EN： The Present Perfect tense ('has been') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the state.
中文： 现在完成式（has been）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的状态。它通常与「for」连用，以表示该状态持续的时间长度。
She has been a teacher for five years.
她当老师已经五年了。
EN： The idiom 'in a row' is used to describe events happening one after another without interruption (consecutively). It always follows the time period it modifies.
中文： 短语「in a row」用于描述连续发生、中间没有中断的事情（连续地）。它总是放在其修饰的时间周期之后。
It rained for four days in a row.
雨连续下了四天。
EN： In the United States, a 'heat advisory' is an official warning issued by the National Weather Service when the combination of heat and humidity is expected to make it feel dangerously hot. Municipalities often open 'cooling centers' (air-conditioned public spaces) to protect vulnerable residents during these periods.
中文： 在美国，「heat advisory」（高温预警）是国家气象局在预计高温和湿度结合会使人感到危险炎热时发布的官方警告。。在此期间，，地方政府通常会开放「避暑中心」（有空调的公共场所）以保护易受高温影响的居民。。
EN： Noun clauses introduced by 'that' function as the direct object of a reporting verb (like 'announced', 'said', 'thought'). The word 'that' is a conjunction and can often be omitted in informal speech, but is kept in formal writing.
中文： 由「that」引导的名词子句作为报告动词（如「announced」宣布、「said」说、「thought」想）的直接宾语。这里的「that」是一个连接词，在非正式口语中常可省略，但在正式写作中通常会保留。
The company announced that the new product will launch next month.
该公司宣布新产品将于下个月上市。
EN： The preposition 'through' is used to indicate 'up to and including' a specific time or day, meaning the action continues until the end of that period.
中文： 介词「through」用于表示「一直到并包括」某个特定的时间或日子，意指该动作会持续到该时段结束为止。
The exhibition will run from Tuesday through Thursday.
展览将从星期二一直进行到星期四（包含星期四）。
EN： In the United States, 'cooling centers' are temporary air-conditioned public spaces set up by local governments during extreme heat waves. They are crucial for vulnerable populations, such as the homeless or elderly, who may not have access to air conditioning at home, highlighting public health responses to climate change.
中文： 在美国，「避暑中心」（cooling centers）是地方政府在极端热浪期间设立的临时空调公共空间。这些中心对于无家可归者或老年人等弱势群体至关重要，因为他们家中可能没有空调。这反映了因应气候变迁的公共卫生应对措施。
EN： The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'warned'. It contains a complete sentence structure (subject + verb + object) to explain the content of the warning.
中文： 由连接词「that」引导的名词子句作为动词「warned」（警告）的直接宾语。该子句包含完整的句子结构（主语 + 动词 + 宾语），用来详细说明警告的具体内容。
The doctor warned that the patient needed immediate rest.
医生警告说病人需要立即休息。
EN： The prepositional phrase starting with 'with' is used here to express an accompanying circumstance or additional detail. The structure is 'with + noun (the heat index) + past participle (expected to...)', which functions as an adverbial modifier.
中文： 以介词「with」引导的介词短语在此处用于表示伴随情况或补充细节。其结构为「with + 名词（the heat index）+ 过去分词（expected to...）」，在句中作副词性修饰语。
The storm approached, with strong winds expected to cause power outages.
暴风雨即将来临，强风预计会导致停电。
EN： In the United States, temperature is measured in Fahrenheit rather than Celsius. A temperature of 113 degrees Fahrenheit is extremely hot, equivalent to 45 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the 'heat index' (often called 'feels-like temperature') combines air temperature and relative humidity to determine how hot it actually feels to the human body.
中文： 在美国，温度计量使用的是华氏度（Fahrenheit）而非摄氏度。华氏度 113 度是非常极端的高温，约相当于摄氏 45 度。此外，「热指数」（heat index，常被称为体感温度）结合了气温与相对湿度，用以评估人体实际感受到的炎热程度。
EN： The passive voice structure 'be located at' is used to describe the geographical position or site of a building or facility. 'Located' acts as a past participle adjective here.
中文： 被动语态结构「be located at」（位于……）用于描述建筑物或设施的地理位置或地点。这里的「located」作为过去分词形容词使用。
The new library is located at the center of the town.
新图书馆位于镇中心。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'from... to...' is used to indicate a range of time, starting from one point and ending at another.
中文： 介词短语「from... to...」（从……到……）用于表示时间范围，起于某个时间点并止于另一个时间点。
The museum is open from Tuesday to Sunday.
博物馆从星期二到星期日开放。
EN： In the United States, 'cooling centers' are temporary air-conditioned public spaces set up by local governments during extreme heat waves to protect vulnerable populations, such as the homeless or elderly, who may not have access to air conditioning at home.
中文： 在美国，「避暑中心」（cooling centers）是地方政府在极端热浪期间设立的临时空调公共空间，旨在保护无家可归者或老年人等在家中可能无法使用空调的弱势群体。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'from [time] to [time]' is used to indicate the starting and ending points of a time period. It is a common way to express business hours or scheduled events.
中文： 介词短语「from [时间] to [时间]」（从……到……）用于表示某个时间段的起点和终点。这是表达营业时间或活动日程的常用方式。
The library is open from 9 in the morning to 8 in the evening.
图书馆从早上9点开放到晚上8点。
EN： The future simple tense 'will be' combined with the adjective 'open' describes a state that will exist in the future. Note that 'open' here functions as an adjective meaning 'not closed', rather than a verb.
中文： 简单未来式「will be」结合形容词「open」（开放的）用来描述未来将存在的状态。请注意，这里的「open」是用作形容词，表示「营业中/开放的」，而非动词。
The new supermarket will be open next month.
这家新超市下个月将会开始营业。
EN： In the United States, 'cooling centers' are temporary air-conditioned public spaces set up by local governments during extreme heatwaves to protect residents, especially vulnerable populations like the elderly or homeless, who may not have access to air conditioning at home.
中文： 在美国，「避暑中心」（cooling centers）是地方政府在极端热浪期间设立的临时空调公共空间，旨在保护居民，特别是那些家中可能没有空调的弱势群体（如老人或无家可归者）。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies a noun of place (in this case, 'a safe place'). It functions as an adverbial of place within the relative clause, meaning 'in/at which'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导关系从句（形容词从句），用来修饰表示地点的名词（在此句中为「a safe place」）。它在关系从句中充当地方副词的角色，相当于「in/at which」。
This is the library where we study every afternoon.
这就是我们每天下午学习的图书馆。
EN： The verb 'provide' is a transitive verb meaning to supply or make something available. A common pattern is 'provide something' or 'provide someone with something'. Here, it directly takes the noun phrase 'a safe place' as its direct object.
中文： 动词「provide」是一个及物动词，意思是提供或使某物可用。常见的句型包括「provide something（提供某物）」或「provide someone with something（为某人提供某物）」。在本句中，它直接接名词短语「a safe place」作为其直接宾语。
The hotel provides free breakfast for all guests.
这家饭店为所有住客提供免费早餐。
EN： In the United States, 'cooling centers' are temporary air-conditioned public spaces set up by local governments during extreme heatwaves. They are crucial public health resources, especially for low-income families, the elderly, and the homeless who may not have access to air conditioning at home.
中文： 在美国，「避暑中心」（cooling centers）是地方政府在极端热浪期间设立的临时空调公共空间。这些中心是至关重要的公共卫生资源，特别是对于那些家中可能没有空调设备的低收入家庭、老年人和无家可归者。
EN： The sentence uses a noun clause (or 'that' clause) acting as the direct object of the reporting verb 'said'. In English, the conjunction 'that' is frequently omitted in informal or spoken contexts, as seen here ('said [that] the situation is...').
中文： 本句使用了名词从句（或称 'that' 从句）作为转述动词 'said' 的直接宾语。在英语中，连接词 'that' 在非正式或口语情境中经常会被省略，如本句所示（'said [that] the situation is...'）。
The doctor said the patient needs more rest.
医生说病人需要更多休息。
EN： The phrase 'public health concern' is a compound noun structure where 'public health' (noun adjunct) modifies the head noun 'concern'. This is a common way in English to describe specific issues or topics.
中文： 短语 'public health concern' 是一个复合名词结构，其中 'public health'（公共卫生，作名词修饰语）用来修饰中心名词 'concern'（担忧/问题）。这是英语中用来描述特定议题或主题的常见方式。
Water pollution is a major environmental concern.
水污染是一个重大的环境问题。
EN： In US local governance, a 'city official' refers to an appointed or elected individual responsible for municipal administration. During extreme weather events, public health announcements from these officials are critical for mobilizing community resources like cooling centers.
中文： 在美国地方政府体制中，「市府官员」（city official）是指负责市政管理的委任或民选官员。在极端天气事件期间，这些官员发布的公共卫生公告对于调配避暑中心等社区资源至关重要。
EN： The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as the direct object of the reporting verb 'explained'. The conjunction 'that' is often used to introduce reported speech or statements of fact, and it can sometimes be omitted in informal contexts.
中文： 由「that」引导的名词子句作为报道动词「explained」（解释）的直接受词。连接词「that」常用于引导间接引语或陈述事实，在非正式语境中可以省略。
He proved that the new method was much faster.
他证明了新方法要快得多。
EN： The preposition 'like' is used here to mean 'similar to' or 'such as', introducing an example ('this') to modify the noun phrase 'extreme weather'.
中文： 介系词「like」在此处表示「像…一样」或「例如」，引导例子（this）来修饰名词片语「extreme weather」（极端天气）。
Cities like Jacksonville are preparing for climate change.
像杰克逊维尔这样的城市正在为气候变化做准备。
EN： In public health communications in the United States, 'elderly people' (or older adults) and 'young children' are consistently identified as high-risk groups during extreme weather events. Public facilities like libraries and community centers are often designated as 'cooling centers' to provide free air conditioning to those who may not have it at home.
中文： 在美国的公共卫生宣传中，「老年人」（或高龄者）和「幼童」一向被列为极端天气事件中的高风险群体。图书馆和社区中心等公共设施通常会被指定为「避暑中心」（cooling centers），为家里可能没有冷气的人提供免费的空调环境。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that the cooling centers have been designed...') which functions as the direct object of the reporting verb 'added'. In English, 'that' in this position is often optional but is included here for formal clarity.
中文： 名词从句作宾语（受词）：单词「that」引导一个名词从句（that the cooling centers have been designed...），在句中作为报道动词「added」的直接宾语。在英文中，此位置的「that」通常可以省略，但在此处使用以使语气更为正式清晰。
He confirmed that the meeting had been rescheduled.
他确认了会议已经重新安排。
EN： Present Perfect Passive Voice: The structure 'have been designed' uses the present perfect tense in the passive voice (have/has + been + past participle). It emphasizes that the action of designing was completed in the past, but its result or state is relevant to the present.
中文： 现在完成式被动语态：结构「have been designed」使用了现在完成式的被动语态（have/has + been + 过去分词）。它强调设计的动作在过去已经完成，但其结果或状态与现在密切相关。
These programs have been created to support local artists.
这些计划的建立是为了支持当地的艺术家。
EN： In the United States, 'cooling centers' are temporary air-conditioned public spaces set up by local governments during extreme heatwaves. They are crucial for 'vulnerable members' of the community, such as the elderly, young children, and those experiencing homelessness, who may not have access to air conditioning at home. This reflects a public health approach to climate-related emergencies.
中文： 在美国，「避暑中心」（cooling centers）是地方政府在极端热浪期间设立的临时空调公共空间。这对于社区中的「脆弱成员」（如老人、幼童和无家可归者）至关重要，因为他们家中可能没有空调。这反映了应对气候相关紧急情况的公共卫生措施。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past but has a strong relevance or effect on the present situation. The adverb 'also' is placed between the auxiliary verb 'has' and the main verb 'arranged'.
中文： 现在完成式（has/have + 过去分词）在此用于描述过去发生但对现在状况有重要关联或影响的动作。副词「also」（也）置于助动词「has」与主要动词「arranged」之间。
The school has also provided free lunch for all students.
学校也为所有学生提供了免费午餐。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'to and from' functions as an adjective modifier here, indicating direction to a place and back. It is followed by the destination 'the cooling centers'.
中文： 介词短语「to and from」（往返）在此作形容词修饰语，表示前往某地并返回的方向。其后接目的地「the cooling centers」（避暑中心）。
The hotel offers shuttle service to and from the airport.
这家饭店提供往返机场的接驳车服务。
EN： In the United States, local governments often coordinate with public transit authorities during extreme weather events (like heatwaves or severe winter storms) to offer free rides to emergency shelters or cooling centers. This ensures that low-income individuals or those without personal vehicles can access life-saving resources safely.
中文： 在美国，地方政府在极端天气事件（如热浪或严重的冬季风暴）期间，经常与大众运输机构协调，提供免费搭乘服务以载送民众前往紧急避难所或避暑中心。这确保了低收入户或无个人交通工具的民众能够安全地获得维持生命的资源。
EN： The noun clause (or object clause) introduced by 'that' is used as the direct object of the verb 'tell'. In this structure, 'tell' takes an indirect object ('the bus driver') followed by a direct object clause ('that they are traveling to a cooling center') to show what is being communicated.
中文： 由「that」引导的名词子句（或称宾语子句）在此作为动词「tell」的直接宾语。在这种结构中，「tell」后面接间接宾语（「the bus driver」），再接直接宾语子句（「that they are traveling to a cooling center」），用以说明告知的具体内容。
She told her teacher that she would be late.
她告诉老师她会迟到。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to receive a free ride' functions as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action of telling the driver is performed. It is equivalent to 'in order to receive'.
中文： 不定词短语「to receive a free ride」在此作为目的副词，用来解释为什么要执行「告诉司机」这个动作。这相当于「in order to receive」（为了要获得）。
He woke up early to catch the first train.
他早起是为了赶上首班火车。
EN： In the United States, local governments often set up 'cooling centers' (usually in public libraries, community centers, or senior centers) during extreme heatwaves to protect vulnerable populations who may not have access to air conditioning. Providing free public transit to these locations is a common equity measure to ensure low-income residents can reach safety.
中文： 在美国，地方政府在遭遇极端热浪时，通常会在公共图书馆、社区中心或长者中心设立「避暑中心」（cooling centers），以保护家中可能没有空调的易受伤害族群。提供前往这些地点的免费大众运输工具是一项常见的社会公平措施，以确保低收入居民能够安全抵达避暑场所。
EN： The verb 'allow' is followed by an object and an infinitive verb ('to' + verb) to express permitting or enabling someone to do something. The structure is 'allow + object + to-infinitive'.
中文： 动词「allow」（允许/使得）后面接宾语（受词）和不定词（to + 动词），用来表示允许或使某人能够做某事。其结构为「allow + 宾语 + 不定词」。
The new program will allow students to learn at their own pace.
这项新计划将使学生能够按照自己的节奏学习。
EN： The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb, which is followed directly by adjectives (like 'cool' and 'safe') to describe the state or condition of the subject.
中文： 动词「stay」（保持）可作为连系动词使用，后面直接接形容词（如「cool」和「safe」），用来描述主语所处的状态或情况。
Please stay calm during the emergency.
在紧急情况下请保持冷静。
EN： The passive voice 'be + past participle' (are encouraged) is used to focus on the action being done to the subject (residents) rather than who is doing the action. It is followed by an infinitive 'to + verb' to express the action they are encouraged to do.
中文： 被动语态「be 动词 + 过去分词」（are encouraged）用于将焦点放在主语（居民）所接受的动作，而非执行动作的人。后面接不定式「to + 动词」来表示被鼓励去做的事情。
Employees are encouraged to share their ideas during the meeting.
员工被鼓励在会议期间分享他们的想法。
EN： Parallel structure (parallelism) is used to connect words or phrases of equal grammatical rank. In this sentence, three infinitive actions follow 'to': 'stay hydrated', '[to] avoid spending...', and '[to] check on...'. The preposition 'to' is omitted in the second and third parts for conciseness.
中文： 平行结构（排比）用于连接文法地位相同的单词或短语。在本句中，有三个不定式动作接在「to」后面：「stay hydrated」（保持水分）、「[to] avoid spending...」（避免花费...）以及「[to] check on...」（关心...）。为了简洁，第二和第三个动作省略了介词「to」。
EN： In the United States, during extreme weather events like heatwaves, local governments and communities place a strong emphasis on 'checking on neighbors,' especially the elderly or vulnerable who may not have working air conditioning. This community-based welfare check is a common public health recommendation.
中文： 在美国，每当遇到热浪等极端天气事件时，地方政府和社区都会强烈强调「关心邻居」（checking on neighbors），特别是可能没有冷气设备的长者或弱势族群。这种基于社区的互助关怀是常见的公共卫生建议。
EN： The verb 'recommend' is commonly followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing a general recommendation without specifying who should perform the action.
中文： 动词「recommend」（建议）后面通常接动名词（V-ing），用于表达一般的建议，而不特定指出由谁来执行该动作。
The doctor recommends exercising at least three times a week.
医生建议每周至少运动三次。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate purpose or the reason for an action, connecting the action of visiting the website to the goal of getting more information.
中文： 介词「for」在此处用于表示目的或行动的原因，将「访问网站」的行为与「获取更多资讯」的目标连结起来。
Please call this number for more details about the event.
欲知更多关于活动的详情，请拨打这个号码。
EN： In the United States, local governments frequently use official websites and social media to coordinate emergency services, such as opening 'cooling centers' during extreme heatwaves. These centers are typically set up in public libraries, community centers, or senior centers to provide air-conditioned spaces for vulnerable populations.
中文： 在美国，地方政府经常利用官方网站和社交媒体来协调紧急服务，例如在极端热浪期间开放「避暑中心」（cooling centers）。这些中心通常设在公共图书馆、社区中心或长者活动中心，为易受高温影响的群体提供有空调的安全空间。
EN： The structure 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to single out one item that has the highest degree of a quality among a group. Note that the noun following this structure must be plural.
中文： 「one of the + 最高级形容词 + 复数名词」的结构用于指出在某个群体中，某个事物在某种特质上达到最高程度。请注意，此结构后面的名词必须是复数形式。
Mount Everest is one of the most famous mountains in the world.
珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最著名的山峰之一。
EN： The verb 'urge' is followed by an object and an infinitive verb ('urge someone to do something') to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing.
中文： 动词「urge」（敦促）后面接宾语（受词）和不定词（「urge someone to do something」），用于强烈建议或试图说服某人去做某件特定的事情。
The doctor urged him to stop smoking immediately.
医生敦促他立即戒烟。
EN： In the United States, a 'heat advisory' is an official alert issued by the National Weather Service when the heat index is expected to reach dangerously high levels (usually 100°F to 104°F or higher depending on the region). Local governments often respond by opening 'cooling centers'—air-conditioned public facilities like libraries or community centers—to protect vulnerable populations, especially those without access to air conditioning at home.
中文： 在美国，「高温预警」（heat advisory）是国家气象局在预计体感温度达到危险的高温水平（通常根据地区不同为华氏 100 度至 104 度或更高）时发布的官方警报。地方政府通常会通过开放「避暑中心」（cooling centers，如图书馆或社区中心等设有空调的公共设施）来应对，以保护易受伤害的群体，特别是那些家中没有空调的人。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： （政府或官方机构发出的）警告、公告、咨询
在本文中： （具特定功能的）场所、设施、设备
在本文中： 易受伤的、脆弱的、易受影响的
在本文中： 安排、筹备、整理
在本文中： 补充水分的、身体水分充足的
在本文中： 规律地、定期地、经常地
在本文中： 极端的、极度的
在本文中： 敦促、力劝、催促
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
One after another without interruption; consecutively.
接连地、连续地
A quantity expressing the discomfort felt as a result of the combined effects of the temperature and humidity of the air.
酷热指数、体感温度
An air-conditioned public space set up by local authorities to temporarily deal with the health effects of a heat wave.
避暑中心、降温庇护所
To look at or examine someone or something to make sure they are safe, correct, or in a satisfactory condition.
查看、探视、确认（安全或健康状况）
To regard something as important and worthy of attention or respect.
认真对待某事、重视某事