EN： The Present Continuous Tense (is/are + verb-ing) is used here to describe an ongoing trend or a situation that is currently developing and changing over a period of time.
中文： 现在进行时（is/are + 现在分词）在此处用于描述一个正在进行中的趋势，或是在一段时间内正在发展与变化的局势。
The global demand for renewable energy is growing rapidly.
全球对可再生能源的需求正在快速增长。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'as' is used to connect two actions happening at the same time, often implying a causal relationship where one development drives or accompanies another.
中文： 从属连词「as」在此用于连接两个同时发生的动作，通常隐含因果关系，表示一个发展推动或伴随着另一个发展（译为「随着」或「当…之际」）。
As technology advances, our daily lives become more convenient.
随着科技进步，我们的日常生活变得更加便利。
EN： The 'datacentre boom' in Australia reflects a global trend where the rapid rise of AI technologies (like ChatGPT) and cloud computing requires massive physical infrastructure. Australia, particularly western Sydney, has become a key hub due to its stable economy and strategic location, though it sparks local debates over high energy consumption and environmental impacts.
中文： 澳洲的「數據中心熱潮」反映了全球性的趨勢：人工智慧（如 ChatGPT）與雲端運算的快速崛起，需要龐大的實體基礎設施支持。澳洲（特別是西雪梨地區）因其穩定的經濟與戰略位置而成為關鍵樞紐，但這也在當地引發了關於高耗能與環境衝擊的辯論。
EN： Present Perfect Passive (has/have been + past participle) is used to describe an action that has been completed at an unspecified time before now, focusing on the recipient of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 现在完成时被动语态（has/have been + 过去分词）用于描述在现在之前的某个不特定时间已完成的动作，其焦点在于动作的接受者而非执行者。
A new library has been built in our neighborhood.
我们社区里已经建了一座新图书馆。
EN： Prepositional phrases of place ('for...', 'in...') are used to specify location. 'For' indicates the intended destination or site, while 'in' specifies the larger geographical area.
中文： 地方介词短语（'for...'、'in...'）用于指定位置。「For」表示预定的目的地或地点，而「in」则指定较大的地理区域。
The concert is scheduled for the central park in eastern London.
音乐会预计在伦敦东部的中央公园举行。
EN： Western Sydney is one of the fastest-growing economic and urban regions in Australia. Mamre Road, located in this area, is a major industrial transport corridor undergoing significant redevelopment to support logistics, warehousing, and high-tech infrastructure like datacentres.
中文： 西雪梨是澳洲增長最快的經濟與城市區域之一。位於該地區的馬姆雷路（Mamre Road）是一條主要的工業運輸走廊，目前正經歷大規模的重新開發，以支持物流、倉儲以及數據中心等高科技基礎設施。
EN： The sentence begins with 'If approved', which is a reduced conditional clause. In English, when the subject of the conditional clause is the same as the subject of the main clause, the subject and the verb 'to be' can be omitted (e.g., 'If [it is] approved'). This is common in formal and written English to make sentences more concise.
中文： 句子开头的「If approved」是一个简化的条件从句。在英文中，当条件从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可以省略该主语与 be 动词（例如：原句为「If [it is] approved」）。这在正式与书面英文中非常常见，能使句子更为精炼。
If completed on time, the new highway will reduce travel times significantly.
如果按时完工，这条新高速公路将显著缩短通勤时间。
EN： The term 'four-storey' is a compound adjective used to describe the noun 'buildings'. In English, when a measurement or number is used as an adjective before a noun, it is hyphenated, and the noun within the adjective (in this case, 'storey') must be in its singular form, not plural.
中文： 「four-storey」（四层楼的）是一个用来修饰名词「buildings」的复合形容词。在英文中，当数量或数字在名词前被用作形容词时，会用连字符连接，且该形容词中的名词（在此为「storey」）必须使用单数形式，而非复数形式。
They are planning to build a ten-story hotel near the beach.
他们计划在海滩附近建造一栋十层楼高的酒店。
EN： The use of 'part of' followed by a noun phrase indicates that something is a component or member of a larger group, system, or total amount. In this sentence, 'part of an estimated 155 billion dollar investment pipeline' shows that this specific project is one of many investments.
中文： 「part of」（一部分）后面接名词短语，用来表示某事物是更大群体、系统或总额中的一个组成部分或成员。在本句中，「part of an estimated 155 billion dollar investment pipeline」表示这个特定项目是众多投资中的一部分。
This new software is part of our strategy to improve customer service.
这款新软件是我们提升客户服务策略的一部分。
EN： The preposition 'over' is used here to express duration, meaning 'during' or 'throughout the course of' a specific period of time (in this case, 'the next ten years').
中文： 介词「over」在此处用于表示持续时间，意思是「在...期间」或「在...的整个过程中」（本句中指「未来十年」）。
The company plans to hire fifty new employees over the next two years.
该公司计划在未来两年内雇用五十名新员工。
EN： In business and economics, the term 'pipeline' (e.g., 'investment pipeline' or 'project pipeline') is a common metaphor. It refers to a collection of planned projects, investments, or products that are currently under development or scheduled for the future, progressing like items moving through a pipe.
中文： 在商業與經濟領域中，「pipeline」（管道，如「investment pipeline」投資管道或「project pipeline」項目管道）是一個常見的比喻。它指的是目前正在開發中或計劃於未來進行的一系列項目、投資或產品，就像物品在管道中依序推進一樣。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to indicate the source of information, meaning 'as stated by' or 'on the authority of'. It is commonly followed by a noun or noun phrase.
中文： 介词短语「According to」（根据……）用于指出信息的来源，意思是「正如……所言」或「根据……的说法」。其后通常接名词或名词短语。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
EN： The present perfect passive voice ('have been proposed') is formed using 'have/has + been + past participle'. It is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the action's effect on the present, and the receiver of the action becomes the subject.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态（「have been proposed」，已被提议）是由「have/has + been + 过去分词」构成。它用于描述过去某个不确定时间发生的动作，重点在于该动作对现在的影响，且动作的接受者成为句子的主语。
Several new projects have been proposed by the committee.
委员会已经提议了几个新项目。
EN： The 'Climate Council' is a prominent, independent, crowd-funded Australian climate change communications organisation. It provides authoritative, expert advice to the Australian public on climate change and energy solutions, often acting as an independent alternative to government agencies.
中文： 「氣候理事會」（Climate Council）是澳洲一個著名的、由群眾募資成立的獨立氣候變遷傳播組織。它向澳洲公眾提供關於氣候變遷和能源解決方案的權威專家建議，通常作為政府機構之外的獨立監督與發聲管道。
EN： Partial Negation (not everyone): When 'not' is used with words like 'everyone', 'all', or 'always', it creates a partial negation, meaning 'some do, but some do not', rather than a total negation ('no one').
中文： 部分否定（not everyone）：当否定词「not」与「everyone」（每个人）、「all」（全部）或「always」（总是）等字连用时，会形成部分否定，表示「有些人会，但有些人不会」，而非全盘否定（没有人）。
Not everyone agreed with the new policy.
并非每个人都同意这项新政策。
EN： Noun Clause as Direct Object (convinced that...): The 'that' clause functions as a noun clause, acting as the object of the adjective 'convinced' (which behaves like a transitive verb here) to express what people are convinced of.
中文： 名词从句作直接宾语（convinced that...）：「that」引导的从句在此作为名词从句，担任形容词「convinced」（在此用法类似及物动词）的宾语，用来补充说明人们所相信或确信的具体内容。
She is convinced that she made the right decision.
她确信自己做出了正确的决定。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used here to introduce a non-defining relative clause. In this context, 'which' refers back to the entire preceding clause ('Datacentres require enormous amounts of electricity and water') rather than just a single noun, adding extra information or a comment about that situation.
中文： 关系代词「which」在此用于引导非限定性关系从句。在这种用法中，「which」代表前面整个从句所描述的情况（即「数据中心需要大量的电力和水」），而非单一主语，用来对该情况进行补充说明或评论。
He passed the exam with perfect scores, which surprised everyone.
他以满分通过了考试，这让每个人都感到很惊讶。
EN： The phrase 'come at a cost' is an idiomatic expression meaning to be obtained or achieved at a disadvantage, sacrifice, or expense. An adjective (like 'high' or 'environmental') is often placed before 'cost' to specify the nature or severity of the sacrifice.
中文： 短语「come at a cost」是一个惯用语，意思是「以某种代价、牺牲或损失为代价」来获得或达成某事。通常会在「cost」前面加上形容词（如「high」高昂的 或「environmental」环境的）来具体说明该代价的性质或严重程度。
Success often comes at a personal cost.
成功往往需要付出个人代价。
EN： The rapid growth of artificial intelligence and cloud computing has led to a global surge in datacentre construction. While they are essential for the digital economy, their massive consumption of electricity (for running servers) and water (for cooling systems) has sparked intense environmental debates worldwide, particularly in countries like Australia that face water scarcity and energy transition challenges.
中文： 人工智慧和雲端運算的快速發展導致全球數據中心建設激增。雖然它們對數位經濟至關重要，但其巨大的耗電量（用於運行伺服器）和耗水量（用於冷卻系統）在全球引發了激烈的環境爭議，特別是在面臨缺水和能源轉型挑戰的澳洲等國。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have pointed out') is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present situation. 'Point out' is a phrasal verb meaning to direct attention to a fact.
中文： 现在完成时（have pointed out）在此用于描述过去某个未明确说明的时间所发生的动作，且该动作与现在的情况有所关联。动词短语「point out」意为「指出」或「引人注意某事实」。
Researchers have pointed out the potential risks of the new technology.
研究人员已经指出了这项新技术的潜在风险。
EN： The noun clause introduced by 'that' ('that these facilities also offer...') acts as the direct object of the verb phrase 'pointed out'. It contains a complete sentence structure (subject + verb + object).
中文： 由「that」引导的名词从句（that these facilities also offer...）作为动词短语「pointed out」的直接宾语。该从句本身包含完整的句子结构（主语 + 动词 + 宾语）。
She believes that the project will succeed.
她相信这个项目会成功。
EN： This sentence highlights a common socio-economic debate surrounding high-tech developments like datacentres. While they represent massive financial investments, they are highly automated and require very few staff to run daily, leading to tension with local communities who expect job creation in exchange for the environmental impact.
中文： 這句話突顯了圍繞數據中心等高科技開發案常見的社會經濟爭議。雖然這些項目代表著龐大的資金投資，但由於高度自動化，日常營運所需的員工極少，這往往會與期望以就業機會換取環境影響補償的當地社區產生緊張關係。
EN： Apposition (Appositive Phrase): An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or describe it. In this sentence, 'the head of climate and energy economics at Oxford Economics Australia' is an appositive phrase that describes and provides more information about the subject 'Alex Hooper'. It is set off by commas.
中文： 同位语（同位语短语）：同位语是指紧跟在另一个名词旁边，用以重新命名或修饰该名词的名词或名词短语。在本句中，「the head of climate and energy economics at Oxford Economics Australia」（牛津经济研究院澳大利亚分部的气候与能源经济学主管）是一个同位语短语，用来修饰并提供关于主语「Alex Hooper」（亚历克斯·胡珀）的更多信息，前后以逗号隔开。
Mr. Green, the principal of our school, will give a speech tomorrow.
我们学校的校长格林先生明天将发表谈话。
EN： Correlative Conjunctions (both... and...): This paired conjunction is used to join two grammatical elements of equal importance (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.). It emphasizes that both elements are included. In this sentence, it connects the two nouns 'opportunities' and 'risks'.
中文： 关联连词（both... and...，既……又…… / 两者皆）：此成对连词用于连接两个具有相同语法重要性的元素（如名词、形容词、动词等），用以强调两者皆包含在内。在本句中，它连接了「opportunities」（机会）与「risks」（风险）这两个名词。
The hotel is both comfortable and cheap.
这家旅馆既舒适又便宜。
EN： Oxford Economics is a leader in global forecasting and quantitative analysis. Its Australian branch, Oxford Economics Australia, provides crucial economic analysis and advice to businesses and governments, making its experts highly influential in national debates regarding infrastructure and climate policy.
中文： 牛津經濟研究院（Oxford Economics）是全球預測與定量分析的領導機構。其澳洲分部（Oxford Economics Australia）為企業和政府提供關鍵的經濟分析與建議，這使得該機構的專家在有關基礎建設和氣候政策的國家辯論中具有高度影響力。
EN： The structure 'There are + plural noun' is used to state the existence of more than one person, place, thing, or idea. 'There' acts as a dummy subject, while the real subject is the plural noun that follows.
中文： 「There are + 复数名词」结构用于表示多个主体（人、事、物或概念）的存在。在此结构中，「There」作为引导词（形式主语），真正的动词单复数由后面接的复数名词（主语）决定。
There are many challenges we must face together.
有许多我们必须共同面对的挑战。
EN： The phrase 'be smart about' means to act wisely, make sensible decisions, or be practical regarding a specific topic or situation. It is often followed by a noun phrase or a noun clause starting with a question word like 'how' or 'what'.
中文： 短语「be smart about」意为在特定情况或主题上表现得聪明、明智或务实。后面通常接名词短语，或由疑问词（如 how、what）引导的名词从句。
We need to be smart about how we use our limited resources.
我们需要明智地对待我们如何使用有限资源这件事。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause functioning as the direct object of the verb 'believes'. It connects the main subject's belief to the specific statement of what he believes. In informal English, 'that' is often omitted, but it is kept here for clarity and formal structure.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词从句：连接词 'that' 引导一个名词从句，作为动词 'believes'（相信）的直接宾语。它将主语所相信的内容具体连接起来。在非正式英语中，'that' 经常被省略，但在此处保留以使结构更清晰、正式。
She hopes that the new policy will reduce traffic congestion.
她希望新政策能减少交通拥堵。
EN： Causative Verb 'help' with Bare Infinitive: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') or a full infinitive (with 'to'). In this sentence, 'help Australia's economy grow' uses the bare infinitive 'grow' to describe the action being assisted.
中文： 使役动词 'help' 搭配不带 to 的不定式：动词 'help'（帮助）后面可以接一个宾语，然后接不带 to 的不定式（不带 'to' 的动词）或带 to 的不定式（带 'to' 的动词）。在本句中，'help Australia's economy grow' 使用了不带 to 的不定式 'grow' 来描述所协助的动作。
This software can help you finish your work faster.
这款软件可以帮助你更快完成工作。
EN： The debate in Australia regarding datacentres highlights a global tension between rapid technological advancement (especially AI) and environmental sustainability. Australia, known for its unique ecosystems and water scarcity issues, faces critical decisions on how to allocate its natural resources to support high-energy digital infrastructure.
中文： 澳洲圍繞數據中心的辯論突顯了全球在技術快速進步（特別是人工智慧）與環境永續發展之間的緊張關係。澳洲以其獨特的生態系統和缺水問題而聞名，目前正面臨如何分配自然資源以支持高耗能數位基礎設施的關鍵決策。
EN： The noun clause (or content clause) introduced by 'that' functions as the direct object of the reporting verb 'warns'. It contains a complete sentence structure (subject + verb + object) explaining what the warning is about.
中文： 由连接词「that」引导的名词从句（又称内容从句），在此作为报道动词「warns」（警告）的直接宾语。该从句包含完整的句子结构（主语 + 动词 + 宾语），用以说明警告的具体内容。
She warns that the road is very slippery after the rain.
她警告说，下雨后路面非常湿滑。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a future possibility or potential consequence, rather than past ability. It suggests that the serious problems are a likely outcome if the condition (too much development without planning) is met.
中文： 情态动词「could」在此处用于表示未来的可能性或潜在的后果，而非过去的能力。它暗示如果满足特定条件（没有规划的过度开发），「严重的问题」将是可能发生的结果。
If we don't save water now, we could face a shortage next month.
如果我们现在不节约用水，下个月我们可能会面临短缺。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('has become') is used to describe an action or state that started in the past and has a connection to the present, often showing a result or a change that is relevant now.
中文： 现在完成时（has become）用于描述过去开始并与现在有联系的动作或状态，通常用来表示对现在产生影响的结果或转变。
The small town has become a popular tourist destination over the last few years.
在过去的几年里，这个小镇已经成为一个热门的旅游景点。
EN： The preposition 'over' is used here to mean 'concerning' or 'about', indicating the subject matter of the debate.
中文： 介词「over」在此处表示「关于」或「针对」，用来指出这场争论的主题或对象。
There is a heated discussion over the new company policy.
针对公司的新政策，目前正进行着一场激烈的讨论。
EN： The term 'policymakers' refers to individuals or groups responsible for formulating policies, especially in government. In Australia, the rapid growth of technology infrastructure like datacentres has forced governments and local councils to balance economic development with environmental sustainability, making it a major national political discussion.
中文： 「policymakers」（政策制定者）是指負責制定政策的個人或團體，特別是在政府機構中。在澳洲，數據中心等科技基礎設施的快速增長，迫使各級政府與地方議會必須在經濟發展與環境永續之間取得平衡，這也讓此議題成為全國性的重要政治討論焦點。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In 'are considered', the agent (who considers them) is omitted because it is general or obvious.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在「are considered」（被认为）中，执行者（谁认为它们）被省略了，因为这是一般大众或显而易见的观点。
The new project is considered a major milestone for the company.
这个新项目被认为是该公司的一个重要里程碑。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause occurs.
中文： 从属连词「because」（因为）用于引导表示原因的从属从句，解释主句动作发生的原因。
She decided to walk to work because the weather was beautiful.
她决定走路去上班，因为天气非常好。
EN： The structure 'balance A with B' is used to show how two different or opposing things are given equal importance or kept in a stable relationship. 'With' is a preposition, so it must be followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing), such as 'protecting'.
中文： 「balance A with B」（在 A 与 B 之间取得平衡）的结构用于表示如何让两个不同或对立的事物具有同等的重要性或保持稳定关系。由于「with」是介词，后面必须接名词或动名词（V-ing），例如本句中的「protecting」。
It is difficult to balance a demanding career with raising a family.
要在苛求的职业生涯与抚养家庭之间取得平衡是很困难的。
EN： The modal verb 'must' expresses strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb ('find'). In this sentence, 'find ways' is further described by an infinitive phrase ('to balance...'), which acts as an adjective modifying 'ways'.
中文： 情态动词「must」表示强烈的义务或必要性，后面接动词原形（「find」）。在本句中，「find ways」（寻找方法）后面接不定式短语（「to balance...」），作为形容词功能来修饰「ways」（方法）。
EN： The relative clause 'that are made now' uses the relative pronoun 'that' to modify the noun 'The decisions'. It is in the passive voice ('are made') because the decisions are the receiver of the action, not the doer.
中文： 关系从句「that are made now」使用关系代词「that」来修饰名词「The decisions」（决定）。此处使用被动语态（are made），因为「决定」是接受动作的客体，而非执行动作的主体。
The rules that are established today will protect our environment.
今天所建立的规则将会保护我们的环境。
EN： The phrase 'for decades to come' is a common temporal expression meaning 'for many future decades'. The infinitive 'to come' modifies 'decades' to project the time frame into the future.
中文： 短语「for decades to come」是一个常见的时间表达方式，意思是「在未来的数十年里」。不定式「to come」修饰「decades」（数十年），将时间跨度延伸至未来。
This technology will change our lives for years to come.
这项技术将在未来的岁月里改变我们的生活。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in Australian public discourse regarding the balance between rapid technological/economic development (such as the datacentre boom) and long-term environmental sustainability. It highlights the growing awareness that policy decisions made today have profound, multi-generational impacts on the nation's resources.
中文： 這句話反映了澳洲公共輿論中一個常見的主題，即如何在快速的科技與經濟發展（如數據中心熱潮）與長期環境永續性之間取得平衡。它強調了人們日益提高的意識：今天所做的政策決定，將對國家資源產生深遠且跨越數代人的影響。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 基础设施（如道路、电力系统、数据中心等维持社会或企业运作所需的实体设施）
在本文中： 场所、设施（指具有特定用途的建筑物或场所）
在本文中： 投资（投入资金以期获得未来的收益或回报）
在本文中： 被提议的、计划中的
在本文中： 确信的、被说服的
在本文中： 极大的、巨大的
在本文中： 运营的、操作上的（此处指维持设施日常运作的工作）
在本文中： 在…之间取得平衡
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
An economy that is based on digital computing technologies, including the internet, mobile technology, and data.
数字经济
To be obtained or achieved only by sacrificing something of great value or experiencing significant negative consequences.
付出高昂代价
To direct someone's attention to a fact, idea, or circumstance.
指出、提出（事实或意见）
Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.
自然资源