EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had founded' happened before 'fired'.
中文： 過去完成式 (had + 過去分詞)：用於描述在過去某個動作之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「創立公司」發生在「被解雇」之前。
She had finished her homework before she went out to play.
她在出去玩之前已經完成了功課。
EN： Subordinating Conjunction 'After': Used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates the sequence of events. It connects the earlier event to the main event.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'After'：用於引導從屬子句，表示事件的先後順序。它將較早發生的事件與主要事件連接起來。
After the rain stopped, we went for a walk.
雨停之後，我們去散步了。
EN： The 'garage' is a powerful symbol in American business culture, representing the humble beginnings of iconic tech giants like Apple, Google, and Amazon. It emphasizes the 'American Dream' where innovation can start anywhere.
中文： 「車庫」在美國商業文化中是一個強大的象徵，代表了蘋果公司、Google 和亞馬遜等科技巨頭卑微的起點。它強調了「美國夢」，即創新可以從任何地方開始。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or point in time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。
She realized she had lost her keys after she reached home.
她回到家後才意識到她弄丟了鑰匙。
EN： The conjunction 'because' introduces a subordinate clause of reason, explaining the cause of the situation described in the main clause.
中文： 連詞「because」引導原因從句，用來解釋主句中所描述情況的原因。
The match was canceled because it rained heavily.
比賽因為雨下得很大而取消了。
EN： This sentence refers to Steve Jobs being fired from Apple, the company he co-founded. In Western business culture, it is a famous example of how a major setback can lead to future innovation and personal growth.
中文： 這句話指的是史蒂夫·賈伯斯被他共同創立的蘋果公司解僱的往事。在西方商業文化中，這是一個著名的案例，說明重大的挫折如何能轉化為未來的創新與個人成長的動力。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used to emphasize the person or thing that experiences an action rather than the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 被動語態 (be + 過去分詞)：用於強調動作的承受者，而非動作的執行者。在本句中，「沉重感」是被「輕盈感」所取代。
The old building was replaced by a modern shopping mall.
這棟舊建築被一座現代化的購物中心取代了。
EN： Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions: The word 'being' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun) used after the preposition 'of' to describe a state.
中文： 動名詞作為介系詞受詞：單字 'being' 是動名詞（動詞+ing 作為名詞使用），接在介系詞 'of' 之後，用來描述一種狀態。
She enjoys the feeling of being independent.
她享受這種獨立自主的感覺。
EN： This quote is from Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. It reflects a Zen-like philosophy (Shoshin or 'Beginner's Mind') where losing everything can be a liberating experience that fosters creativity by removing the fear of maintaining success.
中文： 這段話出自史蒂夫·賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮的演講。它反映了一種禪宗哲學（「初心」），即失去一切反而能成為一種解脫的經驗，透過消除維持成功的恐懼來激發創造力。
EN： The verb 'allow' is commonly used in the pattern 'allow someone to do something', which means to give permission or make it possible for someone to perform an action.
中文： 動詞「allow」常用於「allow someone to do something」句型，意為「允許某人做某事」或「使某人能夠做某事」。
The scholarship allowed her to study abroad.
這筆獎學金讓她能夠出國留學。
EN： The phrase 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to identify a specific item that belongs to a group of extreme examples.
中文： 短語「one of the + 最高級形容詞 + 複數名詞」用於指代屬於某個極端群體中的其中一個特定項。
This is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
這是世界上最美麗的城市之一。
EN： This sentence refers to Steve Jobs' perspective on his firing from Apple. In American entrepreneurial culture, failure or being fired is often reframed as a 'blessing in disguise' or a chance for a 'fresh start,' emphasizing resilience and the value of a 'beginner's mind.'
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯對被蘋果公司解僱後的看法。在美國創業文化中，失敗或被解僱常被重新定義為「塞翁失馬，焉知非福」或「重新開始」的機會，強調韌性以及「初心」的價值。
EN： The past participle 'called' is used here as a reduced relative clause (which was called), acting as an adjective to modify the noun 'company'.
中文： 過去分詞「called」在此處用作簡化關係子句（即 which was called），作為形容詞來修飾名詞「company」（公司）。
She lives in a small town called Riverside.
她住在一個名為 Riverside 的小鎮。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause to provide essential information about the noun 'the woman'.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」引導一個限定用法關係子句，用來提供關於名詞「the woman」（那個女人）的必要資訊。
He is the teacher who inspired me to study art.
他就是那位啟發我學習藝術的老師。
EN： This sentence refers to a pivotal period in Steve Jobs' life after being ousted from Apple. NeXT was the computer company he founded, which eventually led to his return to Apple when they acquired it. Laurene Powell Jobs became a significant figure in philanthropy and business.
中文： 這句話描述了史蒂夫·賈伯斯被蘋果公司解僱後的人生關鍵時期。NeXT 是他創立的電腦公司，最終促成了蘋果公司收購該公司並讓他回歸。勞倫·鮑威爾·賈伯斯後來也成為了慈善與商業領域的重要人物。
EN： The conjunction 'After' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that indicates the sequence of events. In this sentence, it shows that the creation of the film happened before the purchase of the company.
中文： 連接詞「After」用於引導從屬子句，表示事件發生的先後順序。在此句子中，它顯示了電影的製作發生在公司收購之前。
After the meeting ended, we went out for dinner.
會議結束後，我們去吃了晚餐。
EN： Compound Predicate: A single subject ('Apple') performs two actions ('purchased' and 'brought back') connected by the coordinating conjunction 'and'.
中文： 複合謂語：單一主詞（蘋果公司）執行了兩個由對等連接詞「and」連接的動作（「收購」和「請回」）。
She opened the door and walked inside.
她打開門並走了進去。
EN： This sentence refers to a pivotal moment in tech history when Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997. Apple's acquisition of NeXT (his 'other company') led to his return, while his success at Pixar had already proven his creative leadership.
中文： 這句話指的是科技史上的一個關鍵時刻，即 1997 年史蒂夫·賈伯斯重返蘋果公司。蘋果公司收購了 NeXT（他的「另一家公司」）促成了他的回歸，而他在皮克斯的成功早已證明了他的創意領導力。
EN： The use of 'to + infinitive' (to remind) functions as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the subject performed the action of looking in the mirror.
中文： 使用「to + 不定詞」（to remind）作為目的副詞，用來解釋主詞為何執行「照鏡子」這個動作。
She saved money to buy a new car.
她存錢是為了買一輛新車。
EN： The phrase 'in a row' is an idiomatic expression used to describe things happening one after another without interruption.
中文： 短語「in a row」是一個慣用語，用來描述事情接連發生而不中斷，意為「連續地」。
It rained for three days in a row.
連續下雨下了三天。
EN： This sentence reflects a famous philosophy of Steve Jobs, emphasizing self-reflection and the courage to make changes when one is no longer satisfied with their daily life. It highlights the importance of personal agency.
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯著名的哲學，強調自我反省以及當一個人不再滿意日常生活時，做出改變的勇氣。它突顯了個人主導權的重要性。
EN： Second Conditional: Used to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple (were), subject + would + verb'.
中文： 第二類型條件句（與現在事實相反）：用於描述在現在或未來假設、虛擬的情況。結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞 (be動詞用were)，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
如果我是一隻鳥，我就會飛向你。
EN： Be about to: A fixed expression used to describe an action that will happen very soon in the immediate future.
中文： Be about to：一個固定片語，用來描述在極短的未來即將發生的動作或事件。
The movie is about to start, so please sit down.
電影即將開始，所以請坐好。
EN： This quote is from Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. It reflects a Zen-like focus on mortality as a tool to prioritize what truly matters in life, a philosophy that influenced his leadership at Apple.
中文： 這段話出自賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮的演講。它反映了一種禪宗式的思考，將「面對死亡」視為一種工具，用來重新審視生命中真正重要的事情，這種哲學也深刻影響了他在蘋果公司的領導風格。
EN： The verb 'diagnose' is commonly used with the pattern 'diagnose someone with something' to indicate the identification of a specific medical condition or illness.
中文： 動詞「diagnose」（診斷）通常使用「diagnose someone with something」的句型，用來表示診斷某人患有某種特定疾病或醫療狀況。
The specialist diagnosed her with a rare skin condition.
專家診斷她患有一種罕見的皮膚病。
EN： Reported speech with 'warned that': When reporting a warning, the conjunction 'that' introduces a subordinate clause. Since the main verb 'warned' is in the past tense, the verb in the clause shifts to the past tense ('had') to maintain backshift consistency.
中文： 使用「warned that」的間接引語：在轉述警告時，連接詞「that」引導一個從句。由於主句動詞「warned」是過去式，從句中的動詞也需轉為過去式（had），以保持時態一致（時態後移）。
The teacher warned that the exam would be difficult.
老師警告說考試將會很困難。
EN： In Western medical contexts, doctors are often direct about a prognosis, even when it is terminal. This reflects a cultural emphasis on patient autonomy and the right to know one's medical status to make personal arrangements.
中文： 在西方醫療背景下，醫生通常會直接告知預後情況，即使是末期病症也是如此。這反映了文化上對患者自主權的重視，以及患者有權了解自己的健康狀況以便做出個人安排。
EN： The sentence uses a relative clause starting with 'that' to provide more information about the noun 'cancer'. This is a defining relative clause, which identifies exactly what kind of cancer is being discussed.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引導的關係子句（形容詞子句）來修飾名詞 'cancer'（癌症）。這是一個限定用法，用來具體說明是哪一種癌症。
He found a solution that could solve the problem quickly.
他找到了一個可以快速解決問題的方案。
EN： The passive voice 'could be cured' is used to focus on the person or thing receiving the action (the cancer) rather than the person performing the surgery.
中文： 被動語態 'could be cured'（可以被治癒）用於將焦點放在接受動作的對象（癌症），而非執行手術的人。
The broken window could be repaired by a professional.
這扇破掉的窗戶可以由專業人員修復。
EN： The structure 'describe A as B' is used to define or characterize something in a specific way. 'As' functions as a preposition here.
中文： 結構「describe A as B」（將 A 描述為 B）用於以特定方式定義或表徵某物。這裡的「as」作為介係詞使用。
She described the experience as a turning point in her career.
她將那次經歷描述為她職業生涯的轉折點。
EN： A relative clause starting with 'that' is used to provide essential information about the preceding noun (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'that requires...' modifies 'a change agent'.
中文： 以「that」引導的關係子句用於提供關於先行詞（前面的名詞）的必要資訊。在本句中，「that requires...」修飾了「a change agent」（變革力量）。
He has a vision that inspires everyone in the team.
他擁有一種能激勵團隊中每個人的願景。
EN： This sentence reflects Steve Jobs' philosophical view on mortality, which he famously shared in his 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. He viewed death not as a tragedy, but as a necessary tool for clearing out the old to make way for the new.
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯對死亡的哲學觀點，他曾在 2005 年史丹佛大學畢業典禮演講中分享過。他認為死亡並非悲劇，而是一個必要的工具，用來清除舊事物，為新事物騰出空間。
EN： The verb 'waste' is followed by an object (time/money) and then a present participle (V-ing) to describe the activity on which the resource is spent.
中文： 動詞「waste」（浪費）後接受詞（如時間或金錢），再接現在分詞（V-ing），用來描述所從事的活動。
Don't waste your weekend worrying about work.
不要把週末浪費在擔心工作上。
EN： The imperative mood is used to give commands or advice. 'Stay' followed by an adjective means to remain in a certain state or condition.
中文： 祈使句用於給予命令或建議。「Stay」後面接形容詞，表示保持某種狀態或情況。
Stay calm and focused during the exam.
考試期間保持冷靜與專注。
EN： This is one of Steve Jobs' most famous quotes from his 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. 'Stay hungry' implies never being satisfied and always pushing for more, while 'Stay foolish' encourages taking risks that others might think are unwise.
中文： 這是賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮演講中最著名的名言。「Stay hungry」（求知若渴）暗示永遠不要滿足於現狀，不斷追求進步；而「Stay foolish」（大智若愚）則鼓勵勇於冒險，即使在他人眼中看似愚蠢。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 創立、創辦（公司或組織）
在本文中： 令人極其震驚且心碎的
在本文中： 卓越的、非凡的、值得注意的
在本文中： 診斷（疾病）
在本文中： 腫瘤
在本文中： 終點、目的地
在本文中： 直覺
在本文中： 有限的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
One after another without a break; consecutively.
連續地、接連地
Created or produced using computer graphics software to create moving images.
電腦動畫的
To maintain a strong desire to achieve more and never be satisfied with current success.
求知若渴、永不滿足
To be willing to take risks and try things that others might think are unrealistic or silly.
虛懷若愚、勇於冒險