keadaan hipotesis atau formal. Ini adalah alternatif yang lebih formal bagi "If similar structural reforms were to be implemented", biasanya digunakan dalam cadangan formal atau untuk menyatakan hipotesis dengan kemungkinan yang lebih rendah.
Were the CEO to resign tomorrow, the company would face a leadership crisis.
Sekiranya ketua pegawai eksekutif meletak jawatan esok, syarikat akan menghadapi krisis kepimpinan.
EN: The phrase 'without sacrificing' uses a gerund after a preposition to indicate a condition or method. It expresses that the second action (becoming more humane) does not cause the loss of the first quality (dynamism).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "without sacrificing" menggunakan gerund selepas preposisi untuk menunjukkan keadaan atau cara. Ia menyatakan bahawa tindakan kedua (menjadi lebih berperikemanusiaan) tidak akan menyebabkan kehilangan sifat pertama (daya hidup).
We must increase production without sacrificing quality.
Kita mesti meningkatkan pengeluaran tanpa mengorbankan kualiti.
EN: The reporting verb 'suggested' is placed at the end of the sentence (an inverted reporting clause), which is common in journalistic writing to emphasize the content of the statement over the speaker.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja pelapor "suggested" diletakkan di hujung ayat (klausa pelapor songsang), yang biasa dalam penulisan berita, bertujuan untuk menekankan kandungan kenyataan daripada penutur itu sendiri.
The economy is showing signs of recovery, the analyst noted.
Penganalisis menunjukkan bahawa ekonomi menunjukkan tanda-tanda pemulihan.
EN: The sentence refers to the 'New Deal' era of the 1930s as a precedent. In American political discourse, referencing structural reforms often invokes the legacy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who used government intervention to save capitalism from its own excesses during the Great Depression. The term 'dynamism' is a key value in Western economic thought, representing the ability of a system to innovate and grow.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: oligarki; segelintir elit yang memegang kuasa dan kekayaan yang besar
Dalam konteks: menghakis; melemahkan atau merosakkan secara beransur-ansur
Dalam konteks: berbahaya; sangat berisiko
Dalam konteks: manifestasi; perwujudan; bentuk konkrit
Dalam konteks: mogul; tokoh berkuasa; orang yang sangat berpengaruh dalam industri tertentu
Dalam konteks: memutarbelitkan; menyelewengkan (fakta, teori, dll.)
Dalam konteks: transenden; luar biasa; mengatasi kebiasaan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.
Darwinisme sosial
A period of gross materialism and blatant political corruption in U.S. history during the 1870s-1890s.
Zaman Gilded
People who influence the decisions that other people make, especially in politics or business.
Broker kuasa; Pemegang kuasa
Reasons or evidence that justify a feeling of hope or confidence about the future.
Alasan/Asas untuk keyakinan