Tadao Ando: The Self-Made ArchitectTadao Ando: Arsitek Otodidak
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EN: The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('began') to describe a completed action or state that occurred at a specific time in the past. It is the standard tense for storytelling and historical facts.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan Past Simple tense (began) untuk menggambarkan tindakan atau keadaan yang telah selesai pada titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Ini adalah tense yang paling umum digunakan saat menceritakan kisah atau fakta sejarah.
The project started in a small garage three years ago.
Proyek ini dimulai tiga tahun lalu di sebuah garasi kecil.
EN: Compound Adjectives: 'Working-class' is a compound adjective formed by a present participle and a noun, used to modify the noun 'district'. These are often hyphenated when they appear before the noun they modify.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sifat majemuk: 'Working-class' adalah kata sifat majemuk yang dibentuk oleh partisip present dan nomina, yang digunakan untuk memodifikasi nomina 'district'. Ketika kata seperti ini ditempatkan sebelum nomina yang dimodifikasi, biasanya diberi tanda hubung.
She lives in a middle-class neighborhood.
Dia tinggal di lingkungan kelas menengah.
EN: Osaka is historically known as a merchant and working-class city, contrasting with the more aristocratic or political atmosphere of Kyoto and Tokyo. This background is significant in Ando's biography as it highlights his 'outsider' status in the elite world of architecture.
EN: The sentence uses the Passive Voice ('was raised') to focus on the person receiving the action (Tadao) rather than the person performing it (the grandmother).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan Kalimat Pasif (was raised), yang memfokuskan perhatian pada orang yang menerima tindakan (Tadao Ando) daripada orang yang melakukan tindakan (neneknya).
The project was completed by a team of experts.
Proyek tersebut diselesaikan oleh tim ahli yang berpengalaman.
EN: The phrase 'instilling in him...' is a Present Participle Phrase used as a resultative clause, describing a consequence of the main action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'instilling in him...' adalah frasa partisip present, yang digunakan sebagai klausa hasil, yang menggambarkan hasil atau dampak dari tindakan dalam klausa utama.
He worked late every night, making him very tired.
Dia bekerja sampai larut malam setiap hari, yang membuatnya merasa sangat lelah.
EN: In Japanese culture, especially in the post-war era, it was not uncommon for children to be raised by grandparents if parents were busy working. This specific upbringing is often cited as a key factor in Ando's unconventional and self-reliant path in architecture.
EN: The semicolon (;) is used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought. It functions like a period but suggests a stronger connection between the two ideas.
Bahasa Indonesia: Titik koma (;) digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa independen yang berkaitan erat secara makna. Fungsinya mirip dengan titik, tetapi menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih kuat antara kedua gagasan tersebut.
She didn't buy the dress; it was too expensive.
Dia tidak membeli gaun itu; harganya terlalu mahal.
EN: The compound adjective 'self-taught' describes someone who has learned a skill or subject by themselves without formal instruction.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sifat majemuk 'self-taught' menggambarkan seseorang yang mempelajari suatu keterampilan atau mata pelajaran sendiri tanpa bimbingan formal, yaitu 'otodidak'.
He is a self-taught musician who plays five instruments.
Dia adalah seorang musisi otodidak yang mahir memainkan lima alat musik.
EN: In Japan, as in many countries, the field of architecture is highly regulated and usually requires a formal university degree to obtain a license. Tadao Ando's success as a self-taught architect is considered extraordinary and a testament to his unique genius and perseverance.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (-ing): Used here as a reduced relative clause or a simultaneous action modifier. 'Navigating' describes what he was doing while working as a driver, providing additional detail about the main action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa Partisip Present (-ing): Di sini digunakan sebagai klausa adjektiva tereduksi atau keterangan tindakan yang menyertai. 'Navigating' menggambarkan keadaannya saat bekerja sebagai sopir truk, memberikan detail lebih lanjut tentang tindakan utama.
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
Dia duduk di dekat jendela, menatap hujan yang turun.
EN: The adverb 'even' is used for emphasis to indicate that something is surprising or unexpected. In this context, it highlights the contrast between his humble beginnings and his later fame.
Bahasa Indonesia: Adverbia 'even' (bahkan) digunakan untuk penekanan guna menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu itu mengejutkan atau tidak terduga. Dalam konteks ini, ini menyoroti kontras antara asal usulnya yang sederhana dan ketenarannya di kemudian hari.
He was so hungry that he even ate the cold leftovers.
Dia sangat lapar sehingga dia bahkan memakan sisa makanan yang sudah dingin.
EN: The mention of Tadao Ando working as a truck driver and boxer is significant in Japanese culture because it highlights his 'outsider' status in the highly academic and hierarchical world of Japanese architecture. Most famous Japanese architects come from elite universities like the University of Tokyo.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): Used here as a reduced relative clause or a supplementary clause to describe an action happening simultaneously with the main verb, or to show a result/consequence of the main action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa Partisip Present (V-ing): Di sini digunakan sebagai klausa tereduksi atau keterangan tambahan, yang menggambarkan tindakan yang terjadi bersamaan dengan kata kerja utama, atau menunjukkan hasil dari tindakan dalam klausa utama.
She walked out of the room, slamming the door behind her.
Dia keluar dari kamar dan membanting pintu.
EN: The use of 'also' as an additive adverb: It is typically placed after the auxiliary verb or the verb 'to be', and before other main verbs to add information to the subject.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan 'also' sebagai adverbia penambah: Biasanya ditempatkan setelah kata kerja bantu atau kata kerja 'be', dan sebelum kata kerja utama lainnya, digunakan untuk menambahkan informasi pada subjek kalimat.
He is a talented musician and also plays professional basketball.
Dia adalah seorang musisi yang berbakat, dan dia juga bermain basket profesional.
EN: In the context of Tadao Ando, the 'ring' refers to the boxing ring. Boxing is often used as a metaphor for individual struggle and discipline in Japanese culture, which Ando later applied to his rigorous approach to architecture.
EN: The phrase 'by chance' is an adverbial prepositional phrase used to describe an event that happens without being planned or expected. It functions as an adverb of manner.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'by chance' adalah frasa preposisional yang berfungsi sebagai adverbia, yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang terjadi tanpa direncanakan atau diharapkan, yang berarti 'secara kebetulan'.
I met an old friend by chance at the airport.
Saya secara kebetulan bertemu dengan seorang teman lama di bandara.
EN: The Past Simple tense (discovered) is used here to describe a completed action that took place at a specific point in the past within a narrative context.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Simple tense (discovered) di sini digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu dalam konteks naratif.
Scientists discovered a new species of frog in the rainforest.
Para ilmuwan menemukan spesies katak baru di hutan hujan.
EN: The story of Tadao Ando is famous in Japan as a symbol of the 'self-made man.' In a society that traditionally values elite university degrees, his success as a self-taught architect who started in a secondhand bookshop is highly inspirational.
EN: The 'so + adjective + that' structure is a result clause used to express that a quality (adjective) is so intense that it leads to a specific consequence.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'so + kata sifat + that' adalah klausa hasil yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu sifat (kata sifat) berada pada tingkat yang sangat tinggi sehingga menghasilkan hasil tertentu.
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep in the theater.
Film itu sangat membosankan sehingga saya tertidur di bioskop.
EN: The passive voice 'be fascinated by' describes a state where someone's interest is captured by an external force or object.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif 'be fascinated by' menggambarkan keadaan di mana minat seseorang tertarik oleh kekuatan atau hal eksternal (terpesona oleh...).
She was fascinated by the ancient ruins of Rome.
Dia terpesona oleh reruntuhan kuno di Roma.
EN: Le Corbusier was a Swiss-French architect who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. His influence on Tadao Ando highlights the global exchange of architectural ideas, where a Japanese self-taught architect found inspiration in European Modernism.
EN: The verb 'start' can be followed by a gerund (-ing form) or an infinitive (to + verb) with little change in meaning. Here, 'traveling' functions as the direct object of the verb 'started'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'start' dapat diikuti oleh gerund (bentuk -ing) atau infinitive (to + kata kerja), dengan makna yang pada dasarnya sama. Dalam kalimat ini, 'traveling' berfungsi sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'started'.
She started learning Japanese last year.
Dia mulai belajar bahasa Jepang tahun lalu.
EN: The 'to-infinitive' (to see) is used here to express purpose, answering the question 'Why did he travel?'. It is a shortened form of 'in order to'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Infinitive (to see) digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan tujuan, menjawab pertanyaan 'Mengapa dia bepergian?' Ini adalah bentuk singkat dari 'in order to'.
He went to the library to study for the exam.
Dia pergi ke perpustakaan untuk mempersiapkan ujian.
EN: The Grand Tour was historically a tradition for young European elites to travel across Europe to learn about art and culture. Tadao Ando's journey mirrors this tradition but as a self-taught architect from Japan seeking inspiration from Western modernism.
EN: The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to describe the method or means of achieving something. In this sentence, three gerunds are used in a parallel list.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'by' yang diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) digunakan untuk menggambarkan metode atau cara untuk mencapai sesuatu. Dalam kalimat ini, tiga gerund digunakan untuk membentuk struktur paralel.
She improved her English by watching movies without subtitles.
Dia meningkatkan bahasa Inggrisnya dengan menonton film tanpa subtitle.
EN: The word 'firsthand' functions as an adverb here, meaning 'directly' or 'from the original source' rather than through books or other people.
Bahasa Indonesia: 'Firsthand' di sini berfungsi sebagai adverbia, yang berarti 'secara langsung' atau 'dari sumber pertama', bukan melalui buku atau dari orang lain.
I wanted to experience the local culture firsthand.
Saya ingin merasakan budaya setempat secara langsung.
EN: Tadao Ando is famous for being a 'self-taught' architect. In many professional fields, especially in Japan, formal education and hierarchy are highly valued. His success without a degree is considered extraordinary and inspiring.
EN: The past participle phrase 'driven by...' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'architect'. It describes the cause or motivation behind the subject's state.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa partisip lampau 'driven by...' di sini berfungsi sebagai kata sifat yang memodifikasi nomina 'architect (arsitek)'. Ini menggambarkan penyebab atau kekuatan di balik keadaan subjek.
The team remained focused, motivated by their shared goal.
Didorong oleh tujuan bersama, tim tetap fokus.
EN: Compound adjectives like 'self-educated' are formed by combining a noun or adverb with a participle to create a single descriptive unit.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sifat majemuk seperti 'self-educated' (otodidak) dibentuk dengan menggabungkan nomina atau adverbia dengan partisip, yang digunakan sebagai satu unit deskriptif.
She is a self-taught musician who plays five instruments.
Dia adalah seorang musisi otodidak yang mahir memainkan lima alat musik.
EN: In Japan, the traditional path to becoming an architect is extremely rigid, usually requiring a degree from a prestigious university. Tadao Ando's rise as a 'self-educated' outsider is a rare and highly respected exception in Japanese society, symbolizing the power of individual will over institutional barriers.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'Without + noun phrase' is used here as a conditional or causal modifier, meaning 'because he did not have'. It sets the condition that led to the result in the main clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional 'Without + frasa nomina' di sini digunakan sebagai keterangan kondisi atau alasan, yang berarti 'karena tanpa...'. Ini menetapkan kondisi latar belakang yang menyebabkan hasil dalam klausa utama.
Without a map, we would have been lost in the mountains.
Tanpa peta, kami akan tersesat di pegunungan.
EN: The modal verb 'would' is used here to describe a typical behavior or a predictable result in a past context, often implying a refusal or a logical consequence of the situation.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja modal 'would' di sini digunakan untuk menggambarkan perilaku khas atau hasil yang dapat diprediksi dalam konteks masa lalu, sering kali menyiratkan konsekuensi logis dalam situasi atau penolakan.
The car wouldn't start no matter how many times I turned the key.
Tidak peduli berapa kali saya memutar kuncinya, mobil itu tidak mau menyala.
EN: In Japan, as in many other countries, the architectural profession is highly regulated. Traditionally, a university degree and a formal apprenticeship are strict prerequisites for joining established firms. Tadao Ando's success as a self-taught architect is an extraordinary exception to this rigid social and professional structure.
EN: The Past Simple tense is used here to describe a completed action that took place at a specific time in the past ('in 1969').
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Simple tense digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu (seperti tahun 1969 dalam kalimat ini).
She started her first business in 2010.
Dia mendirikan perusahaan pertamanya pada tahun 2010.
EN: The possessive adjective 'own' is used after a possessive determiner (like 'his') to emphasize that something belongs to a particular person and no one else.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sifat posesif 'own' sering digunakan setelah penentu posesif (seperti 'his'), untuk menekankan bahwa sesuatu milik orang tertentu, bukan orang lain, dengan penekanan 'sendiri' atau 'pribadi'.
He prefers to cook his own meals.
Dia lebih suka memasak sendiri.
EN: Osaka is Japan's second-largest metropolitan area and is known for its entrepreneurial spirit and distinct culture compared to Tokyo. For Ando, starting in Osaka was significant as it was his hometown and a place where he could challenge the traditional architectural establishment centered in Tokyo.
EN: The phrasal verb 'look down on someone' means to think that you are better or more important than someone else, or to regard someone with contempt.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa kerja 'look down on someone' berarti 'meremehkan' atau 'memandang rendah' seseorang, yaitu menganggap diri sendiri lebih baik atau lebih penting daripada orang lain.
She felt that some of her colleagues looked down on her because she didn't have a university degree.
Dia merasa bahwa beberapa rekan kerjanya memandang rendah dirinya karena dia tidak memiliki gelar sarjana.
EN: The present participle phrase 'seeing him as...' functions as a participle clause, providing additional information or explaining the reason/manner of the main action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa partisip present 'seeing him as...' di sini berfungsi sebagai klausa partisip, yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan latar belakang, alasan, atau cara dari tindakan dalam klausa utama (dalam hal ini, alasan memandang rendah dirinya).
He walked out of the room, realizing he had made a mistake.
Dia meninggalkan ruangan, menyadari bahwa dia telah membuat kesalahan.
EN: The 'establishment' refers to the powerful group of people who control a profession or society and are often resistant to change or outsiders. In architecture, this traditionally meant those with formal degrees and elite connections.
EN: The structure 'see A as B' is used to describe how someone perceives or regards a person or thing. 'As' functions as a preposition here, followed by a noun phrase.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'see A as B' digunakan untuk menggambarkan bagaimana seseorang memandang atau menganggap seseorang/sesuatu sebagai identitas tertentu. Di sini, 'as' berfungsi sebagai preposisi, diikuti oleh frasa nomina.
Many people see this challenge as an opportunity.
Banyak orang menganggap tantangan ini sebagai sebuah peluang.
EN: The word 'just' is an adverb used here to emphasize limitation or to diminish the importance of the subject, often translated as 'merely' or 'only'.
Bahasa Indonesia: 'Just' di sini digunakan sebagai adverbia untuk menekankan keterbatasan atau untuk meremehkan pentingnya subjek, biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai 'hanya' atau 'sekadar'.
He is not just a teacher; he is also a mentor.
Dia bukan hanya seorang guru; dia juga seorang mentor.
EN: In Japanese society, especially in professional fields like architecture, formal education and lineage (which university you graduated from) are traditionally highly valued. Ando's success as a self-taught outsider is a significant defiance of these social norms.
EN: The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a 'Resultative' or 'Accompanying Circumstance' modifier. It explains how the action in the main clause was performed or what the immediate result was.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa Partisip Present (V-ing) di sini digunakan sebagai keterangan 'keadaan yang menyertai' atau 'hasil'. Ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana tindakan dalam klausa utama dilakukan, atau hasil langsung dari tindakan tersebut.
She walked out of the room, slamming the door behind her.
Dia meninggalkan ruangan, membanting pintu dengan keras.
EN: The phrase 'prove someone wrong' is a common collocation where 'wrong' acts as an object complement, describing the state of the object after the action of the verb.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'prove someone wrong' adalah kolokasi umum di mana 'wrong' berfungsi sebagai pelengkap objek, yang menggambarkan keadaan objek setelah tindakan kata kerja (membuktikan bahwa seseorang salah).
The young athlete worked hard to prove his critics wrong.
Atlet muda itu berlatih keras untuk membuktikan bahwa para pengkritiknya salah.
EN: In Japanese society, which traditionally values formal education and established hierarchies, Tadao Ando's rise as a self-taught architect is an extraordinary example of breaking social norms through sheer determination.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: menanamkan (pikiran, kualitas, atau keyakinan)
Dalam konteks: menavigasi, mencari jalan di...
Dalam konteks: ketahanan, daya pulih
Dalam konteks: terpesona, sangat tertarik
Dalam konteks: mengamati
Dalam konteks: rasa ingin tahu
Dalam konteks: mapan, berskala besar dan diakui
Dalam konteks: otoritas, kalangan arus utama
Dalam konteks: orang luar, bukan bagian dari kelompok
Dalam konteks: menunjukkan, membuktikan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
Having learned a skill or subject by oneself without formal instruction.
Otodidak
Accidentally; without being planned.
Secara kebetulan, tidak sengaja
To think that someone is less important than you or that they are not worthy of respect.
Meremehkan, memandang rendah
To show that what someone says or thinks is incorrect by achieving something.
Membuktikan seseorang salah
Gained or learned directly from experience rather than from other people or books.
secara langsung, sendiri
The enclosed area, usually square and surrounded by ropes, where boxing matches take place.
Ring tinju (arena)
The group of influential people, institutions, and traditional authorities that control or dominate the field of architecture.
Elit arsitektur / Kemapanan arsitektur
A professional business or company that provides architectural services.
Firma arsitektur
The collective output, creations, or entire body of art produced by an artist, architect, or writer.
Karya dari (seseorang)