Lautaro Martínez: The Bull They Rejected勞塔羅：被拒絕的少年
聆聽課程
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EN： The appositive noun phrase (an Argentine city...) is used to rename or explain the preceding noun (Bahía Blanca). It is followed by an adjective phrase (famous for...) which functions as a post-modifier, describing the characteristics of the city without using a relative clause like 'which is famous for'.
中文： 同位語名詞片語（an Argentine city...）用於重新命名或解釋前方的名詞（布蘭卡港）。其後接形容詞片語（famous for...）作為後置修飾語，直接描述該城市的特徵，而省略了關係代名詞子句（如 which is famous for）。
He lives in Kyoto, a Japanese city famous for its historic temples.
他住在京都，這座以歷史悠久寺廟而聞名的日本城市。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'instead of' is used to suggest that one thing is chosen, preferred, or true, while another is not. It is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund.
中文： 介係詞片語「instead of」（而非/代替）用於表示選擇、偏好或某事屬實，而排除另一件事。其後接名詞、代名詞或動名詞。
She chose to study history instead of law.
她選擇學習歷史而非法律。
EN： Argentina is globally famous for football (soccer), producing legends like Diego Maradona and Lionel Messi. However, Bahía Blanca is a unique exception, known as the 'Capital of Argentine Basketball' and the hometown of NBA legend Manu Ginóbili. This context makes Lautaro Martínez's football journey from this city particularly interesting.
中文： 阿根廷以足球聞名全球，孕育了迪亞哥·馬拉度納和萊納爾·梅西等傳奇球星。然而，布蘭卡港是一個獨特的例外，它被譽為「阿根廷籃球之都」，也是 NBA 傳奇球星馬紐·吉諾比利（Manu Ginóbili）的故鄉。這一背景使得勞塔羅·馬丁內斯從這座城市走向足球之路的歷程顯得格外有趣。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had been') is used to describe an action or state that was completed before another point in the past. In this context, it emphasizes his father's past career which had already concluded before Lautaro's own football journey began.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個時間點或動作之前就已經完成的動作或狀態。在此處，它強調他父親的足球生涯在勞塔羅開始自己的足球之路前就已經結束了。
She had been a professional dancer before she decided to study law.
在決定攻讀法律之前，她曾是一名專業舞者。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a non-defining relative clause ('who unfortunately never managed to reach the top') to provide extra information about the noun 'footballer'.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」引導非限制性關係子句（who unfortunately never managed to reach the top），用來對先行詞「footballer」（足球運動員）提供額外的補充說明。
I met an old friend, who kindly offered to help me with my project.
我遇到了一位老朋友，他好心地主動提出要幫我做我的專案。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the person or thing affected by the action. In this sentence, 'was rejected' highlights that Lautaro received the action of rejection. The agent performing the action is introduced by the preposition 'by'.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點放在承受動作的人或事物上。在本句中，「was rejected」（被拒絕）強調了勞塔羅是接受拒絕動作的人。執行該動作的主體則由介系詞「by」引導。
The young player was scouted by several European clubs.
這名年輕球員被幾家歐洲俱樂部相中。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'As a teenager' functions as an adverbial of time, indicating the period in someone's life when the main action occurred. 'As' here means 'in the role or status of'.
中文： 介系詞片語「As a teenager」作為時間狀語，表示某人一生中發生主句動作的時期。這裡的「as」意為「作為……的身分或狀態」。
As a child, she practiced playing piano every day.
在孩提時期，她每天都練習彈鋼琴。
EN： Boca Juniors is one of Argentina's most successful and popular football clubs, famous for its passionate fanbase and world-class youth academy. Being rejected by Boca is a common setback for many young Argentine players, but Lautaro's subsequent success at Racing Club and Inter Milan shows how resilience can lead to a legendary career.
中文： 博卡青年（Boca Juniors）是阿根廷最成功且最受歡迎的足球俱樂部之一，以其狂熱的球迷和世界級的青訓系統聞名。對於許多阿根廷年輕球員來說，被博卡青年拒絕是一個常見的挫折，但勞塔羅隨後在競賽會和國際米蘭的成功，證明了堅持不懈如何造就傳奇的職業生涯。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that the young boy was simply not strong enough') which functions as the direct object of the main verb 'believed'. In informal English, 'that' is often omitted, but it is kept here for formal narrative structure.
中文： 名詞子句作賓語（受詞）：連接詞「that」引導一個名詞子句（that the young boy was simply not strong enough），在主句中擔任主要動詞「believed」的直接賓語。在口語中「that」常被省略，但在敘事文體中通常會保留以維持結構完整。
The teacher believed that every student could pass the exam.
老師相信每個學生都能通過考試。
EN： Adverb 'enough' Post-modification: Unlike most adverbs of degree, 'enough' is placed *after* the adjective or adverb it modifies (e.g., 'strong enough', not 'enough strong'). When modifying nouns, however, it precedes the noun (e.g., 'enough money').
中文： 副詞「enough」的後置修飾：與大多數程度副詞不同，「enough」必須放在它所修飾的形容詞或副詞*之後*（例如「strong enough」，而非「enough strong」）。然而，當它修飾名詞時，則置於名詞之前（例如「enough money」）。
She was not tall enough to reach the top shelf.
她不夠高，拿不到最上面的架子。
EN： In youth football (soccer) academies, physical development is often a major criterion for selection. Many world-class players, including Lionel Messi and Lautaro Martínez, faced early rejections from top clubs like Boca Juniors due to concerns over their size or strength, highlighting the high physical demands of Argentine football.
中文： 在青年足球青訓營中，身體發育狀況往往是選拔的重要標準。許多世界級球員（包括梅西和勞塔羅·馬丁內斯）早期都曾因身材或力量問題遭到博卡青年等頂級俱樂部的拒絕，這凸顯了阿根廷足球對身體對抗的高要求。
EN： The phrasal verb 'believe in' means to have faith in the existence, truth, or efficacy of something, or to have confidence in someone's ability or character. This is different from 'believe' without 'in', which simply means to accept something as true.
中文： 片語動詞「believe in」表示信任、信仰或對某人的能力與品格抱持信心。這與不帶介係詞的「believe」（單純相信某事屬實）不同。
The teacher always believed in her students' potential.
這位老師總是相信她學生的潛力。
EN： The verb 'give' is a ditransitive verb, which means it takes two objects: an indirect object (the recipient, 'him') and a direct object (the thing given, 'a real chance'). The typical pattern is 'give + indirect object + direct object'.
中文： 動詞「give」（給予）是一個雙賓語動詞（授與動詞），需要兩個受詞：間接受詞（接受者「him」）和直接受詞（給予的事物「a real chance」）。常見句型為「give + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞」。
She gave me a beautiful book for my birthday.
她送了我一本美麗的書作為我的生日禮物。
EN： Racing Club (Racing Club de Avellaneda) is one of the 'Big Five' clubs in Argentine football. Known for its passionate fanbase and excellent youth academy, it played a crucial role in nurturing Lautaro Martínez's early career after he was overlooked by Boca Juniors.
中文： 競賽會（Racing Club de Avellaneda）是阿根廷足球「五大傳統豪門」之一。該俱樂部以狂熱的球迷和優秀的青年青訓系統聞名，在勞塔羅·馬丁內斯被博卡青年忽視後，競賽會對他早期職業生涯的培養起到了至關重要的作用。
EN： The verb 'call' can be used in a complex transitive structure: 'call + object + object complement' (call someone something). Here, 'him' is the direct object, and '"El Toro"' is the object complement, which renames or describes the object.
中文： 動詞「call」（稱呼）可用於複合及物結構：「call + 受詞 + 受詞補語」（稱某人為某稱號）。在此句中，「him」是直接受詞，「"El Toro"」則是受詞補語，用來補充說明受詞的身份或稱號。
They called the brave dog "Hero" after the rescue.
在救援行動後，他們稱那隻勇敢的狗為「英雄」。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason ('because he fought...'), which explains why the action in the main clause ('Fans soon called him...') occurred.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）引導原因副詞子句（「because he fought...」），用來解釋主句動作（「Fans soon called him...」）發生的原因。
She succeeded because she practiced every single day.
她之所以成功，是因為她每一天都堅持練習。
EN： The nickname 'El Toro' (The Bull) in Spanish perfectly captures Lautaro Martínez's playing style. In South American and European football culture, players are often given animal-themed nicknames by fans or commentators to describe their physical traits or playing attitude. A 'bull' signifies strength, relentless determination, and a refusal to back down from physical challenges on the pitch.
中文： 西班牙語綽號「El Toro」（公牛）完美地捕捉了勞塔羅·馬丁內斯的踢球風格。在南美與歐洲的足球文化中，球迷或評論員經常會根據球員的體能特徵或競技態度，為他們取動物相關的綽號。「公牛」象徵著強壯、不屈不撓的決心，以及在球場上絕不向身體對抗低頭的強悍作風。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by a comma, and 'which' cannot be replaced by 'that' in this context.
中文： 非限定關係子句（使用 'which'）用於對先行詞（名詞）進行補充說明，提供非必要的額外資訊。此類子句前必須加上逗號，且在此用法中 'which' 不能用 'that' 替換。
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
他買了一輛新車，那花了他一大筆錢。
EN： The simple past tense ('moved') is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific, definite time in the past (indicated here by 'In 2018').
中文： 簡單過去式（如 'moved'）用於描述在過去特定、明確時間點（此處由 'In 2018' 指出）已經完成的動作。
In 2015, she graduated from university.
在 2015 年，她從大學畢業了。
EN： Inter Milan (officially Football Club Internazionale Milano) is one of the most successful and historic football clubs in Italy and the world. Moving to such a prestigious European club represents a massive milestone for any South American footballer, marking their entry into the highest level of global club football.
中文： 國際米蘭（官方名稱為 Football Club Internazionale Milano）是義大利及全球最成功且最具歷史底蘊的足球俱樂部之一。對於任何南美洲足球員來說，轉會到如此聲名顯赫的歐洲俱樂部都代表著職業生涯的巨大里程碑，標誌著他們正式進入全球頂級職業足球的殿堂。
EN： The verb 'refuse' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express that someone says they will not do something. This is a common pattern for verbs of decision or intention.
中文： 動詞「refuse」（拒絕）後面接不定詞（to + 原形動詞），用來表示某人表明不願意做某事。這是表示決定或意圖的動詞之常見用法。
She refused to accept the job offer because the salary was too low.
她拒絕接受那份工作邀約，因為薪水太低了。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' connects two independent clauses or parallel verb phrases ('began...' and 'refused...') to show contrast between the two actions.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」（但是）連接兩個獨立子句或平行的動詞片語（「began...」與「refused...」），用以表示這兩個動作之間的對比關係。
He tried his best but failed to win the match.
他盡了全力，但未能贏得比賽。
EN： In football (soccer), 'the bench' refers to the substitute bench where players sit when they are not in the starting lineup. 'Time on the bench' is a common idiom representing a period of being a backup player rather than a key starter. Refusing to 'stay there' metaphorically highlights a player's determination to work hard and earn a place in the starting eleven.
中文： 在足球運動中，「the bench」（替補席）是指非先發球員在比賽期間坐的地方。「time on the bench」（替補席上的時光）是一個常見的說法，代表擔任後備球員而非主力先發的時期。而「拒絕留在那裡」則隱喻了球員不甘於現狀、努力訓練以爭取先發席位的決心與鬥志。
EN： The phrasal verb 'grow into' means to gradually develop or mature into a particular type of person or role over time.
中文： 片語動詞「grow into」意為「成長為」或「發展成為」，指隨著時間推移，逐漸成熟並扮演某種特定的角色或成為某類人。
With hard work, she grew into a confident public speaker.
憑藉著努力，她成長為一位充滿自信的演說家。
EN： The reduplicative phrase 'year by year' is an adverbial of frequency/time, meaning gradually over a period of years. It is used to emphasize steady, continuous progression.
中文： 疊詞片語「year by year」是時間副詞片語，意為「年復一年地」或「一年一年地」，用以強調持續且漸進的發展過程。
Year by year, the small town became a bustling city.
年復一年，這個小鎮變成了一座繁華的城市。
EN： Inter Milan (Football Club Internazionale Milano) is one of the most historic and successful football clubs in Italy and the world. Becoming the club captain ('capitano') carries immense cultural prestige, representing not just tactical leadership but also embodying the club's values and inspiring a global fanbase.
中文： 國際米蘭（Football Club Internazionale Milano）是義大利乃至全球歷史最悠久且最成功的足球俱樂部之一。在義大利足球文化中，擔任球隊隊長（capitano）象徵著極高的榮譽與文化威望，這不僅代表戰術上的領導力，更代表著傳承俱樂部的精神價值並激勵全球球迷。
EN： The past simple tense of regular verbs is formed by adding '-ed' (e.g., 'inspired'), while irregular verbs have unique past forms (e.g., 'became' from 'become'). This tense is used to describe completed actions in the past.
中文： 規則動詞的過去簡單式是藉由在字尾加上「-ed」來構成（例如「inspired」），而不規則動詞則有其獨特的過去式形態（例如「become」變成「became」）。此時態用於描述過去已完成的動作。
She became a professional doctor and inspired many young students.
她成為了一名專業的醫生，並激勵了許多年輕學生。
EN： A compound predicate occurs when a single subject ('He') performs multiple actions connected by a coordinating conjunction like 'and'. Here, 'He' is the subject for both 'became' and 'inspired', avoiding the need to repeat the pronoun.
中文： 當單一主詞（「He」）執行多個由對等連接詞（如「and」）連接的動作時，即構成複合謂語。在這裡，「He」同時是「became」和「inspired」的主詞，從而避免了重複使用代名詞。
He finished his homework and played basketball with his friends.
他完成了功課並和朋友們一起打籃球。
EN： In European football, being named the 'club captain' is a prestigious honor. The captain is not just a tactical leader on the pitch, but also the emotional leader who represents the club's values and unites the dressing room. For a foreign player like Lautaro Martínez to become the captain of a historic Italian giant like Inter Milan is a testament to his immense character and leadership.
中文： 在歐洲足球文化中，被任命為「俱樂部隊長」是一項極高的榮譽。隊長不僅僅是球場上的戰術領袖，更是代表俱樂部價值觀、凝聚更衣室向心力的精神領袖。對於像勞塔羅·馬丁內斯這樣的非義大利籍球員來說，能成為歷史悠久的義大利豪門國際米蘭的隊長，充分證明了他強大的個人魅力與領導能力。
EN： The preposition 'as' is used to state the role, capacity, or function of someone or something. In this sentence, 'as the team's top scorer' indicates the capacity in which he achieved the action.
中文： 介系詞「as」用來表示某人或某事物的身份、職責或功能（作為…/以…的身份）。在本句中，「as the team's top scorer」指明了他是在擔任「球隊神射手」的身份下達成此成就。
She joined the company as a junior designer.
她以初級設計師的身份加入這家公司。
EN： The verb 'lead' followed by a noun/pronoun and the preposition 'to' (lead someone to something) means to guide or conduct someone to a specific place, state, or achievement.
中文： 動詞「lead」後接名詞/代名詞與介系詞「to」（lead someone to something），表示帶領某人到達某個特定地方、狀態或成就（帶領某人走向…）。
The captain led his team to victory in the final match.
隊長帶領他的球隊在決賽中贏得勝利。
EN： In Italian football (Serie A), winning ten league titles (Scudetti) earns a club the right to wear one golden star on their jersey. By winning their twentieth league title in 2024, Inter Milan earned their prestigious second star, a historic milestone that Lautaro Martínez achieved as the team's captain and top scorer.
中文： 在義大利甲級足球聯賽（意甲）中，球隊每贏得十次聯賽冠軍，便可在球衣上繡上一顆金星。國際米蘭在 2024 年奪得他們的第二十座聯賽冠軍，這意味著他們獲得了極具榮譽意義的「第二顆星」，而勞塔羅·馬丁內斯正是以隊長兼神射手的身份帶領球隊達成了這一歷史性里程碑。
EN： Reduced Relative Clauses (Passive): A relative clause with a passive verb (e.g., 'who was once rejected') can be reduced by omitting the relative pronoun and the auxiliary verb 'be', leaving only the past participle ('once rejected'). This makes the sentence more concise.
中文： 簡化關係子句（被動）：含有被動語態動詞的關係子句（例如「who was once rejected」）可以透過省略關係代名詞與助動詞「be」來簡化，僅保留過去分詞（「once rejected」）。這能使句子更為精簡。
The book written by the famous author became a bestseller.
這本由著名作家撰寫的書成為了暢銷書。
EN： Past Continuous Tense: Formed with 'was/were' + present participle (-ing). It is used here to describe an ongoing action or a vivid state in the past, emphasizing the process of lifting trophies.
中文： 過去進行式：由「was/were」+ 現在分詞（-ing）構成。在此處用於描述過去正在進行的動作或生動的狀態，強調舉起獎盃的過程。
They were celebrating their victory all night long.
他們整晚都在慶祝他們的勝利。
EN： Boca Juniors (referred to here as 'Boca') is one of Argentina's most famous and prestigious football clubs, known for producing world-class talent. Being rejected by Boca as a teenager is a common setback for many young Argentine players, but Lautaro Martínez's journey to success in Europe (with Inter Milan) highlights his resilience and ultimate triumph on the global stage.
中文： 博卡青年（此處簡稱為「博卡」）是阿根廷最著名且最負盛名的足球俱樂部之一，以培養世界級球星而聞名。在青少年時期被博卡拒絕是許多阿根廷年輕球員常見的挫折，但勞塔羅·馬丁內斯隨後在歐洲（效力於國際米蘭）取得成功的歷程，突顯了他的韌性以及最終在國際舞台上贏得的輝煌成就。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 不幸地、遺憾地
在本文中： 拒絕、排斥、不予錄取
在本文中： 天賦、才能
在本文中： 堅定地、堅決地
在本文中： 拒絕
在本文中： 最終、終於
在本文中： 鼓舞、激勵
在本文中： 獎盃、冠軍獎盃
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To achieve the highest level of success in a career or field.
達到頂峰、獲得極大的成功
To be a substitute player who is not currently playing in the game.
擔任替補球員（坐板凳）
The championship of a sports league.
聯賽冠軍
The player who scores the most points or goals in a game, season, or tournament.
神射手、最佳射手、得分王