Steve Jobs at Stanford: Connecting the DotsSteve Jobs di Stanford: Menyambung Titik-Titik
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EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the person or thing experiencing the action. Here, 'was adopted' emphasizes the event happening to Steve.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan apabila tumpuan diberikan kepada penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku. Di sini, 'was adopted' menekankan peristiwa yang berlaku kepada Steve.
The lost dog was found by a kind neighbor.
Anjing yang tersesat itu ditemui oleh seorang jiran yang baik hati.
EN: Subordinating Conjunction 'after': Used to connect two clauses and indicate the chronological order of events, where the action in the 'after' clause happens first.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung subordinat 'after': Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa dan menunjukkan urutan masa peristiwa; tindakan dalam klausa 'after' berlaku dahulu.
She went to sleep after she finished her homework.
Dia tidur selepas menyiapkan kerja rumahnya.
EN: In Western cultures, 'open' or 'closed' adoption is a common topic. The phrase 'biological mother' is used to distinguish from 'adoptive mother', reflecting a focus on clarity regarding family origins, which is a significant theme in Steve Jobs' life story.
EN: The Noun Clause in Apposition: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the content of the preceding noun 'promise'. It functions as an appositive, providing specific details about what the promise was.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama dalam aposisi: Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa nama yang menerangkan kandungan khusus kata nama 'promise' (janji) sebelumnya. Ia berfungsi sebagai aposisi, memberikan penjelasan tentang butiran janji tersebut.
There is a rumor that the company will close down.
Terdapat khabar angin bahawa syarikat itu akan muflis.
EN: Future in the Past: The auxiliary verb 'would' is used here to express a future action from the perspective of a point in the past. Since 'made' is in the past tense, 'will' changes to 'would'.
Bahasa Melayu: Masa depan dalam masa lalu: Kata kerja bantu 'would' digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan tindakan yang akan berlaku dari sudut pandang masa lalu. Oleh kerana kata kerja utama 'made' adalah past tense, 'will' perlu ditukar kepada 'would'.
She said she would call me later.
Dia berkata dia akan menelefon saya kemudian.
EN: In American culture, graduating from a university is often seen as a key milestone for social mobility, especially for working-class families like the one Steve was adopted into.
EN: The Past Continuous Tense (was + verb-ing) is used here to describe an ongoing action or a developing situation in the past that provides the background for another event.
Bahasa Melayu: Past continuous (was + kata kerja-ing) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan keadaan yang sedang berlaku atau berterusan pada masa lalu, memberikan latar belakang untuk peristiwa lain.
The heavy rain was flooding the streets, so we stayed home.
Hujan lebat sedang membanjiri jalan-jalan, jadi kami tinggal di rumah.
EN: The phrasal verb 'drop out of' means to stop participating in something, such as a school or a competition, before finishing it.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'drop out of' bermaksud berhenti menyertai sesuatu sebelum selesai, seperti berhenti sekolah atau menarik diri daripada pertandingan.
She had to drop out of the race due to an injury.
Dia terpaksa menarik diri daripada pertandingan kerana kecederaan.
EN: The term 'working-class' highlights the financial struggle many American families face regarding the rising cost of higher education, which is a central theme in Steve Jobs' early life story.
EN: The phrase 'have no idea' is followed by a noun clause (interrogative clause) acting as the object. These clauses use 'wh-' words like 'what' or 'how' but follow statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order.
Bahasa Melayu: 'have no idea' diikuti oleh klausa nama (klausa interogatif) sebagai objek. Klausa ini menggunakan kata tanya seperti what atau how, tetapi mesti menggunakan susunan ayat penyata (subjek + kata kerja), bukan susunan ayat tanya.
She had no idea where she was going.
Pada masa itu, dia langsung tidak tahu ke mana dia hendak pergi.
EN: The phrasal verb 'figure out' means to understand or solve something after thinking about it. When the object is a pronoun like 'it', it must be placed between 'figure' and 'out'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'figure out' bermaksud memahami atau menyelesaikan sesuatu selepas berfikir. Apabila objek ialah kata ganti nama (seperti it), ia mesti diletakkan di antara figure dan out.
This math problem is tough, but I will figure it out.
Soalan matematik ini sukar, tetapi saya akan menyelesaikannya.
EN: This quote is from Steve Jobs' famous 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. It reflects a common 'quarter-life crisis' or period of uncertainty experienced by many university students in Western culture, emphasizing that it is acceptable not to have a clear career path immediately.
EN: The passive voice 'be fascinated by' is used to describe a state of being extremely interested in something. The subject receives the action or feeling.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif 'be fascinated by' digunakan untuk menerangkan keadaan seseorang yang sangat tertarik dengan sesuatu. Subjek ialah penerima emosi tersebut.
She was fascinated by the ancient ruins.
Dia sangat terpukau dengan tinggalan purba tersebut.
EN: The structure 'spend time (in) doing something' indicates the amount of time dedicated to a specific activity. The preposition 'in' is usually omitted.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'spend time (in) doing something' menunjukkan jumlah masa yang diluangkan untuk aktiviti tertentu. Kata sendi 'in' biasanya digugurkan, diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing).
They spent their weekend cleaning the garden.
Mereka menghabiskan sepanjang hujung minggu membersihkan taman.
EN: In Western history, calligraphy often refers to the artistic practice of handwriting and lettering with a pen or brush. For Steve Jobs, this interest in typography later influenced the aesthetic design of personal computers.
EN: The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a clause that expresses a fact that makes the main statement surprising or unexpected. It is a stronger version of 'although'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'even though' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan klausa yang menyatakan konsesi, menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu fakta menjadikan penyataan dalam ayat utama kelihatan mengejutkan atau tidak dijangka. Ia lebih kuat daripada 'although'.
Even though it was raining, they decided to go for a hike.
Walaupun hujan turun, mereka tetap memutuskan untuk mendaki.
EN: The phrase 'at the time' is an adverbial of time used to refer to a specific point in the past that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'at the time' ialah kata adverba masa yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada titik masa tertentu yang telah disebut sebelum ini atau yang boleh difahami daripada konteks.
I didn't have a car at the time, so I took the bus.
Saya tidak mempunyai kereta pada masa itu, jadi saya menaiki bas.
EN: This sentence reflects a common theme in Western biographical narratives, especially regarding innovators like Steve Jobs: the idea that seemingly 'useless' intellectual curiosity can lead to major breakthroughs later in life. It emphasizes the value of liberal arts and aesthetic education alongside technical skills.
EN: The use of 'everything' followed by a relative clause (he knew about...) without a relative pronoun like 'that'. This is a common way to define a specific set of knowledge or objects.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata 'everything' diikuti oleh klausa relatif (he knew about...) tanpa kata ganti relatif 'that'. Ini ialah penggunaan biasa untuk menentukan pengetahuan atau perkara tertentu.
She shared everything she learned during her trip to Japan.
Dia berkongsi segala yang dia pelajari semasa perjalanannya di Jepun.
EN: The past simple tense is used here to describe completed actions in a narrative sequence (designed, included).
Bahasa Melayu: Past simple digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai dalam urutan naratif (direka, disertakan).
He opened the door and walked into the room.
Dia membuka pintu dan masuk ke dalam bilik.
EN: The Macintosh, released in 1984, was revolutionary for being the first personal computer to offer a wide variety of beautiful fonts, inspired by Steve Jobs' interest in calligraphy.
EN: Mixed Conditionals: This structure combines a past condition (If + past perfect) with a present result (would + base verb). It is used to describe how a different action in the past would affect the current situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat bersyarat campuran: Struktur ini menggabungkan andaian masa lalu (If + past perfect) dengan hasil masa kini (would + kata kerja asas). Ia digunakan untuk menerangkan bagaimana tindakan yang berbeza pada masa lalu boleh mempengaruhi keadaan sekarang.
If I had studied harder in school, I would have a better job now.
Jika saya belajar lebih bersungguh-sungguh di sekolah dahulu, saya akan mempunyai pekerjaan yang lebih baik sekarang.
EN: Negative Past Perfect: 'Had not taken' is the negative form of the past perfect tense, used here to hypothesize about an event that actually did happen in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Penafian past perfect: 'Had not taken' ialah bentuk penafian bagi past perfect, digunakan di sini untuk membuat andaian berlawanan dengan fakta tentang perkara yang sebenarnya berlaku pada masa lalu.
If she had not missed the bus, she would be here by now.
Jika dia tidak terlepas bas pada masa itu, dia sudah berada di sini sekarang.
EN: This sentence refers to Steve Jobs' famous 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. He dropped out of Reed College but stayed to audit a calligraphy class, which later influenced the typography of the first Macintosh. It highlights the idea that seemingly 'useless' experiences can become valuable later.
EN: Present Participle Phrase as an Adverbial: 'Looking back' is a reduced clause (When he looked back) used to provide context or timing for the main action. It shares the same subject as the main clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini sebagai adverba: 'Looking back' ialah klausa yang diringkaskan (asalnya When he looked back), digunakan untuk memberikan latar belakang atau titik masa bagi tindakan dalam klausa utama. Subjek logiknya sama dengan subjek klausa utama.
Walking down the street, I met an old friend.
Semasa berjalan di jalan, saya terserempak dengan seorang kawan lama.
EN: Noun Clause with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'believed', expressing the content of his belief.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama dengan 'that': Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa subordinat yang bertindak sebagai objek bagi kata kerja 'believed', digunakan untuk menyatakan apa yang dia percaya.
She believed that hard work would eventually pay off.
Dia percaya bahawa usaha keras akhirnya akan membuahkan hasil.
EN: This sentence reflects a core philosophy of Steve Jobs: the idea of 'connecting the dots.' It suggests that while life may seem random in the moment, there is a purposeful narrative that only becomes clear in hindsight.
EN: The use of 'looking forward/backwards' functions as a participle phrase (reduced adverbial clause), indicating the time or circumstances under which the main action occurs.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'looking forward/backwards' berfungsi sebagai frasa partisipel (klausa adverba yang diringkaskan), digunakan untuk menunjukkan masa atau keadaan berlakunya tindakan dalam klausa utama.
Looking at the map, he realized he was lost.
Sambil melihat peta, dia menyedari bahawa dia tersesat.
EN: The semicolon (;) is used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, often creating a contrast or parallel structure.
Bahasa Melayu: Koma bertitik (;) digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa bebas yang berkait rapat dari segi idea, selalunya untuk mewujudkan kontras atau struktur selari.
Some people prefer tea; others prefer coffee.
Sesetengah orang suka teh; yang lain pula suka kopi.
EN: This is one of the most famous quotes from Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. 'Connecting the dots' has since become a common English idiom meaning to understand the relationship between different events or pieces of information to see the 'big picture'.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: diangkat (anak angkat)
Dalam konteks: biologi; kandung
Dalam konteks: Yuran pengajian
Dalam konteks: terpesona; tertarik
Dalam konteks: kaligrafi; seni tulisan
Dalam konteks: praktikal; berguna
Dalam konteks: tipografi; reka bentuk huruf
Dalam konteks: takdir; nasib
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To stop attending a school or university before you have finished your studies.
Berhenti sekolah, keciciran
To understand or find a solution to something after thinking about it.
Memahami, menyelesaikan masalah, mendapat jalan keluar
To understand the relationship between different ideas or experiences.
Menghubungkan titik-titik, melihat perkaitan antara perkara
The social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.
Kelas pekerja
To think about something that happened in the past.
Melihat ke belakang, mengimbas kembali masa lalu