Toby Carvery to pay for orchard planting after causing outrage by felling 500-year-old oakToby Carvery Biayai Penanaman Kebun Buah Usai Tuai Kecaman Akibat Tebang Pohon Ek Berusia 500 Tahun
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EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak pasti di masa lalu, dan tindakan tersebut memiliki dampak atau relevansi terhadap masa kini.
The company has decided to change its policy.
Perusahaan telah memutuskan untuk mengubah kebijakannya.
EN: The verb 'agree' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) when expressing a commitment or decision to do something.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'agree' (setuju) diikuti oleh 'to-infinitive' (to + kata kerja dasar) ketika menyatakan komitmen atau keputusan untuk melakukan sesuatu.
They agreed to help us with the project.
Mereka setuju untuk membantu kami menyelesaikan proyek ini.
EN: Toby Carvery is a popular British restaurant chain known for its traditional 'Sunday Roast'. The public outcry over the ancient tree reflects the high value placed on environmental heritage and ancient woodlands in the UK.
EN: The conjunction 'after' is used to connect two events, showing that the action in the main clause (the decision coming) happened following the action in the subordinate clause (using the chainsaw).
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi 'after' digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua peristiwa, menunjukkan bahwa tindakan dalam klausa utama (keputusan dibuat) terjadi setelah tindakan dalam klausa bawahan (menggunakan gergaji mesin).
The store closed after the last customer left.
Toko itu tutup setelah pelanggan terakhir pergi.
EN: Compound adjectives like '500-year-old' use hyphens to join a number and a noun to describe another noun. Note that the noun within the compound adjective (year) is usually singular.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sifat majemuk seperti '500-year-old' menggunakan tanda hubung untuk menggabungkan angka dan kata benda, yang digunakan untuk memodifikasi kata benda lain. Perhatikan bahwa kata benda dalam kata sifat majemuk (year) biasanya menggunakan bentuk tunggal.
They live in a two-hundred-year-old house.
Mereka tinggal di sebuah rumah berusia dua ratus tahun.
EN: In the UK, 'Ancient Trees' and 'Veteran Trees' are highly protected and valued as part of national heritage. Cutting down such a tree without a 'Tree Preservation Order' (TPO) clearance or council permission can lead to heavy fines and significant public backlash, as seen in this case with Toby Carvery.
EN: The verb 'stood' is the past tense of 'stand'. In this context, it is used to describe the location or position of a stationary object (the tree) in the past.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'stood' adalah bentuk lampau dari 'stand'. Dalam konteks ini, kata ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan posisi atau lokasi suatu benda tetap (pohon ini) di masa lalu.
A tall statue stood in the center of the square.
Sebuah patung tinggi berdiri di tengah alun-alun.
EN: Prepositional phrases of place: This sentence uses a sequence of prepositions ('next to', 'in') and commas to narrow down a specific location from the immediate vicinity to the larger city.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional tempat: Kalimat ini menggunakan serangkaian preposisi (seperti 'next to', 'in') dan koma untuk mempersempit lokasi spesifik dari area terdekat ke wilayah kota yang lebih besar.
The hotel is next to the station in a small town near Paris.
Hotel ini terletak di sebelah stasiun di sebuah kota kecil dekat Paris.
EN: Toby Carvery is a popular British restaurant chain known for its traditional roast dinners. The mention of an ancient tree (especially an oak) is significant in the UK, as old oaks are often seen as national symbols and protected heritage. Enfield is a large borough in north London with many green spaces.
EN: Compound Predicate: This sentence uses a compound predicate where one subject ('The incident') performs two actions ('happened' and 'caused') connected by the conjunction 'and'. Both verbs must agree with the subject and maintain consistent tense.
Bahasa Indonesia: Predikat Majemuk: Kalimat ini menggunakan predikat majemuk di mana satu subjek (The incident) melakukan dua tindakan (happened dan caused) yang dihubungkan oleh konjungsi 'and'. Kedua kata kerja ini harus sesuai dengan subjek dan mempertahankan keselarasan tenses.
The storm arrived at midnight and destroyed several houses.
Badai tiba pada tengah malam dan menghancurkan beberapa rumah.
EN: Past Simple Tense: Used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past (in this case, 'in April last year'). Regular verbs add '-ed' (happen -> happened, cause -> caused).
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Simple Tense: Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu (dalam contoh ini, 'April tahun lalu'). Kata kerja beraturan diberi akhiran '-ed' (seperti happen menjadi happened, cause menjadi caused).
She finished her project yesterday.
Dia menyelesaikan proyeknya kemarin.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees like the 500-year-old oak are highly valued as part of national heritage. Environmental protection is a sensitive public issue, and damage to such landmarks often leads to significant media coverage and political discussion, as seen in this case involving the UK parliament.
EN: The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action or state that was completed before another point in the past. In this sentence, the tree being part of the environment happened before the people became angry.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan atau keadaan yang telah selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, pohon sebagai bagian dari lingkungan adalah fakta yang terjadi sebelum orang-orang merasa marah.
The movie had already started when we arrived at the cinema.
Ketika kami tiba di bioskop, filmnya sudah dimulai.
EN: The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action or feeling described in the main clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi 'because' (karena) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan klausa bawahan yang memberikan alasan untuk tindakan atau perasaan yang dijelaskan dalam klausa utama.
She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.
Dia tinggal di rumah karena dia merasa tidak enak badan.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees (especially oaks) are highly valued as symbols of national heritage and biodiversity. Cutting down a 500-year-old tree is often seen not just as environmental damage, but as a loss of history, which explains the 'widespread public outrage' mentioned in the context.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action is more important than the person performing it. Here, 'was discussed' emphasizes the debate itself.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan ketika tindakan itu sendiri lebih penting daripada pelakunya. Di sini, 'was discussed' menekankan pada perdebatan itu sendiri.
The new law was passed by the government yesterday.
Undang-undang baru ini disahkan oleh pemerintah kemarin.
EN: Non-defining Relative Clause with 'which': The word 'which' refers back to the entire preceding clause ('The issue was even discussed in parliament') to provide additional information.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Relatif Non-pembatas dengan 'which': Di sini, 'which' merujuk kembali ke seluruh klausa sebelumnya (masalah ini bahkan dibahas di parlemen), digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tambahan.
He arrived late, which annoyed his boss.
Dia datang terlambat, yang membuat bosnya marah.
EN: In the UK, issues discussed in parliament often represent matters of significant national interest or public concern. The fact that a single tree's removal reached this level highlights the British public's deep cultural attachment to ancient woodlands and environmental heritage.
EN: Non-defining relative clauses: These provide extra information about a noun and are separated by commas. They use 'which' for things and 'who' for people, and cannot be introduced by 'that'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif non-pembatas: Klausa jenis ini memberikan informasi tambahan tentang kata benda dan dipisahkan dengan koma. Gunakan 'which' untuk benda, 'who' untuk orang, dan tidak boleh menggunakan 'that' untuk memperkenalkannya.
The old oak tree, which was 500 years old, was cut down.
Pohon ek tua yang berusia lima ratus tahun itu ditebang.
EN: Legal Action against: The phrase 'start/take legal action against someone' means to sue or begin a formal legal process to resolve a dispute.
Bahasa Indonesia: Tindakan Hukum terhadap: Frasa 'start/take legal action against someone' berarti menuntut atau memulai proses hukum formal untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan.
The company decided to take legal action against the former employee for breach of contract.
Perusahaan memutuskan untuk mengambil tindakan hukum terhadap mantan karyawan yang melanggar kontrak.
EN: In the UK, local councils (like Enfield council) are responsible for public services and land management in specific districts. They have the power to take legal action to protect public assets, such as ancient trees in parks.
EN: The structure 'describe A as B' is used to define or characterize something in a specific way. 'A' is the object, and 'B' is the object complement following the preposition 'as'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'describe A as B' (menggambarkan A sebagai B) digunakan untuk mendefinisikan atau mengkarakterisasi sesuatu dengan cara tertentu. 'A' adalah objek, dan 'B' adalah pelengkap objek setelah preposisi 'as'.
The witness described the suspect as a tall man in a blue jacket.
Saksi mata menggambarkan tersangka sebagai seorang pria tinggi yang mengenakan jaket biru.
EN: The relative clause 'that caused huge damage...' uses the relative pronoun 'that' to provide more information about the noun 'act'. In this case, 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif 'that caused huge damage...' menggunakan kata ganti relatif 'that' untuk memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang kata benda 'act' (tindakan). Dalam hal ini, 'that' berfungsi sebagai subjek dari klausa relatif.
This is a decision that will change our future.
Ini adalah keputusan yang akan mengubah masa depan kita.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees (especially oaks) are highly valued for their historical and ecological significance. Cutting one down without permission is seen as a serious environmental offense, often leading to legal action by local councils like the Enfield council.
EN: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. In this sentence, the reduction of the lifespan happened before the officials made their statement.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan atau titik waktu lain di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, pemendekan umur terjadi sebelum pejabat membuat pernyataan.
The rain had stopped before the game began.
Hujan sudah berhenti sebelum pertandingan dimulai.
EN: Reported Speech with an omitted 'that': After reporting verbs like 'said', 'thought', or 'claimed', the conjunction 'that' is often omitted in informal or news writing to make the sentence more concise.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Tidak Langsung dengan 'that' yang dihilangkan: Setelah kata kerja pelapor seperti 'said', 'thought', atau 'claimed', konjungsi 'that' sering dihilangkan dalam tulisan informal atau berita untuk membuat kalimat lebih ringkas.
She said she would arrive at six.
Dia berkata dia akan tiba pukul enam.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees (especially oaks) are highly valued as part of national heritage. Cutting down such a tree without permission is not just a legal issue but is often seen as a 'reckless act' against the environment and community history, leading to significant public and political pressure.
EN: Relative Clauses (Defining): The phrase 'that runs Toby Carvery' is a relative clause used to identify which specific company is being discussed. It begins with the relative pronoun 'that'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Relatif (Pembatas): Frasa 'that runs Toby Carvery' adalah klausa relatif yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perusahaan spesifik mana yang sedang dibahas. Klausa ini diawali dengan kata ganti relatif 'that'.
The man that lives next door is a famous chef.
Orang yang tinggal di sebelah adalah seorang koki terkenal.
EN: Appositives: 'Mitchells and Butler Retail' is an appositive, which is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it (in this case, 'The company') to provide more specific information.
Bahasa Indonesia: Aposisi: 'Mitchells and Butler Retail' adalah aposisi, yaitu kata benda atau frasa kata benda yang terletak tepat di samping kata benda lain (dalam kalimat ini, 'The company') untuk memberi nama ulang atau memberikan informasi yang lebih spesifik.
My brother, a talented musician, plays the piano every day.
Kakak laki-laki saya adalah seorang musisi berbakat, dia bermain piano setiap hari.
EN: In the UK, legal disputes involving environmental damage to ancient trees are taken very seriously. Ancient trees are often protected by law, and public sentiment regarding local heritage is strong, which is why a large retail company like Mitchells and Butler Retail faced significant pressure to settle and compensate for the damage.
EN: The phrase 'As part of' is used to introduce a context or a condition that is a component of a larger agreement, plan, or situation.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'As part of' (sebagai bagian dari...) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan salah satu komponen atau kondisi dari perjanjian, rencana, atau situasi yang lebih besar.
As part of the deal, he received a new car.
Sebagai bagian dari kesepakatan, dia mendapatkan mobil baru.
EN: The infinitive 'to restore' functions as an adverbial of purpose or the specific action the company will pay for. 'Will pay to [verb]' is a common structure to indicate funding an action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Infinitif 'to restore' (untuk memulihkan) berfungsi sebagai keterangan tujuan atau tindakan spesifik yang akan dilakukan perusahaan dengan membayar biayanya. 'Will pay to [kata kerja]' adalah struktur umum untuk menyatakan pendanaan suatu tindakan.
The government will pay to improve the local schools.
Pemerintah akan mendanai perbaikan sekolah-sekolah setempat.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees and local green spaces are highly valued. When a company causes environmental damage, they are often legally required to fund 'offsetting' projects, such as planting new trees or restoring traditional orchards, to compensate the community.
EN: The modal verb 'will' is used here to express a future commitment or promise as part of a legal settlement. It is followed by the base form of the verbs 'cover' and 'pay'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja modal 'will' digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan komitmen atau kewajiban di masa depan dalam perjanjian penyelesaian hukum. Setelahnya diikuti oleh bentuk dasar kata kerja 'cover' dan 'pay'.
The company will provide a full refund to all affected customers.
Perusahaan akan memberikan pengembalian dana penuh kepada semua pelanggan yang terkena dampak.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' connects two parallel verb phrases: 'cover the council's legal costs' and 'pay for treatment...'. This structure shows that 'it' (the company) is responsible for both actions.
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi koordinatif 'and' menghubungkan dua frasa kerja yang sejajar: 'cover the council's legal costs' dan 'pay for treatment...'. Struktur ini menunjukkan bahwa 'it' (perusahaan tersebut) bertanggung jawab atas kedua tindakan ini.
She will clean the house and cook dinner for the guests.
Dia akan membersihkan rumah dan menyiapkan makan malam untuk para tamu.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees (especially oaks) are highly valued for their historical and ecological significance. Legal actions by local councils against corporations for environmental damage are taken very seriously by the public, often leading to settlements that include restoration projects like planting orchards.
EN: The phrase 'chance of + gerund (-ing)' is used to express the probability or likelihood of something happening.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'chance of + gerund (-ing)' digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan atau probabilitas terjadinya sesuatu.
There is a good chance of winning the game.
Peluang untuk memenangkan pertandingan ini sangat besar.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'because of' is used to introduce a reason or cause, followed by a noun or noun phrase.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional 'because of' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan alasan atau sebab, diikuti oleh kata benda atau frasa kata benda.
The flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
Akibat hujan deras, penerbangan tertunda.
EN: Ancient trees in the UK are often protected by law and hold significant historical and ecological value. The public outcry mentioned in the context reflects the deep cultural connection British people have with their natural heritage and the importance of 'Ancient Woodlands'.
EN: The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, the 'felling' happened before the 'apology'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, 'penebangan' terjadi sebelum 'permintaan maaf'.
The restaurant had already closed when we arrived.
Saat kami tiba, restoran itu sudah tutup.
EN: A relative clause starting with 'that' is used here to provide more information about the noun 'upset'. It specifies which upset is being discussed—the one caused by the felling.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif yang diawali dengan 'that' digunakan di sini untuk memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang kata benda 'upset' (kekesalan/kegelisahan). Klausa ini secara jelas menunjukkan jenis kekesalan yang sedang dibahas—yaitu kekesalan yang disebabkan oleh penebangan.
I lost the book that you lent me.
Saya kehilangan buku yang kamu pinjamkan kepada saya.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees like the 500-year-old oak are highly valued for their historical and ecological significance. Cutting one down without permission is seen as a major environmental offense, often leading to public campaigns and legal action from local councils.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here with 'always' to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present moment.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) digunakan di sini dengan 'always' untuk menggambarkan tindakan atau keadaan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang.
The company has always maintained a high standard of service.
Perusahaan ini selalu menjaga standar layanan yang tinggi.
EN: A Noun Clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'said'. It contains a complete sentence structure (subject + verb + complement).
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Nomina yang diawali dengan 'that' berfungsi sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'said'. Klausa ini mengandung struktur kalimat lengkap (subjek + kata kerja + pelengkap).
He said that the project was finished on time.
Dia mengatakan bahwa proyek tersebut telah selesai tepat waktu.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees (especially oaks) are highly valued for their historical and ecological significance. Cutting them down without proper authorization from the local council can lead to significant legal penalties and public backlash, as seen in this case with Mitchells and Butler Retail.
EN: Present Perfect Passive Voice: Formed with 'has/have + been + past participle'. It is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and focuses on the receiver of the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Pasif Present Perfect: Dibentuk dengan 'has/have + been + past participle'. Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak pasti di masa lalu, dengan fokus pada penerima tindakan.
The decision has been disputed by the local community.
Keputusan ini dipertanyakan oleh komunitas setempat.
EN: Relative Clause with 'who': A relative clause provides more information about a noun (the antecedent). 'Who' is used when the antecedent is a person or a group of people (like 'experts').
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Relatif dengan 'who': Klausa relatif memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang kata benda (anteseden). Ketika antesedennya adalah orang atau sekelompok orang (seperti 'experts'), gunakan 'who'.
I know a doctor who works at that hospital.
Saya kenal seorang dokter yang bekerja di rumah sakit itu.
EN: In the UK, ancient trees (especially oaks) are highly valued for their historical and ecological significance. Cutting down such a tree without permission is not just a legal issue but a major public scandal, as seen by the involvement of the parliament.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: kebun buah
Dalam konteks: izin
Dalam konteks: kemarahan, kemarahan publik
Dalam konteks: ceroboh, tidak memikirkan akibat
Dalam konteks: umur, rentang hidup yang diharapkan
Dalam konteks: diselesaikan, didamaikan (sengketa hukum)
Dalam konteks: memulihkan, mengembalikan
Dalam konteks: bertahan hidup, selamat
Dalam konteks: dengan tulus
Dalam konteks: dipertanyakan, diperdebatkan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
To make a tree or other plant fall to the ground by cutting it near the base.
Menebang
The process of using a court of law to settle a dispute.
Tindakan hukum, tuntutan hukum
The money spent on lawyers and court fees during a legal case.
Biaya hukum, biaya pengacara
An official announcement made by two or more groups together.
Pernyataan bersama