EN： Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle): Used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to be relevant or true in the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (has + 過去分詞)：此處用於描述從過去開始並持續到現在，且在目前仍具重要性或屬實的狀態。
Artificial intelligence has become an essential tool in modern medicine.
人工智慧已成為現代醫學中不可或缺的工具。
EN： Present Participle as an Adjective Phrase (facing...): The word 'facing' acts as a reduced relative clause (which faces/is facing) to modify the noun 'challenges'.
中文： 現在分詞作形容詞片語 (facing...)：'facing' 在此作為簡化關係子句，用來修飾名詞 'challenges' (挑戰)。
The issues facing the local community require immediate attention.
當地社區面臨的問題需要立即關注。
EN： The phrase 'twenty-first century' is often used in formal English to emphasize the modern era and the unique problems that define our current time.
中文： 「twenty-first century」(二十一世紀) 在正式英文中常用來強調現代紀元，以及定義我們當前時代的獨特問題。
EN： Compound Subject: When multiple noun phrases are joined by 'and', they form a compound subject. If the items are distinct, the verb must be in the plural form (in this case, 'are').
中文： 複合主詞：當多個名詞短語由 'and' 連接時，它們構成複合主詞。如果這些項目是分開的個體，動詞必須使用複數形式（在此句中為 'are'）。
Reading, writing, and speaking are essential skills in language learning.
讀、寫、說都是語言學習中的基本技能。
EN： Negative Adverbial Phrase 'no longer': This phrase is used to indicate that a situation that existed in the past has now changed and does not exist anymore.
中文： 否定副詞短語 'no longer'：此短語用於表示過去存在的情況現在已經改變，不再存在了。
He no longer works for that company.
他不再在那家公司工作了。
EN： The phrase 'distant threats' reflects a shift in global environmental discourse. For decades, climate change was discussed as a future problem, but modern English texts now emphasize its immediate, present-day reality.
中文： 「distant threats」（遙遠的威脅）反映了全球環境論述的轉變。幾十年來，氣候變遷一直被討論為未來的問題，但現代英文文本現在強調其即時、現狀的真實性。
EN： Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The word 'that' acts as a relative pronoun introducing a clause that describes the noun 'realities'. Since 'that' is the subject of the clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'affect'.
中文： 關係子句（形容詞子句）：單字 'that' 作為關係代名詞，引導一個用來修飾名詞 'realities'（現實）的子句。由於 'that' 在子句中擔任主詞，因此其後直接接動詞 'affect'。
I have a friend that lives in London.
我有一個住在倫敦的朋友。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement: In the relative clause, the verb 'affect' must agree with its antecedent 'realities'. Since 'realities' is plural, the base form of the verb is used.
中文： 主詞與動詞一致性：在關係子句中，動詞 'affect' 必須與其先行詞 'realities' 保持一致。因為 'realities' 是複數，所以動詞使用原形。
These are the factors that cause the problem.
這些是導致該問題的因素。
EN： The phrase 'every single day' is an idiomatic way to emphasize that something happens without exception. It adds emotional weight to the statement compared to just saying 'every day'.
中文： 片語 'every single day' 是一種慣用語，用來強調某事毫無例外地發生。與單純說 'every day' 相比，它為陳述增添了情感重量與緊迫感。
EN： The conjunction 'unless' is used to introduce a negative condition, meaning 'except if' or 'if... not'. It is often used in conditional sentences to show that a specific result will occur if the condition is not met.
中文： 連詞「unless」用於引導否定條件，意思是「除非」或「如果不」。它常用於條件句中，表示如果未滿足該條件，則會發生特定的結果。
You will fail the exam unless you study harder.
除非你更努力學習，否則你考試會不及格。
EN： The Present Perfect tense ('have warned') is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present situation.
中文： 現在完成式（have warned）在此用於描述過去某個不確定時間發生的動作，且該動作與現狀具有關聯性。
Experts have suggested that we reduce our plastic waste.
專家們已經建議我們減少塑膠垃圾。
EN： The use of 'irreversible' in climate discussions reflects a significant shift in scientific communication, emphasizing that some environmental changes cannot be undone, which serves as a powerful rhetorical tool to urge immediate policy changes.
中文： 在氣候討論中使用「irreversible」（不可逆轉）一詞反映了科學溝通中的重大轉變，強調某些環境變化是無法挽回的，這已成為敦促立即進行政策變革的強大修辭工具。
EN： The structure 'One of the + plural noun' is used to pick one item from a group. Even though the noun following 'of' is plural (drivers), the subject of the sentence is 'One', which is singular. Therefore, the verb must be singular (is).
中文： 「One of the + 複數名詞」結構用於從群體中挑選出一個項目。儘管 of 後面的名詞是複數 (drivers)，但句子的主詞是單數的 One，因此動詞必須使用單數形式 (is)。
One of the most important factors is regular exercise.
最重要的因素之一是規律運動。
EN： The preposition 'of' is used here to show a relationship of belonging or origin, connecting the 'drivers' to 'climate change'. It functions as an adjectival phrase modifying the noun.
中文： 介系詞「of」在此處用於表示歸屬或來源關係，將「驅動力 (drivers)」與「氣候變遷 (climate change)」聯繫起來。它作為形容詞片語來修飾名詞。
The cause of the problem remains unknown.
問題的原因仍然不明。
EN： In scientific and environmental discussions, 'carbon dioxide' is often abbreviated as CO2. The term 'drivers' is frequently used in academic English to describe factors that cause or influence a particular trend or phenomenon.
中文： 在科學和環境討論中，「carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)」常縮寫為 CO2。此外，「drivers」一詞在學術英語中常用來描述導致或影響特定趨勢或現象的「驅動因素」或「主因」。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) functions as a noun and can serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun, requiring a singular verb form.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：動名詞（動詞 + -ing）具有名詞功能，可作為句子的主詞。在語法上視為單數名詞，因此動詞需使用單數形式。
Reducing plastic waste is essential for protecting the ocean.
減少塑膠廢棄物對於保護海洋至關重要。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'has/have + past participle', this tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have an effect or relevance in the present, often used with time markers like 'over the past century'.
中文： 現在完成式：由「has/have + 過去分詞」構成，用於描述從過去開始並持續影響到現在，或與現在仍有相關的動作。常與「over the past century」（在過去一世紀以來）等時間標記連用。
Technology has changed the way we communicate with each other.
科技已經改變了我們彼此溝通的方式。
EN： The term 'fossil fuels' refers to natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. In modern environmental discourse, this term is often associated with the debate over renewable energy vs. traditional energy sources.
中文： 「化石燃料」(fossil fuels) 指的是煤炭或天然氣等天然燃料，由地質年代中生物遺骸形成。在現代環境論述中，這個詞通常與再生能源對比傳統能源的辯論緊密相關。
EN： Present Perfect Passive: Formed by 'has/have + been + past participle', it describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has a result in the present, where the subject receives the action.
中文： 現在完成被動語態：由「has/have + been + 過去分詞」構成，描述一個從過去開始持續到現在，或對現在產生影響的動作，且主詞是動作的接受者。
The local library has been renovated to accommodate more visitors.
當地圖書館已經過翻修，以容納更多訪客。
EN： Participle Phrases for Result: The present participles 'trapping' and 'causing' act as a reduced relative clause or a result clause, indicating a simultaneous action or a direct consequence of the main clause.
中文： 分詞片語表示結果：現在分詞「trapping」和「causing」在此作為簡化子句，用來表示與主句動作同時發生或主句動作所導致的直接結果。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, flooding the streets.
大雨持續了數小時，導致街道淹水。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'Reducing' is a gerund (verb + -ing) acting as the subject of the sentence. When a gerund is the subject, it is treated as a singular noun, which is why the singular verb 'has' is used.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：單字 'Reducing' 是動名詞（動詞 + -ing），在此句中擔任主詞。當動名詞作為主詞時，會被視為單數名詞，因此後方接單數動詞 'has'。
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
學習一門新語言會開啟許多機會。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: The structure 'has become' indicates an action or state that started in the past and continues to be true or has relevance in the present.
中文： 現在完成式：結構 'has become' 表示一個從過去開始並持續到現在，或與現在仍有相關性的動作或狀態。
Technology has changed the way we communicate.
科技已經改變了我們溝通的方式。
EN： The term 'carbon footprint' is a common environmental metaphor used in English-speaking countries to describe the total amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. The word 'alike' at the end of a list is a formal way to emphasize that the statement applies equally to all mentioned groups.
中文： 「碳足跡」(carbon footprint) 是英語國家常用的環境隱喻，用來描述人類活動產生的溫室氣體總量。句尾的「alike」是一種正式用法，用來強調所述情況同樣適用於前面提到的所有群體。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'adopting' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). When a gerund phrase acts as the subject of a sentence, it is treated as a singular noun, requiring a singular verb form (e.g., 'does not').
中文： 動名詞當主詞：單字 'adopting' 是動名詞（動詞 + -ing 作為名詞使用）。當動名詞片語作為句子的主詞時，會被視為單數名詞，因此需要使用單數動詞形式（例如 'does not'）。
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
學習一門新語言會開啟許多機會。
EN： Sentence Adverbs: 'Fortunately' is a sentence adverb. These adverbs modify the entire clause that follows, expressing the speaker's attitude or opinion about the information being presented.
中文： 全句修飾副詞：'Fortunately' 是一個修飾全句的副詞。這類副詞修飾其後跟隨的整個子句，用來表達說話者對於所呈現資訊的態度或觀點。
Surprisingly, the project was completed ahead of schedule.
令人驚訝地，這項專案提前完成了。
EN： The passive voice 'when practiced' is a reduced adverbial clause. It omits 'they are' (referring to habits) to make the sentence more concise. This structure is common in formal writing when the subject of both clauses is the same.
中文： 被動語態 'when practiced' 是一個簡化的副詞子句。它省略了 'they are'（指代習慣）以使句子更簡潔。當主句和從句的主詞相同時，這種結構在正式寫作中非常常見。
The medicine is most effective when taken after meals.
這藥在飯後服用時效果最好。
EN： The phrase 'make a difference' is a common collocation meaning to have a significant effect on a person or situation. Adding adjectives like 'meaningful' or 'significant' helps specify the impact.
中文： 'Make a difference' 是一個常見的搭配詞，意指對人或情況產生重大影響。加入 'meaningful'（有意義的）或 'significant'（顯著的）等形容詞有助於具體說明其影響力。
Your donation will make a huge difference to the lives of these children.
您的捐款將對這些孩子的生產生巨大的影響。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and act as the subject of a sentence. In this case, 'choosing' is the subject, and it is treated as a singular noun.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：動名詞（動詞 + -ing）可以具備名詞功能並作為句子的主詞。在此句中，「choosing」是主詞，且在語法上被視為單數名詞。
Reading books helps improve your vocabulary.
閱讀書籍有助於增加你的詞彙量。
EN： Past Participle as Adjective: The past participle 'sent' acts as a reduced relative clause (which is sent), modifying the noun 'waste' to describe its destination.
中文： 過去分詞當形容詞：過去分詞「sent」在此作為簡化關係子句（which is sent），修飾名詞「waste」，用以描述這些廢棄物的去向。
The letters sent yesterday should arrive tomorrow.
昨天寄出的信件應該明天會寄達。
EN： In many Western countries, recycling is a deeply ingrained civic duty. The mention of 'paper, plastic, and glass' reflects the standard categories for waste sorting in residential recycling programs.
中文： 在許多西方國家，資源回收是根深蒂固的公民義務。句中提到的「紙張、塑膠和玻璃」反映了住宅回收計畫中標準的垃圾分類類別。
EN： Gerunds as Subjects: The words 'using' and 'cycling' are gerunds (verb + -ing) acting as the subject of the sentence. When a verb acts as a noun to represent an activity, it must be in the gerund form.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：單字 'using' 和 'cycling' 是動名詞（動詞 + -ing），在句中擔任主詞。當動詞用來表示一項活動並作為名詞使用時，必須使用動名詞形式。
Reading books helps expand your vocabulary.
閱讀書籍有助於擴展你的詞彙量。
EN： Instead of: This prepositional phrase is used to indicate that one person, thing, or action is being replaced by another. It is followed by a noun or a gerund.
中文： Instead of (代替/而不是)：這個介系詞片語用於表示某人、事或動作被另一個取代。其後接名詞或動名詞。
I chose tea instead of coffee this morning.
我今天早上選了茶而不是咖啡。
EN： The phrase 'play a role in' is a common collocation used to describe the part someone or something has in a process or situation. It is often modified by adjectives like 'crucial', 'vital', or 'significant'.
中文： 短語「play a role in」是一個常見的搭配詞，用於描述某人或某事在某個過程或情況中所起的作用。通常會加上形容詞如「crucial」（至關重要的）、「vital」（極其重要的）或「significant」（顯著的）來加以修飾。
Education plays a vital role in shaping a child's future.
教育在形塑孩子的未來中扮演著極其重要的角色。
EN： The preposition 'Beyond' is used here to mean 'in addition to' or 'apart from', indicating that while individual actions are important, there are other factors to consider.
中文： 介係詞「Beyond」在此處的意思是「除了...之外」或「不限於」，表示雖然個人行動很重要，但還有其他需要考慮的因素。
Beyond the cost, we must also consider the time required for this project.
除了成本之外，我們還必須考慮這項專案所需的時間。
EN： In modern corporate culture, the term 'sustainable practices' is often linked to ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, which investors use to evaluate a company's impact on the world.
中文： 在現代企業文化中，「永續實踐」一詞通常與 ESG（環境、社會和公司治理）標準聯繫在一起，投資者利用這些標準來評估企業對世界的影響。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle): This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has just been completed with relevance to the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (have/has + 過去分詞)：此時態用於描述過去開始並持續到現在，或剛剛完成且與現在相關的動作。
The government has already implemented new environmental laws.
政府已經實施了新的環境法規。
EN： Gerund after 'begin': The verb 'begin' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or an infinitive (to + verb) with little change in meaning, indicating the start of an activity.
中文： begin 後接動名詞：動詞 begin 後面可以接動名詞 (V-ing) 或不定詞 (to V)，意思幾乎相同，表示開始某項活動。
She began working on the project last month.
她上個月開始進行這個專案。
EN： In modern corporate culture, this shift is often referred to as ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) initiatives, which have become a standard for evaluating a company's sustainability and ethical impact.
中文： 在現代企業文化中，這種轉變通常被稱為 ESG（環境、社會和公司治理）行動，這已成為評估公司永續發展和倫理影響的標準。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a result or relevance in the present. It emphasizes the completed state of the redesign.
中文： 現在完成式（have + 過去分詞）在此用於描述過去開始並對現在產生結果或關聯的動作。它強調了「重新設計」這一動作已經完成的狀態。
Many factories have updated their machinery to reduce energy consumption.
許多工廠已經更新了他們的機器以減少能源消耗。
EN： The Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb) is used to explain 'why' an action is performed. In this sentence, 'to use' and 'to ensure' explain the goals of redesigning the packaging.
中文： 不定詞表示目的（to + 動詞）用來解釋「為什麼」執行某個動作。在本句中，'to use' 和 'to ensure' 解釋了重新設計包裝的目標。
She saved money to buy a reusable water bottle.
她存錢是為了買一個可重複使用的水瓶。
EN： In modern business contexts, 'Others' often refers to competitors or other companies in the industry who are following a trend, in this case, the trend of sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
中文： 在現代商業語境中，'Others' 通常指代行業內的競爭對手或其他公司，他們正追隨某種趨勢，在此指永續發展與企業社會責任（CSR）的趨勢。
EN： The Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle) is used to describe an action that will be completed by a specific point in the future. It is often used with time expressions starting with 'by'.
中文： 未來完成式 (will have + 過去分詞) 用於描述在未來某個特定時間點之前將會完成的動作。通常與以 'by' 開頭的時間副詞片語連用。
By next year, the company will have launched its new eco-friendly product line.
到明年，這間公司將會推出其新的環保產品線。
EN： Noun Clauses as Objects: The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'predict', explaining what is being predicted.
中文： 名詞子句作為受詞：單字 'that' 引導一個從屬子句，該子句作為動詞 'predict' 的直接受詞，說明預測的內容為何。
Scientists predict that renewable energy will become the primary power source.
科學家預測再生能源將成為主要的電力來源。
EN： The phrase 'sustainable business practices' reflects a significant shift in corporate culture (ESG - Environmental, Social, and Governance) where companies are increasingly held accountable for their environmental impact beyond just profit.
中文： 「永續商業模式」反映了企業文化（ESG - 環境、社會和公司治理）的重大轉變，企業越來越需要對其環境影響負責，而不僅僅是追求利潤。
EN： The phrase 'In conclusion' is a transition marker used to signal the final point or summary of an argument. It is typically followed by a comma.
中文： 短語 'In conclusion' 是一個轉折標誌，用於示意論點的最後一點或總結。通常後面會接逗號。
In conclusion, we must act now to protect our environment.
總之，我們現在必須採取行動來保護我們的環境。
EN： The verb 'requires' is in the present simple tense, used here to state a general truth or a necessary condition. Since 'the fight' is a singular subject, the verb takes the suffix '-s'.
中文： 動詞 'requires' 使用一般現在式，在此用於陳述普遍事實或必要條件。由於 'the fight' 是單數主詞，動詞需加上字尾 '-s'。
Success requires hard work and dedication.
成功需要努力與奉獻。
EN： The conjunction 'While' is used here to introduce a contrast or concession, similar to 'although'. It connects two clauses where the second clause provides a complementary or contrasting perspective to the first.
中文： 連接詞「While」在此處用於引導對比或讓步子句，類似於「although」（雖然）。它連接兩個子句，其中第二個子句對第一個子句提供補充或對比的觀點。
While the technology is expensive, it can save us a lot of time in the long run.
雖然這項技術很昂貴，但從長遠來看，它可以為我們節省大量時間。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to drive meaningful change' functions as an adjective modifying the noun 'power'. In English, 'to + verb' can often describe the purpose or specific nature of a noun.
中文： 不定詞短語「to drive meaningful change」作為形容詞使用，修飾名詞「power」（力量）。在英文中，「to + 動詞」常用來描述名詞的目的或具體性質。
She has the ability to solve complex problems quickly.
她有快速解決複雜問題的能力。
EN： In Western democratic discourse, there is a strong emphasis on the balance between top-down action (government policy) and bottom-up action (grassroots or individual efforts). This sentence reflects the cultural value that individuals have agency and responsibility in solving global issues.
中文： 在西方民主論述中，非常強調「由上而下」（政府政策）與「由下而上」（草根或個人努力）之間的平衡。這句話反映了一種文化價值觀，即個人在解決全球問題中也擁有主動權與責任。
EN： The subject 'Every decision' is followed by an infinitive phrase (to recycle, conserve..., or support...) which acts as an adjective to describe the noun 'decision'. Note that 'Every' is always followed by a singular noun and takes a singular verb ('contributes').
中文： 主詞「Every decision」後接不定詞短語（to recycle, conserve..., or support...），此短語作為形容詞用法來修飾名詞「decision」。請注意，「Every」後面必須接單數名詞，且動詞需使用單數形式（如本句中的 contributes）。
Every effort to improve our service leads to better customer satisfaction.
每一份改進服務的努力都能提高客戶滿意度。
EN： The phrasal verb 'contribute to' means to help cause or bring about something. The word 'to' here is a preposition, so it must be followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing).
中文： 片語動詞「contribute to」意為「有助於」或「促成」。這裡的「to」是介系詞，因此後面必須接名詞或動名詞（V-ing）。
Regular exercise contributes to good health.
規律運動有助於身體健康。
EN： The phrase 'sustainable products' reflects a growing global consumer trend where environmental impact is a key factor in purchasing decisions, often referred to as 'conscious consumerism'.
中文： 「永續產品」(sustainable products) 一詞反映了全球日益增長的消費趨勢，即環境影響是購買決策的關鍵因素，這通常被稱為「自覺消費主義」。
EN： Mixed Conditionals (Type 2): This structure combines a past unreal condition ('If' + past perfect) with a present unreal result ('would' + base verb). It is used to express how a different action in the past would affect the current situation.
中文： 混合條件句（第二型）：此結構結合了過去非事實的假設（If + 過去完成式）與現在非事實的結果（would + 原型動詞）。用於表達過去若有不同的行動，會如何影響現狀。
If I had studied harder in college, I would have a better job now.
如果我大學時更努力讀書，我現在就會有一份更好的工作。
EN： The Gerund as Object: The verb 'start' can be followed by a gerund (verb+ing) to indicate the beginning of an ongoing activity or habit.
中文： 動名詞作為受詞：動詞 'start' 後面可以接動名詞（V-ing），用來表示開始一項持續性的活動或習慣。
She started practicing yoga to reduce stress.
她開始練習瑜伽以減輕壓力。
EN： The use of 'decades ago' in environmental discourse highlights the long-standing scientific consensus on climate change and the missed opportunities for early intervention, a common theme in global climate activism.
中文： 在環境議題的論述中，使用「幾十年前」(decades ago) 強調了科學界對氣候變遷早已達成共識，以及人類錯失了早期干預的機會，這是全球氣候行動主義中常見的主題。
EN： The 'It is + adjective + to-infinitive' structure uses 'it' as a dummy subject (placeholder) to introduce a real subject that is an infinitive phrase. This makes the sentence easier to process.
中文： 「It is + 形容詞 + 不定詞」結構。這裡的 'it' 是虛主詞（代位詞），用來引導後方真正的主詞（不定詞短語），使句子結構更平衡且易於理解。
It is important to protect our environment.
保護我們的環境是很重要的。
EN： The phrase 'never too late to...' is a common idiomatic expression used to encourage someone that an opportunity still exists, regardless of how much time has passed.
中文： 「never too late to...」是一個常見的慣用語，用來鼓勵某人無論時間過去多久，機會依然存在（永遠不嫌晚）。
It is never too late to learn a new skill.
學習一項新技能永遠都不嫌晚。
EN： The concept of 'future generations' is a cornerstone of environmental ethics and sustainable development, often linked to the 'Seventh Generation Principle' from Indigenous American philosophy, which suggests that decisions made today should result in a sustainable world seven generations into the future.
中文： 「後代子孫 (future generations)」的概念是環境倫理和永續發展的基石。這通常與美國原住民哲學中的「第七代原則」相關，該原則建議今天的決策應確保世界在未來七代人之後仍能永續存在。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 緊迫的、急迫的
在本文中： 不可逆轉的、無法挽回的
在本文中： 過度的、過量的
在本文中： 加劇、增強
在本文中： 永續的、可持續的
在本文中： 始終如一地、一貫地
在本文中： 可再生的
在本文中： 法規、規則
在本文中： 節約、保護（資源）
在本文中： 危急的、嚴重的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities.
碳足跡
To have a significant effect on a person or situation.
產生影響、發揮作用
Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
化石燃料
An action or work done by a group of people acting together.
共同努力、集體力量
Thick layers of ice covering the North and South Poles of a planet.
極地冰帽
The main factors or forces that cause a particular situation or process to happen.
主要驅動力 / 主要因素
Thinking about and beginning to deal with an issue or problem.
處理 / 應對
To provide the power or motivation for a transformation or shift to occur.
推動變革