EN: The use of 'be accused of' followed by a gerund (-ing) is a standard passive construction to report allegations. In news headlines, the auxiliary verb 'is/are' is often omitted (e.g., 'Western Australia [is] Accused of').
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "be accused of" diikuti oleh gerund (-ing) ialah struktur pasif standard untuk melaporkan tuduhan. Dalam tajuk berita, kata bantu "is/are" selalunya ditinggalkan (contohnya: 'Western Australia [is] Accused of').
The company was accused of misleading its investors about the financial risks.
Syarikat itu dituduh mengelirukan pelabur mengenai risiko kewangan.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate simultaneity or a causal link, meaning 'at the same time that' or 'because'. It is frequently used in journalism to connect a main event with its immediate context.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "as" digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan keserentakan atau hubungan sebab akibat, bermaksud "sementara" atau "kerana". Dalam penulisan berita, ia sering digunakan untuk menghubungkan peristiwa utama dengan latar belakang serta-mertanya.
Stock prices plummeted as news of the merger spread.
Apabila berita penggabungan tersebar, harga saham jatuh dengan mendadak.
EN: The verb 'undermine' is a high-level academic and journalistic term meaning to weaken or damage something (like a policy, authority, or confidence) gradually or insidiously.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "undermine" ialah istilah akademik dan kewartawanan peringkat tinggi yang bermaksud melemahkan atau merosakkan secara beransur-ansur atau tersembunyi (seperti dasar, kuasa atau keyakinan).
Constant criticism can undermine a person's self-confidence over time.
Kritikan yang berterusan boleh melemahkan keyakinan diri seseorang dari semasa ke semasa.
EN: In Australia, there is often tension between state governments (like Western Australia, which relies heavily on mining and gas) and the federal government regarding environmental policies. This sentence reflects the ongoing political struggle between economic interests and climate commitments.
EN: The present participle phrase 'raising urgent questions...' functions as a resultative clause, indicating a consequence of the main action (intensified scrutiny).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini "raising urgent questions..." berfungsi sebagai klausa keterangan hasil, menunjukkan akibat langsung atau keadaan yang mengiringi tindakan klausa utama (meningkatkan penelitian).
The storm damaged the power lines, leaving thousands of residents without electricity.
Ribut merosakkan talian elektrik, menyebabkan beribu-ribu penduduk terputus bekalan elektrik.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'whether' functions as the object of the preposition 'about', presenting an indirect question or a choice between two possibilities.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama yang diperkenalkan oleh "whether" berfungsi sebagai objek bagi kata sendi nama "about", digunakan untuk menyatakan soalan tidak langsung atau pilihan antara dua kemungkinan.
There is a debate about whether the new policy will actually reduce inflation.
Terdapat perdebatan tentang sama ada dasar baharu itu benar-benar dapat mengurangkan inflasi.
EN: The use of the present perfect tense ('have intensified') suggests that the action started in the past and has a strong relevance or continuing effect in the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan kala kini sempurna (have intensified) menunjukkan bahawa tindakan itu bermula pada masa lalu dan mempunyai kaitan atau kesan yang kuat terhadap masa kini.
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of sleep for mental health.
Penyelidikan terkini telah menekankan kepentingan tidur untuk kesihatan mental.
EN: The sentence reflects the ongoing tension in Australia between state-level economic interests (particularly resource extraction in Western Australia) and federal environmental commitments. Western Australia is a major global exporter of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), which creates a unique political dynamic within the Australian federation regarding climate policy.
EN: The past participle phrase 'obtained through...' acts as a reduced relative clause (which were obtained through...), modifying the noun 'Documents'. This is a common feature of formal journalistic writing to provide concise background information.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau "obtained through..." bertindak sebagai klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (asalnya which were obtained through...), digunakan untuk menerangkan kata nama "Documents". Ini adalah ciri biasa dalam penulisan berita formal, bertujuan memberikan maklumat latar belakang secara ringkas.
The data collected during the survey suggests a shift in consumer behavior.
Data yang dikumpul semasa siasatan menunjukkan peralihan dalam tingkah laku pengguna.
EN: The present participle 'contradicting' functions as an adjective phrase modifying 'internal advice'. It describes an ongoing state or a characteristic of the advice in relation to the public stance.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel kini "contradicting" berfungsi sebagai frasa adjektif di sini, menerangkan "internal advice". Ia menggambarkan keadaan atau ciri berterusan nasihat tersebut berbanding dengan pendirian awam.
The witness provided evidence contradicting the defendant's alibi.
Saksi memberikan bukti yang bercanggah dengan alibi defendan.
EN: The verb 'suggest' is used here to introduce a claim based on evidence. In academic and journalistic contexts, it is often followed by a 'that' clause to present findings or interpretations with a degree of professional caution.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "suggest" digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan tuntutan berdasarkan bukti. Dalam konteks akademik dan kewartawanan, ia sering diikuti oleh klausa "that" untuk membentangkan hasil penyelidikan atau tafsiran dengan sikap profesional yang berhati-hati.
Recent studies suggest that regular exercise improves cognitive function.
Penyelidikan terkini menunjukkan bahawa senaman yang kerap boleh meningkatkan fungsi kognitif.
EN: The 'freedom of information laws' (FOI) mentioned refer to legislation that allows citizens and journalists to request access to documents held by government agencies. In Australia, this is a key tool for political accountability and investigative journalism, often revealing discrepancies between private government deliberations and public policy announcements.
EN: The present perfect tense ('has consistently argued') is used here to describe an action that began in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing a persistent stance or policy.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna (has consistently argued) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga kini, menekankan pendirian atau dasar yang konsisten.
The company has consistently prioritized sustainability in its operations.
Syarikat itu secara konsisten mengutamakan kemampanan dalam operasinya.
EN: The gerund phrase 'expanding the state's gas industry' acts as the subject of the subordinate 'that' clause, allowing for a complex action to be treated as a single noun entity.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa gerund "expanding the state's gas industry" bertindak sebagai subjek dalam klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh "that", membolehkan tindakan yang kompleks dianggap sebagai entiti nama tunggal.
Reducing carbon emissions requires international cooperation.
Mengurangkan pelepasan karbon memerlukan kerjasama antarabangsa.
EN: The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund ('by displacing...') indicates the means or method by which the main action (benefiting the climate) is achieved.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama "by" diikuti oleh gerund (by displacing...) digunakan untuk menunjukkan cara atau kaedah untuk mencapai tindakan utama (memberi manfaat kepada iklim).
They improved air quality by implementing stricter regulations.
Mereka meningkatkan kualiti udara dengan melaksanakan peraturan yang lebih ketat.
EN: In Australian politics, the 'Premier' is the head of a state government (like Western Australia), while the 'Prime Minister' heads the federal government. The tension between state economic interests (gas exports) and federal climate goals is a central theme in Australian current affairs.
EN: The verb 'indicate' followed by a 'that' clause is a formal way to present evidence or findings, common in academic and journalistic registers.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "indicate" diikuti oleh klausa "that" ialah cara formal untuk membentangkan bukti atau hasil penyelidikan, sering ditemui dalam wacana akademik dan kewartawanan.
Recent studies indicate that regular exercise significantly improves mental health.
Penyelidikan terkini menunjukkan bahawa senaman yang kerap boleh meningkatkan kesihatan mental dengan ketara.
EN: The present continuous form 'be impeding' emphasizes an ongoing process or a current trend that is actively happening at the moment of reporting.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk kala kini berterusan "be impeding" menekankan proses atau trend yang sedang berlangsung, iaitu tindakan itu sedang berlaku secara aktif pada masa laporan itu dibuat.
High interest rates are currently impeding the growth of the housing market.
Kadar faedah yang tinggi kini sedang menghalang pertumbuhan pasaran hartanah.
EN: The use of 'may actually' introduces a counter-intuitive possibility, suggesting that the reality might be the opposite of what was previously assumed or claimed.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "may actually" memperkenalkan kemungkinan yang berlawanan dengan intuisi, membayangkan bahawa realiti mungkin bertentangan sepenuhnya dengan andaian atau dakwaan sebelumnya.
What seems like a simple solution may actually complicate the problem further.
Penyelesaian yang kelihatan mudah sebenarnya mungkin merumitkan masalah.
EN: The tension between state-level economic interests (like Western Australia's gas industry) and federal environmental commitments is a recurring theme in Australian politics. Western Australia is a major global exporter of LNG, which is a cornerstone of its economy, creating a complex debate over its role in global decarbonization.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that began in the past and continues to have relevance or impact in the present, often used with time expressions like 'in recent weeks'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna (has + partisipel lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan atau keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan terus memberi kesan kepada masa kini, sering digunakan dengan ungkapan masa seperti "in recent weeks" (beberapa minggu kebelakangan ini).
The relationship between Western Australia and the federal government has evolved over the last decade.
Hubungan antara Australia Barat dan kerajaan persekutuan telah berkembang dalam tempoh sepuluh tahun yang lalu.
EN: The present participle phrase 'surrounding this issue' acts as an adjective modifying the noun phrase 'The political tension'. This is a reduced relative clause (which surrounds this issue).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini "surrounding this issue" bertindak sebagai adjektif yang menerangkan frasa nama "The political tension". Ini ialah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (asalnya which surrounds this issue).
The controversy surrounding the new policy sparked protests in Canberra.
Kontroversi mengenai dasar baharu ini telah mencetuskan protes di Canberra.
EN: The adverb 'considerably' is used to modify the verb 'deepened', indicating a significant degree of change. In formal news registers, such adverbs provide precise nuance to the intensity of a situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan "considerably" digunakan untuk menerangkan kata kerja "deepened", menunjukkan perubahan yang ketara. Dalam wacana berita formal, kata keterangan sedemikian memberikan nuansa yang tepat tentang intensiti sesuatu keadaan.
The cost of living has risen considerably in Australia.
Kos sara hidup di Australia telah meningkat dengan ketara.
EN: The term 'political tension' in the context of Australian federalism often refers to the friction between state governments (like Western Australia) and the federal government (in Canberra), especially regarding economic interests versus national environmental commitments. This reflects the complex 'states' rights' dynamic inherent in Australia's political structure.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to cite a source of information, such as data, reports, or an individual's opinion, to establish authority or evidence.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi nama "According to" digunakan untuk memetik sumber maklumat, seperti data, laporan atau pandangan peribadi, bagi membina kewibawaan atau memberikan bukti.
According to the official report, the project will be completed by next year.
Menurut laporan rasmi, projek itu akan siap pada tahun hadapan.
EN: The compound adjective 'resource-rich' uses a hyphen to combine a noun and an adjective, functioning as a single modifier before a noun. This is common in formal writing to describe characteristics concisely.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata adjektif majmuk "resource-rich" menggunakan tanda sempang untuk menggabungkan kata nama dan kata adjektif, berfungsi sebagai penerang tunggal sebelum kata nama. Ini sering digunakan dalam penulisan formal untuk menerangkan ciri secara ringkas.
The oil-rich nation has seen rapid economic growth.
Negara yang kaya dengan sumber petroleum itu mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat.
EN: The verb 'rose' is the past tense of 'rise', an intransitive verb meaning to increase in amount or level. It is frequently followed by the preposition 'by' to indicate the specific amount or percentage of the change.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "rose" ialah bentuk lampau bagi "rise", kata kerja tak transitif yang bermaksud peningkatan dalam jumlah atau tahap. Ia sering diikuti oleh kata sendi nama "by" untuk menunjukkan nilai atau peratusan perubahan yang spesifik.
The price of gold rose by five percent last month.
Harga emas meningkat sebanyak lima peratus pada bulan lepas.
EN: The 'resource-rich state' refers to Western Australia, which is a global hub for mining and liquefied natural gas (LNG). This economic reliance on fossil fuels often creates a conflict between state economic interests and Australia's national climate commitments, a central theme in Australian domestic politics.
EN: The conjunction 'whereas' is used to contrast two facts or ideas, highlighting a significant difference between them. It is more formal than 'while' and is often used in academic or journalistic writing to present opposing data points.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "whereas" digunakan untuk membezakan dua fakta atau idea, menekankan perbezaan ketara antara keduanya. Ia lebih formal daripada "while" dan sering digunakan dalam penulisan akademik atau kewartawanan untuk membentangkan titik data yang bertentangan.
The north of the country is industrial, whereas the south is predominantly agricultural.
Bahagian utara negara itu adalah kawasan perindustrian, manakala bahagian selatan pula kebanyakannya pertanian.
EN: The present perfect tense ('has surged', 'has achieved') is used here to describe actions that began in the past (2005) and have a direct relevance or result in the present context. It emphasizes the cumulative change over the specified period.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna (has surged, has achieved) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu (2005) dan mempunyai kaitan atau hasil langsung dengan keadaan semasa. Ia menekankan perubahan kumulatif dalam tempoh yang ditetapkan.
The company has expanded its operations significantly since the new CEO took over.
Sejak ketua pegawai eksekutif baharu mengambil alih, perniagaan syarikat itu telah berkembang dengan ketara.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used with percentages or amounts to indicate the degree or margin of change (increase or decrease).
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama "by" digunakan dengan peratusan atau jumlah untuk menunjukkan tahap atau magnitud perubahan (peningkatan atau penurunan).
Profits fell by ten percent last quarter due to rising energy costs.
Keuntungan suku tahunan menurun sebanyak sepuluh peratus disebabkan oleh kos tenaga yang meningkat.
EN: Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. Western Australia (WA) is the largest state by land area and is economically distinct due to its massive mining and gas sectors. This sentence highlights a political and environmental friction point: while most of Australia is moving toward decarbonization, WA's resource-heavy economy makes its emissions trajectory an outlier in the national context.
EN: The passive structure 'is attributed to' is used to indicate the cause or origin of a situation. It is common in formal writing to shift focus from the cause to the effect.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur pasif "is attributed to" digunakan untuk menunjukkan punca atau asal-usul sesuatu keadaan. Dalam penulisan formal, ini sering digunakan untuk mengalihkan tumpuan daripada punca kepada hasil, bermaksud "dikaitkan dengan".
The success of the project is attributed to the team's hard work.
Kejayaan projek itu dikaitkan dengan usaha pasukan.
EN: The adverb 'predominantly' is used to emphasize that something is the main or most important factor among several possibilities. It is a high-level synonym for 'mainly' or 'mostly'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan "predominantly" digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa sesuatu adalah faktor utama atau paling penting dalam pelbagai kemungkinan. Ia adalah sinonim peringkat tinggi bagi "mainly" atau "mostly", bermaksud "terutamanya".
The population of the city is predominantly young professionals.
Penduduk bandar itu kebanyakannya terdiri daripada profesional muda.
EN: Compound noun phrases like 'liquefied natural gas export sector' function as a single unit. In English, modifiers (liquefied, natural, gas, export) precede the head noun (sector).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa nama majmuk seperti "liquefied natural gas export sector" berfungsi sebagai satu unit. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, kata penerang (liquefied, natural, gas, export) terletak sebelum kata nama utama (sector).
The renewable energy technology market is growing rapidly.
Pasaran teknologi tenaga boleh diperbaharui sedang berkembang pesat.
EN: The sentence refers to the economic structure of Western Australia, which is heavily reliant on resource extraction. The 'liquefied natural gas (LNG) export sector' is a cornerstone of the state's economy but a major point of contention in national climate policy debates.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have emphasised') is used here to indicate that the action occurred in the past but has ongoing relevance or importance to the current discussion.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have emphasised) digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan bahawa tindakan itu berlaku pada masa lalu tetapi mempunyai kaitan atau kepentingan yang berterusan terhadap perbincangan semasa.
Researchers have emphasised the need for more sustainable urban planning.
Para penyelidik menekankan keperluan untuk perancangan bandar yang lebih mampan.
EN: The use of a 'that' clause as a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'emphasise'. It allows for the expression of a complete thought or fact being highlighted.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan klausa "that" sebagai klausa nama yang bertindak sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja "emphasise". Ini membolehkan penyampaian idea atau fakta lengkap yang ditekankan.
The report suggests that global temperatures will continue to rise.
Laporan itu menunjukkan bahawa suhu global akan terus meningkat.
EN: The possessive form 'nation's' is used to show belonging or relationship, specifically referring to the collective strategy of Australia in this context.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk kepunyaan "nation's" digunakan untuk menunjukkan pemilikan atau hubungan, dalam konteks ini khususnya merujuk kepada strategi kolektif Australia.
The nation's future depends on its education system.
Masa depan negara bergantung pada sistem pendidikannya.
EN: The term 'decarbonisation strategy' refers to Australia's national commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a highly sensitive political issue given the country's economic reliance on resource exports like coal and gas, particularly in states like Western Australia.
EN: The use of 'Perhaps most controversially' as a sentence adverbial. This structure (Adverb + Superlative Adjective + Adverbially) is used to frame the entire sentence with the speaker's evaluative stance, signaling that the following information is the most extreme example of a particular quality.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "Perhaps most controversially" sebagai keterangan ayat. Struktur ini (kata keterangan + kata adjektif superlatif + penggunaan adverba) digunakan untuk menetapkan pendirian penilaian penutur bagi keseluruhan ayat, membayangkan bahawa maklumat berikut adalah contoh paling ekstrem bagi sesuatu ciri.
Most importantly, the new law aims to protect consumer privacy.
Yang paling penting, undang-undang baharu ini bertujuan melindungi privasi pengguna.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense ('have given') is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has continuing relevance or results in the present, often used in news reporting to link recent events to the current situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna (have given) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan mempunyai kaitan atau hasil yang berterusan dengan masa kini, sering digunakan dalam laporan berita untuk menghubungkan peristiwa terkini dengan keadaan semasa.
The government has announced a new series of economic reforms.
Kerajaan telah mengumumkan satu siri langkah pembaharuan ekonomi yang baharu.
EN: The use of the possessive form 'Western Australia's approach' to attribute a policy or method to a specific entity. In formal writing, 'approach' refers to a way of dealing with a situation or problem.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan bentuk milikan "Western Australia's approach" untuk mengaitkan dasar atau kaedah kepada entiti tertentu. Dalam penulisan formal, "approach" merujuk kepada cara menangani situasi atau masalah.
The company's approach to remote work has been very flexible.
Pendekatan syarikat ini terhadap kerja jarak jauh sentiasa sangat fleksibel.
EN: The sentence reflects the complex political dynamics in Australia, where the federal government (led by Anthony Albanese and the Labor party) must balance national climate goals with the economic interests of resource-rich states like Western Australia. 'Implicit support' suggests a strategic political silence or indirect backing to avoid alienating a key electoral base.
EN: The present perfect tense ('has refrained') is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing the ongoing nature of his restraint.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna (has refrained) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tingkah laku yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga kini, menekankan kesinambungan tindakan menahan dirinya.
The government has refrained from increasing taxes despite the budget deficit.
Walaupun terdapat defisit belanjawan, kerajaan masih menahan diri daripada menaikkan cukai.
EN: The preposition 'despite' is followed by a noun phrase ('mounting evidence') to show contrast. It is often used in formal contexts to introduce a counter-argument or conflicting situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama "despite" diikuti oleh frasa nama (mounting evidence) untuk menunjukkan pertentangan. Dalam konteks formal, ia sering digunakan untuk memperkenalkan hujah balas atau situasi konflik.
Despite the heavy rain, the outdoor concert proceeded as planned.
Walaupun hujan lebat, konsert luar rumah tetap diteruskan seperti yang dirancang.
EN: The passive voice in the present continuous ('is being undermined') emphasizes that the process of weakening the framework is currently in progress.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif dalam kala kini berterusan (is being undermined) menekankan bahawa proses melemahkan rangka kerja itu sedang berlaku pada masa ini.
The local ecosystem is being undermined by invasive species.
Ekosistem tempatan sedang dimusnahkan oleh spesies invasif.
EN: This sentence reflects the complex political dynamic in Australia, where the federal government (led by Anthony Albanese) must balance national climate targets with the economic interests of resource-rich states like Western Australia. The term 'pro-gas stance' highlights a significant point of friction between economic development and environmental commitments.
EN: The sentence uses an inverted conditional structure ('Were the prime minister to...') instead of 'If the prime minister were to...'. This is a formal way to express a hypothetical or unlikely future situation (Second Conditional).
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur ayat bersyarat songsang ("Were the prime minister to...") dan bukannya "If the prime minister were to...". Ini adalah penggunaan formal untuk menyatakan andaian atau situasi masa depan yang tidak mungkin berlaku (ayat bersyarat jenis kedua).
Were the company to fail, hundreds of employees would lose their jobs.
Sekiranya syarikat itu gulung tikar, ratusan pekerja akan kehilangan pekerjaan.
EN: The relative clause 'where Labor holds considerable electoral support' uses the relative adverb 'where' to provide additional information about the 'state'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif "where Labor holds considerable electoral support" menggunakan kata keterangan relatif "where" untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang "negeri" tersebut.
They moved to a city where the cost of living is lower.
Mereka berpindah ke sebuah bandar yang kos sara hidupnya lebih rendah.
EN: The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a theoretical possibility or potential consequence in a hypothetical scenario.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja bantu "could" digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan kemungkinan teori atau akibat yang berpotensi dalam situasi yang diandaikan.
A sudden change in policy could lead to market instability.
Perubahan dasar secara mengejut boleh menyebabkan pergolakan pasaran.
EN: In Australian politics, Western Australia is often seen as a distinct political landscape due to its resource-heavy economy. The Labor party currently holds a dominant position there, making it a crucial electoral battleground for Prime Minister Anthony Albanese. Confronting the state government on gas exports involves significant political risk for the federal government.
EN: The verb 'risk' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to describe a potential negative outcome that might occur as a result of a situation or action.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "risk" diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) digunakan untuk menerangkan potensi hasil negatif yang mungkin timbul daripada sesuatu situasi atau tindakan.
Without immediate investment, the company's expansion plans risk falling behind schedule.
Tanpa pelaburan segera, rancangan pengembangan syarikat itu berisiko untuk ketinggalan.
EN: The use of 'without' followed by a noun phrase acts as a conditional structure, equivalent to 'if there is no' or 'if... not'.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "without" diikuti oleh frasa nama berfungsi sebagai struktur bersyarat, bersamaan dengan "jika tiada" atau "sekiranya tidak...".
Without your help, we would not have finished the project on time.
Tanpa bantuan anda, kami tidak akan dapat menyiapkan projek ini tepat pada masanya.
EN: The present perfect tense 'have cautioned' is used here to indicate a recent action that has ongoing relevance to the current situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna "have cautioned" digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang berlaku baru-baru ini, dan tindakan itu masih mempunyai kaitan yang berterusan dengan keadaan semasa.
Experts have warned that the new policy might have unintended consequences.
Para pakar telah memberi amaran bahawa dasar baharu ini mungkin menghasilkan akibat yang tidak dijangka.
EN: In the context of Australian federalism, 'states' refers to the six states (like Western Australia) that hold significant power over resources and environment, often leading to friction with the federal government in Canberra over national climate targets.
EN: The use of the past participle 'reported' acts as a reduced relative clause (which were reported), functioning as an adjective to modify 'developments'.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau "reported" di sini bertindak sebagai klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (which were reported), berfungsi sebagai adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama "developments" (perkembangan).
The issues discussed during the meeting remain unresolved.
Isu yang dibincangkan dalam mesyuarat itu masih belum diselesaikan.
EN: The present perfect tense 'have further undermined' indicates an action that started in the past (last week) and has a continuing effect or relevance to the present situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna "have further undermined" menunjukkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu (minggu lepas) dan mempunyai kesan atau kaitan yang berterusan dengan keadaan semasa.
Recent scandals have undermined public trust in the government.
Skandal terkini telah melemahkan kepercayaan orang ramai terhadap kerajaan.
EN: The word 'further' is used here as an adverb meaning 'to a greater extent' or 'additionally', enhancing the verb 'undermined'.
Bahasa Melayu: 「further」di sini digunakan sebagai kata keterangan yang bermaksud "dengan lebih lanjut" atau "tambahan", untuk menguatkan tahap kata kerja "undermined".
The investigation will further clarify the cause of the accident.
Siasatan akan menjelaskan punca kemalangan itu dengan lebih lanjut.
EN: In Australian politics, the tension between state economic interests (like Western Australia's gas industry) and federal environmental targets is a recurring theme. Western Australia is a major contributor to the national economy through resource extraction, giving it significant political leverage in Canberra.
EN: The use of 'reportedly' as a sentence adverb indicates that the information is based on reports or rumors rather than direct confirmation by the speaker, a common feature in journalistic register to maintain objectivity.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan kata keterangan "reportedly" menunjukkan bahawa maklumat itu berdasarkan laporan atau khabar angin, bukan pengesahan langsung oleh penutur. Ini adalah ciri biasa dalam wacana berita untuk mengekalkan objektiviti.
The company is reportedly considering a merger with its main competitor.
Menurut laporan, syarikat itu sedang mempertimbangkan untuk bergabung dengan pesaing utamanya.
EN: The phrase 'a move that...' is an appositive noun phrase used to comment on or summarize the preceding clause. It acts as a cohesive device to link an action with its consequence or reaction.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "a move that..." ialah frasa nama apositif yang digunakan untuk mengulas atau meringkaskan klausa sebelumnya. Ia berfungsi sebagai alat kohesi yang menghubungkan sesuatu tindakan dengan akibat atau reaksinya.
The bank raised interest rates, a move that surprised many economists.
Bank itu menaikkan kadar faedah, satu langkah yang mengejutkan ramai ahli ekonomi.
EN: The past continuous tense 'was planning' suggests an ongoing intention or state in the past, often used in news to describe the background of a developing situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau berterusan "was planning" membayangkan niat atau keadaan yang berterusan pada masa lalu, sering digunakan dalam berita untuk menerangkan latar belakang peristiwa yang sedang berkembang.
The city council was planning to renovate the park before the budget cuts were announced.
Sebelum pemotongan belanjawan diumumkan, majlis bandar telah merancang untuk mengubah suai taman itu.
EN: In the context of Australian politics, the tension between state economic interests (like Western Australia's gas industry) and federal climate goals is a recurring theme. 'Emissions reduction commitments' refer to the targets set to meet international agreements like the Paris Accord.
EN: Inversion in conditional sentences: The word 'Should' at the beginning of the sentence replaces 'If' (e.g., 'If this trend should continue'). This is a formal structure used to express a hypothetical or possible future situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan dalam ayat bersyarat: Perkataan "Should" pada permulaan ayat menggantikan "If" (contohnya "If this trend should continue"). Ini adalah struktur formal yang digunakan untuk menyatakan situasi masa depan yang diandaikan atau mungkin berlaku.
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan lanjut, sila hubungi kami pada bila-bila masa.
EN: The use of 'unchecked' as a post-modifier: Here, 'unchecked' functions as an adjective modifying 'trend', meaning 'not restrained or controlled'. It often follows the verb 'continue' or 'go' to describe a state that persists without intervention.
Bahasa Melayu: "unchecked" sebagai penerang selepas kata nama: Di sini, "unchecked" berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif yang menerangkan "trend", bermaksud "tidak dihalang atau dikawal". Ia sering mengikuti kata kerja "continue" atau "go" untuk menggambarkan keadaan yang berterusan tanpa campur tangan.
The fire spread unchecked through the forest.
Kebakaran itu merebak ke seluruh hutan tanpa dikawal.
EN: The 'between A and B' structure: This prepositional phrase is used to compare or show the relationship between two distinct entities—in this case, 'stated ambitions' and 'actual trajectory'.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "between A and B": Frasa sendi nama ini digunakan untuk membandingkan atau menunjukkan hubungan antara dua entiti yang berbeza—dalam ayat ini, antara "aspirasi yang ditetapkan" dan "trajektori sebenar".
There is a significant difference between theory and practice.
Terdapat perbezaan yang ketara antara teori dan amalan.
EN: The sentence reflects a common theme in international climate politics: the 'implementation gap'. This refers to the discrepancy between a nation's formal pledges (like those made under the Paris Agreement) and the actual policies and emissions data on the ground. In the Australian context, this often involves tension between federal environmental goals and state-level economic interests, particularly in resource-heavy states like Western Australia.
EN: The use of 'whether' to introduce a noun clause as a subject complement. It presents two possibilities (can or cannot coexist), which is common in formal analytical writing to frame a central dilemma.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "whether" untuk memperkenalkan klausa nama sebagai pelengkap subjek. Ia membentangkan dua kemungkinan (sama ada boleh wujud bersama), yang sering digunakan dalam penulisan analitikal formal untuk membina dilema teras.
The main concern is whether the new policy can achieve its intended goals without harming the economy.
Kebimbangan utama ialah sama ada dasar baharu itu dapat mencapai sasaran yang diharapkan tanpa menjejaskan ekonomi.
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to indicate possession by a non-human entity (a state). It functions as a determiner for the noun 'economic model' within the relative clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata ganti relatif "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan pemilikan oleh entiti bukan manusia (sesebuah negeri). Ia berfungsi sebagai penentu bagi kata nama "economic model" dalam klausa relatif.
They are investing in a company whose primary focus is sustainable energy.
Mereka sedang melabur dalam sebuah syarikat yang tumpuan utamanya ialah tenaga mampan.
EN: The present participle 'confronting' acts as an adjective (reduced relative clause) modifying 'The question'. It implies an active, ongoing challenge.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel kini "confronting" bertindak sebagai adjektif (klausa relatif yang diringkaskan) yang menerangkan "The question". Ia membayangkan cabaran yang aktif dan sedang berlangsung.
The challenges confronting the industry are multifaceted and complex.
Cabaran yang dihadapi oleh industri ini adalah pelbagai dan kompleks.
EN: In Australian political discourse, 'Canberra' is often used as a metonym for the Federal Government, similar to how 'Washington' refers to the US government. The tension between federal climate goals and state-level economic interests (especially in resource-rich states like Western Australia) is a defining feature of Australian environmental politics.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Melemahkan, merosakkan (terutamanya secara beransur-ansur atau tersembunyi)
Dalam konteks: memeriksa dengan teliti, meneliti
Dalam konteks: Membahayakan, merosakkan
Dalam konteks: Bercanggah dengan, bertentangan dengan
Dalam konteks: Menggantikan, menyesarkan
Dalam konteks: Menghalang, merencatkan
Dalam konteks: Terutamanya, secara dominan
Dalam konteks: Tersirat, tidak langsung (tidak dinyatakan secara terang-terangan tetapi difahami)
Dalam konteks: Menahan diri, mengelak
Dalam konteks: Tidak dapat dicapai, mustahil untuk dicapai
Dalam konteks: Kecaman, kutukan
Dalam konteks: rasa hormat, kepatuhan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
Laws that allow citizens to access data held by the government.
Undang-undang kebebasan maklumat
The amount of gases that trap heat in the atmosphere emitted by a specific source.
Pelepasan gas rumah hijau
A strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people to a political decision or event.
Tindak balas politik
A long-term plan to reduce or eliminate carbon dioxide emissions from an economy.
Strategi penyahkarbonan / Strategi pengurangan karbon