Jane Goodall: The Voice of the Chimps珍·古德：黑猩猩之聲
聆聽課程
0:00
0:00
EN： The verb 'observe' is a verb of perception. When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it describes an action in progress that the subject witnessed.
中文： 動詞 'observe'（觀察）是感官動詞的一種。當後面接賓語（受詞）和現在分詞（V-ing）時，用來描述主詞目擊了正在進行中的動作。
I observed the birds building their nest in the tree.
我觀察到鳥兒們正在樹上築巢。
EN： The past perfect tense (had + past participle) is used here within a relative clause to indicate that the naming of the chimpanzee happened before the observation took place.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）在此處的關係子句中使用，表示「命名」這隻黑猩猩的動作發生在「觀察」到牠之前。
He lost the watch that his father had given him.
他弄丟了那隻他父親之前送給他的手錶。
EN： Jane Goodall's decision to name the chimpanzees (like David Greybeard) instead of numbering them was a major shift in primatology. It acknowledged their individual identities and emotional lives, which was initially seen as unscientific by the academic community.
中文： 珍·古德決定為黑猩猩命名（如大衛·灰鬍子）而非編號，是靈長類動物學的一個重大轉變。這承認了牠們的個體身份和情感生活，這在當時最初被學術界視為不科學的做法。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason or cause for the main action or state.
中文： 連接詞 'because' 用於引導從屬子句，用來解釋主句動作或狀態的原因或理由。
He stayed home because it was raining heavily.
他待在家裡，因為雨下得很大。
EN： The past simple tense 'believed' is used here to describe a state or opinion that existed in the past, often implying that the belief has since changed.
中文： 過去簡單式 'believed' 在此用於描述過去存在的狀態或觀點，通常暗示該觀念後來已經改變了。
People once believed that the Earth was flat.
人們曾經相信地球是平的。
EN： In the mid-20th century, tool-making was considered the defining characteristic of 'Man the Toolmaker.' Jane Goodall's discovery forced the scientific community to redefine humanity or redefine tools.
中文： 在 20 世紀中葉，「製造工具」被認為是人類特有的定義特徵。珍·古德的發現迫使科學界重新定義人類，或重新定義工具。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('challenged') to describe a completed action in the past that had a specific impact. It follows the Subject + Verb + Object structure.
中文： 句子使用了過去簡單式（challenged），用來描述過去已完成且具有特定影響的動作。結構遵循「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞」。
The new evidence changed the course of the investigation.
這項新證據改變了調查的方向。
EN： The preposition 'about' is used here to introduce the subject matter or topic of the 'scientific beliefs'. It functions as a modifier for the noun phrase.
中文： 介係詞「about」在此用於引出「科學信念」的主題或內容。它作為名詞短語的修飾語。
We had a long discussion about environmental protection.
我們針對環境保護進行了長久的討論。
EN： In the mid-20th century, Western science strictly defined humans as the only tool-makers. Jane Goodall's discovery was culturally and scientifically shocking because it blurred the line between 'man' and 'beast,' which was a fundamental pillar of human identity at the time.
中文： 在20世紀中葉，西方科學嚴格地將人類定義為唯一的工具製造者。珍·古德的發現對當時的文化和科學界造成了巨大衝擊，因為它模糊了「人」與「獸」之間的界線，而這在當時是人類認同的核心支柱。
EN： The use of 'what' as a relative pronoun in a nominal clause. Here, 'what makes us human' acts as the object of the preposition 'of', functioning as a noun phrase to describe a concept.
中文： 使用 'what' 作為名詞子句中的關係代名詞。在此處，'what makes us human' 作為介係詞 'of' 的受詞，其功能如同名詞短語，用來描述一個抽象概念。
I don't understand what makes him so angry.
我不明白是什麼讓他如此生氣。
EN： Parallel structure with 'and'. The conjunction 'and' connects two noun phrases: 'the definition of what makes us human' and 'our place in the world', ensuring both parts of the sentence have equal grammatical weight.
中文： 使用 'and' 的平行結構。連接詞 'and' 連接了兩個名詞短語：「是什麼讓我們成為人類的定義」以及「我們在世界上的地位」，確保句子的兩個部分在語法權重上是對等的。
The book explores the history of art and its impact on society.
這本書探討了藝術的歷史及其對社會的影響。
EN： This sentence refers to Jane Goodall's 1960 discovery that chimpanzees make and use tools. At the time, tool-making was considered the defining characteristic that separated humans from all other animals. Her work forced the scientific community to reconsider the biological and philosophical boundaries between species.
中文： 這句話指的是珍·古德在 1960 年發現黑猩猩會製造並使用工具。當時，「製造工具」被認為是區分人類與其他動物的核心特徵。她的發現迫使科學界重新思考物種之間在生物學與哲學上的界線。
EN： The use of 'something' as a noun phrase in apposition. Here, 'something' acts as a summary word that refers back to the entire preceding clause ('Jane gave each chimpanzee a name and carefully described their individual personalities').
中文： 使用 'something' 作為同位語名詞短語。在這裡，'something' 作為一個概括詞，指代前面提到的整個子句（珍給黑猩猩命名並描述其個性這件事）。
He decided to quit his job and travel the world, something his parents found very brave.
他決定辭職去環遊世界，這是一件他父母覺得非常勇敢的事。
EN： The structure 'criticize A as B'. This pattern is used to express the specific reason or category for which someone or something is being criticized.
中文： 結構 'criticize A as B'（批評 A 為 B）。這個句型用於表達某人或某事被批評的具體理由或類別。
The critics criticized the new movie as being too long and boring.
影評人批評這部新電影太長且乏味。
EN： In the mid-20th century, the scientific community was strictly objective. Giving animals names and attributing 'personalities' to them was seen as anthropomorphism—projecting human traits onto non-humans—which was considered a major taboo in rigorous scientific research. Jane Goodall's persistence eventually changed how we define animal intelligence.
中文： 在20世紀中葉，科學界強調絕對的客觀性。給動物取名並賦予其「個性」被視為擬人化（將人類特徵投射到非人類身上），這在嚴謹的科學研究中被視為大忌。珍·古德的堅持最終改變了我們對動物智慧的定義方式。
EN： The verb 'introduce' follows the pattern 'introduce A to B', where A is the person/thing being presented and B is the recipient of the introduction.
中文： 動詞 'introduce' 遵循 'introduce A to B' 的句型，其中 A 是被介紹的人或物，而 B 是介紹的對象（接受者）。
The teacher introduced the new student to the class.
老師向全班同學介紹了這位新學生。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to rename or provide more information about it. Here, 'the loving mother' describes 'Flo'.
中文： 同位語（Appositives）是緊跟在另一個名詞後面的名詞或名詞短語，用於重新命名或提供更多關於該名詞的資訊。在此句中，「the loving mother」描述了「Flo」。
My brother, a talented musician, plays the piano every day.
我的哥哥是一位有才華的音樂家，他每天都彈鋼琴。
EN： In the scientific community of the 1960s, giving animals names instead of numbers was considered unprofessional and biased. Jane Goodall's choice to name her subjects humanized them and changed how the public perceived animal intelligence and personality.
中文： 在 1960 年代的科學界，給動物取名字而非編號被認為是不專業且帶有偏見的。珍·古德選擇為她的研究對象命名，使牠們人格化，並改變了公眾對動物智慧和個性的認知。
EN： Prepositional Phrase as an Adverbial: The phrase 'Through her detailed observations' acts as an adverbial of manner, explaining how the action (proved) was achieved. Placing it at the beginning of the sentence adds emphasis to the method.
中文： 介係詞片語作為副詞用法：'Through her detailed observations'（透過她詳盡的觀察）在此作為方式副詞片語，解釋動作（證明）是如何達成的。將其置於句首可增加對該方法的強調。
Through hard work, he achieved his goals.
透過努力工作，他達成了他的目標。
EN： Noun Clauses with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause (that animals have...) which functions as the direct object of the transitive verb 'proved'.
中文： that 引導的名詞子句：單字 'that' 引導一個名詞子句（動物擁有...），在句中作為及物動詞 'proved'（證明）的直接受詞。
Scientists proved that the earth is round.
科學家證明了地球是圓的。
EN： Jane Goodall's research was revolutionary because, in the mid-20th century, the scientific community strictly avoided attributing human-like traits (anthropomorphism) to animals. Her work bridged the gap between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.
中文： 珍·古德的研究具有革命性意義，因為在 20 世紀中葉，科學界嚴格避免將人類特徵（擬人化）歸因於動物。她的工作縮小了人類與動物界其他成員之間的隔閡。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'not just... but...' (similar to 'not only... but also...') is used to connect two contrasting or supplementary ideas, emphasizing that the second part is also true and often more significant.
中文： 相關連接詞「not just... but...」（類似於 not only... but also...）用於連接兩個對比或補充的觀點，強調後半部分同樣屬實，且通常更為重要。
He is not just a teacher, but a mentor to all his students.
他不只是位老師，更是所有學生的導師。
EN： The word 'that' functions here as a complementizer to introduce a noun clause. This clause acts as the direct object of the verb 'showed', explaining exactly what was shown to the world.
中文： 單字「that」在此作為引導詞，用來引導一個名詞子句。這個子句作為動詞「showed」的直接受詞，詳細說明了向世人展示的具體內容。
The research showed that regular exercise improves mental health.
研究顯示規律運動能改善心理健康。
EN： In the mid-20th century, the scientific community strictly avoided attributing human-like traits (anthropomorphism) to animals. Jane Goodall's decision to give chimpanzees names and describe their personalities was a radical departure from traditional scientific methods, which typically used numbers to identify subjects.
中文： 在20世紀中葉，科學界嚴格避免將人類特徵（擬人化）賦予動物。珍·古德決定為黑猩猩命名並描述牠們的個性，這與當時通常使用編號來識別研究對象的傳統科學方法大相徑庭，是一次激進的突破。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) as a Result: The phrases 'making...' and 'bringing...' are participle phrases that function as an adverbial clause of result. They describe the consequence or outcome of the main action (publishing the work).
中文： 現在分詞短語（V-ing）表示結果：'making...' 和 'bringing...' 是分詞短語，在此作為結果狀語從句使用。它們描述了主句動作（發表研究）所產生的後果或影響。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the city.
大雨持續了數小時，導致城市嚴重淹水。
EN： Compound Object with Parallel Structure: The sentence uses two present participle phrases connected by 'and' to show two simultaneous results of the same action.
中文： 具備平行結構的複合結構：句子使用由 'and' 連接的兩個現在分詞短語，用以展示同一動作同時產生的兩個結果。
He worked hard all year, earning a promotion and gaining his boss's respect.
他全年努力工作，贏得了晉升並獲得了老闆的尊重。
EN： National Geographic is a world-renowned magazine and organization known for its high-quality photography and scientific reporting. 'Bringing into people's homes' is a metaphor meaning that through the magazine's widespread reach, the general public became familiar with a topic that was previously obscure.
中文： 《國家地理》是享譽全球的雜誌與機構，以高品質攝影和科學報導聞名。「帶入人們的家中」是一個隱喻，意指透過雜誌的廣泛傳播，讓一般大眾得以熟悉原本冷門或不為人知的科學主題。
EN： Appositive Phrase: The phrase 'one of the few people...' acts as an appositive, providing extra information about the subject's unique status or clarifying the significance of the preceding clause.
中文： 同位語片語：'one of the few people...' 作為同位語，用來補充說明主詞的特殊地位，或進一步解釋前述子句的重要性。
He is a brilliant pianist, one of the best in the country.
他是一位出色的鋼琴家，是該國最優秀的人之一。
EN： Gerund after Preposition: The word 'obtaining' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun) because it follows the preposition 'without'.
中文： 介系詞後的動名詞：'obtaining' 是一個動名詞（動詞+ing 當作名詞使用），因為它接在介系詞 'without' 之後。
You cannot succeed without working hard.
不努力工作你就無法成功。
EN： In the UK academic system, it is extremely rare to be admitted to a PhD program without a bachelor's degree. This usually only happens for individuals with exceptional field experience or groundbreaking research, highlighting Jane Goodall's unique contribution to science.
中文： 在英國學術體系中，沒有學士學位就被錄取攻讀博士是非常罕見的。這通常只發生在具有卓越實務經驗或突破性研究成果的個人身上，這突顯了珍·古德對科學的獨特貢獻。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('demonstrated') to describe a completed action in the past. It follows the Subject + Verb + Object structure, where the object is a compound noun phrase consisting of two qualities connected by 'and'.
中文： 句子使用過去簡單式（demonstrated）來描述過去已完成的動作。結構遵循「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞」，其中受詞是由 'and' 連接兩個特質所組成的複合名詞片語。
His hard work proved his commitment to the project.
他的努力證明了他對這項計畫的投入。
EN： The preposition 'to' is used here to show the direction of 'dedication'. In English, certain abstract nouns like 'dedication', 'commitment', or 'contribution' are followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate the target or field of that effort.
中文： 介係詞 'to' 在此處用來表示「奉獻」（dedication）的對象或方向。在英文中，某些抽象名詞如 dedication、commitment 或 contribution 後方會接介係詞 'to'，用以指出該努力的目標或領域。
She showed great dedication to her studies.
她在學業上展現了極大的專注與奉獻。
EN： In academic and professional contexts, 'dedication to one's field' is a high compliment, suggesting that a person's work is not just a job, but a lifelong commitment or calling.
中文： 在學術與專業背景下，「對領域的奉獻」（dedication to one's field）是極高的讚美，暗示一個人的工作不僅僅是職業，而是一種終身的承諾或使命。
EN： Compound Predicate: This sentence uses two verbs ('spans' and 'continues') connected by the conjunction 'and' to describe actions performed by the same subject ('research'). Both verbs must agree with the singular subject.
中文： 複合謂語：本句使用連接詞 'and' 連接兩個動詞（'spans' 和 'continues'），用來描述同一個主詞（'research'）所進行的動作。這兩個動詞都必須與單數主詞保持一致。
The project starts in May and ends in December.
這個專案在五月開始，並在十二月結束。
EN： The verb 'continue' followed by an infinitive (to + verb): This structure is used to indicate that an action or state keeps happening without stopping.
中文： 動詞 'continue' 後接不定詞 (to + 動詞)：此結構用於表示某個動作或狀態持續發生而不停止。
The team continues to work hard despite the setbacks.
儘管遭遇挫折，團隊仍繼續努力工作。
EN： Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania is the site where Jane Goodall began her landmark study of chimpanzees in 1960. Her work there is considered the longest-running study of any animal group in the wild.
中文： 坦尚尼亞的貢貝溪國家公園是珍·古德於 1960 年開始她對黑猩猩進行里程碑式研究的地點。她在當地的研究被認為是野生動物群體中持續時間最長的研究。
EN： The sentence starts with an Adjective Phrase ('Now over 90 years old') that functions as a reduced relative clause, providing additional information about the subject 'Jane'.
中文： 句子開頭的形容詞短語「Now over 90 years old」充當簡化的關係子句，用來補充說明主詞「Jane」的背景資訊。
Exhausted from the long flight, the traveler fell asleep immediately.
由於長途飛行感到精疲力竭，這位旅客立刻睡著了。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase ('traveling 300 days a year...') acts as a modifier describing an ongoing action or a simultaneous state of the subject.
中文： 現在分詞短語「traveling 300 days a year...」作為修飾語，描述主詞持續進行的動作或同時發生的狀態。
He spent the afternoon in the park, reading a book under a tree.
他在公園度過了下午，在樹下讀著書。
EN： Jane Goodall is a global icon of environmentalism. The mention of her traveling 300 days a year at age 90+ emphasizes the urgency of conservation efforts and her extraordinary personal commitment, which is highly respected in Western scientific and activist communities.
中文： 珍·古德是全球環保主義的象徵。提到她高齡 90 多歲仍每年旅行 300 天，強調了保育工作的緊迫性以及她非凡的個人奉獻精神，這在西方科學界和活動家群體中備受推崇。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' she founded the institute.
中文： 不定詞 (to + 原形動詞) 在此作為副詞用法，用來表示目的，解釋她「為什麼」創立該協會。
He saved money to buy a new car.
他存錢是為了買一輛新車。
EN： The past simple tense ('founded') is used to describe a completed action that occurred at a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去簡單式 (founded) 用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作。
The company was founded in 1990.
這間公司成立於 1990 年。
EN： The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) is a global community conservation organization. It is famous for continuing the work Jane Goodall started in Gombe, emphasizing that local people are central to conservation success.
中文： 珍古德協會 (JGI) 是一個全球性的社區保育組織。它以延續珍·古德在剛貝開始的工作而聞名，強調當地居民是保育成功的核心關鍵。
EN： Appositives: A noun or noun phrase (a youth program) placed next to another noun (Roots & Shoots) to identify or explain it. It provides additional information without needing a full sentence.
中文： 同位語：將一個名詞或名詞短語（a youth program）放在另一個名詞（Roots & Shoots）旁邊，用來識別或解釋它。它能在不需要完整句子的情況下提供額外資訊。
Mr. Smith, my favorite teacher, is retiring next month.
史密斯先生，我最喜歡的老師，下個月要退休了。
EN： Relative Clauses with 'that': A dependent clause starting with 'that' (that empowers young people...) used to define or provide essential information about the preceding noun (program).
中文： 使用 'that' 的關係子句：以 'that' 開頭的從屬子句（that empowers young people...），用於定義或提供關於前一個名詞（program）的必要資訊。
I read a book that changed my perspective on life.
我讀了一本改變我人生觀的書。
EN： Roots & Shoots is a global program founded by Jane Goodall in 1991. The name symbolizes that roots create a firm foundation and shoots seem small but can break through walls to reach the light, representing the power of youth to change the world.
中文： 「根與芽」(Roots & Shoots) 是珍·古德於 1991 年創立的全球性計畫。這個名字象徵著根部能創造堅實的基礎，而芽看似弱小卻能穿透牆壁尋找光明，代表年輕人改變世界的力量。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It is followed by a noun phrase (the challenges), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介係詞 'Despite'（儘管）用於引出對比。其後接名詞短語（the challenges），而非包含主詞與動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
儘管下著大雨，足球賽仍繼續進行。
EN： The present perfect tense (has seen) is used here to describe an experience that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (has seen) 在此用於描述過去某個不確定時間點發生的經驗，且該經驗與現在有相關性。
He has seen that movie three times already.
他已經看過那部電影三次了。
EN： Jane Goodall is known for her radical optimism. Despite witnessing environmental destruction and animal cruelty, she emphasizes 'reasons for hope,' which has become a central theme of her global activism.
中文： 珍·古德以其「極度樂觀主義」聞名。儘管目睹了環境破壞與對動物的殘酷行為，她仍強調「希望的理由」，這已成為她全球行動主義的核心主題。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 革命性的、突破性的，指徹底改變現有觀念或體系。
在本文中： 觀察，指為了科學或研究目的而進行的仔細注視。
在本文中： 非科學的、不符合科學原則的。
在本文中： 開創性的、創新的，指在某個領域取得重大突破。
在本文中： 獲得、贏得（學位、許可等）。
在本文中： 卓越的、傑出的，指遠高於平均水準。
在本文中： 先驅性的、開創性的，指在某個新領域帶頭進行研究。
在本文中： 不知疲倦的、勤奮不懈的。
在本文中： （對自然資源、動植物的）保護、保育。
在本文中： 賦予力量、授權，使某人有能力去做某事。
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To search for or try to catch something (literally or figuratively).
釣取、搜尋、試圖獲取。
To have a strong effect on someone or something.
產生影響、發揮作用。
To extend across a specific period of time or distance.
跨越、持續（一段時間）。
To question or doubt the truth or validity of existing ideas.
挑戰觀念、質疑信仰。
Individuals (animals or humans) that are being observed or experimented upon in a study.
研究對象；受試者
A particular branch of study or sphere of professional activity.
領域；專業範圍