EN: The present perfect tense ('has demonstrated') is used here to describe an action or state that began in the past and continues to have relevance or effect in the present, often used in news reporting to introduce recent developments.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has demonstrated) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan atau keadaan yang bermula pada masa lampau dan masih relevan atau memberi kesan pada masa kini. Dalam laporan berita, ia sering digunakan untuk memperkenalkan perkembangan terkini.
The country's renewable energy sector has experienced unprecedented investment over the last decade.
Sepanjang dekad yang lalu, sektor tenaga boleh diperbaharui negara itu telah mengalami pelaburan yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini.
EN: The present participle clause ('generating... and consistently outperforming...') acts as an adverbial clause of result or accompaniment, describing the consequences or simultaneous actions of the main clause's verb ('has demonstrated').
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa partisipel kini (generating... and consistently outperforming...) digunakan di sini sebagai klausa adverba yang menunjukkan hasil atau keadaan yang mengiringi, untuk menerangkan hasil atau tindakan serentak yang dibawa oleh kata kerja utama (has demonstrated).
The company expanded its operations, creating hundreds of new jobs and boosting the local economy.
Syarikat itu memperluaskan skala operasinya, mewujudkan ratusan pekerjaan baharu dan merancakkan semula ekonomi tempatan.
EN: The term 'net zero economy' refers to economic activities aligned with the UK's legally binding target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 100% relative to 1990 levels by 2050. This transition has become a central pillar of British industrial strategy and political debate, balancing environmental imperatives against short-term economic adjustments.
EN: The present participle clause ('underscoring...') is used here as an adverbial clause of result, modifying the entire preceding clause. It indicates that the action of supporting higher-paying employment naturally leads to or results in the underscoring of tangible economic benefits.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa partisipel kini (seperti 'underscoring...') digunakan di sini sebagai klausa adverba yang menunjukkan hasil, menerangkan keseluruhan klausa utama sebelumnya. Ia menunjukkan bahawa 'menyediakan pekerjaan bergaji tinggi' secara semula jadi membawa kepada hasil 'menonjolkan manfaat ekonomi yang konkrit'.
The company implemented a four-day workweek, boosting employee productivity and morale.
Syarikat itu melaksanakan sistem kerja empat hari seminggu, yang seterusnya meningkatkan produktiviti dan semangat pekerja.
EN: The comparative adjective 'higher-paying' is a compound modifier formed by an adverb in the comparative degree ('higher') and a present participle ('paying'). It is hyphenated when placed before the noun it modifies ('employment').
Bahasa Melayu: Kata adjektif perbandingan 'higher-paying' ialah kata adjektif majmuk yang dibentuk oleh gabungan kata keterangan perbandingan ('higher') dan partisipel kini ('paying'). Apabila ia diletakkan sebelum kata nama yang diterangkannya ('employment'), tanda semang perlu ditambah.
Investing in technology allows businesses to transition to higher-yielding production methods.
Melabur dalam teknologi boleh membolehkan syarikat beralih kepada kaedah pengeluaran yang lebih menguntungkan.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'than the national average' is a comparative structure where 'the national average' acts as the standard of comparison. The noun phrase 'national average' is commonly used in economic and social contexts to benchmark data.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi 'than the national average' ialah struktur perbandingan di mana 'the national average' (purata nasional) berfungsi sebagai asas perbandingan. Frasa nama 'national average' sering digunakan dalam konteks ekonomi dan sosial untuk membuat perbandingan data.
The region's unemployment rate is significantly lower than the national average.
Kadar pengangguran di rantau itu jauh lebih rendah daripada purata nasional.
EN: The past participle phrase 'widely regarded as...' is used as a non-restrictive appositive modifier, set off by commas, to provide additional, non-essential background information about the subject 'Andy Burnham'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'widely regarded as...' (yang dianggap secara meluas sebagai...) digunakan di sini sebagai penerang appositif tidak menyekat, dipisahkan dengan koma, untuk memberikan maklumat latar belakang tambahan yang tidak penting tentang subjek 'Andy Burnham'.
The novel, widely regarded as a masterpiece of modern literature, has been translated into thirty languages.
Novel ini, yang dianggap secara meluas sebagai karya agung sastera moden, telah diterjemahkan ke dalam tiga puluh bahasa.
EN: The noun 'pressure' is followed by the prepositional phrase 'from certain quarters' and an infinitive phrase 'to abandon...' which functions adjectivally to specify the content or goal of the pressure.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata nama 'pressure' (tekanan) diikuti oleh frasa sendi nama 'from certain quarters' (dari bidang tertentu) dan frasa infinitif 'to abandon...' (untuk meninggalkan...), yang berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif untuk menjelaskan kandungan atau sasaran tekanan tersebut.
The board is facing intense pressure from shareholders to improve financial transparency.
Lembaga pengarah sedang menghadapi tekanan kuat daripada pemegang saham untuk meningkatkan ketelusan kewangan.
EN: The word 'mounting' is a present participle used as an attributive adjective meaning 'gradually increasing' or 'growing', typically collocating with abstract nouns representing negative concepts like pressure, tension, or debt.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'mounting' ialah partisipel kini yang digunakan sebagai kata adjektif atributif, bermaksud 'yang semakin meningkat' atau 'yang semakin bertambah', dan biasanya digabungkan dengan kata nama abstrak yang mewakili konsep negatif seperti tekanan, ketegangan, atau hutang.
There is mounting concern over the economic impact of the new trade tariffs.
Kebimbangan terhadap kesan ekonomi daripada tarif perdagangan baharu semakin meningkat.
EN: Andy Burnham is a prominent British Labour Party politician serving as the Mayor of Greater Manchester. Often discussed in UK national media as a potential future leader of the Labour Party (and thus a 'prospective prime minister'), his positioning on national policies like 'net zero' carbon emissions highlights the internal debates within the Labour coalition between industrial/union job protection and progressive environmental targets.
EN: The verb 'characterise' (or 'characterize') is commonly used with the pattern 'characterise someone/something as something' to describe or define the character or quality of that person or thing in a particular way.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'characterise' (atau ditulis sebagai characterize) sering digunakan dalam pola 'characterise someone/something as something' untuk menggambarkan, mencirikan, atau menerangkan seseorang atau sesuatu sebagai memiliki sifat atau identiti tertentu.
The media characterised the new policy as a desperate attempt to win votes.
Media menggambarkan dasar baharu itu sebagai usaha terakhir untuk meraih undi.
EN: The noun 'hindrance' is often followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate the obstacle or barrier to a particular action, process, or goal.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata nama 'hindrance' (halangan, rintangan) sering diikuti oleh kata sendi 'to' untuk menunjukkan halangan atau rintangan terhadap tindakan, proses, atau matlamat tertentu.
A lack of funding can be a major hindrance to scientific research.
Kekurangan dana mungkin menjadi halangan utama kepada penyelidikan saintifik.
EN: The temporal conjunction 'when' is used here to introduce a subordinate adverbial clause of time, indicating that the intensification of the controversy was triggered by the specific action of Sharon Graham.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung masa 'when' digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan klausa adverba masa, menunjukkan masa dan punca kontroversi itu memuncak, iaitu ketika Sharon Graham membuat dakwaan tersebut.
The situation deteriorated when negotiations broke down completely.
Keadaan menjadi lebih buruk apabila rundingan gagal sepenuhnya.
EN: This sentence reflects the ongoing tension within the UK's political and labor landscape. 'Unite' is one of the largest trade unions in the UK, traditionally allied with the Labour Party. However, tension arises when union leaders like Sharon Graham prioritize immediate job security in traditional sectors (like oil and gas) over the rapid transition to green energy championed by figures like Energy Secretary Ed Miliband, illustrating the complex balance between environmental policy and labor interests.
EN: The structure 'strike someone as something' is used to describe a first impression or a strong opinion formed about someone or something. It is often used with adjectives (e.g., 'struck me as odd') or nouns (e.g., 'struck me as a genius').
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'strike someone as something' digunakan untuk menggambarkan kesan pertama atau pandangan yang kuat terhadap seseorang atau sesuatu. Ia biasanya diikuti oleh kata adjektif (contohnya, 'struck me as odd', bermaksud 'menyebabkan saya berasa pelik') atau kata nama (contohnya, 'struck me as a genius', bermaksud 'menyebabkan saya merasakan dia seorang genius').
His sudden decision to resign struck many of his colleagues as highly suspicious.
Keputusan mengejutnya untuk meletakkan jawatan kelihatan sangat mencurigakan kepada ramai rakan sekerjanya.
EN: 'Given that' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a fact or circumstance that is taken into account. It is synonymous with 'considering that' or 'in view of the fact that' and is highly common in formal and academic registers.
Bahasa Melayu: 'Given that' ialah kata hubung subordinat yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan fakta atau keadaan objektif yang telah diambil kira. Ia sinonim dengan 'considering that' atau 'in view of the fact that', dan sangat lazim dalam wacana formal dan akademik.
Given that the company has limited resources, this project is remarkably ambitious.
Memandangkan sumber syarikat itu terhad, projek ini kelihatan sangat bercita-cita tinggi.
EN: The past perfect tense ('had overseen') is used here to indicate an action that was completed before another action in the past (the assertion striking observers as paradoxical). It establishes a clear chronological sequence of events.
Bahasa Melayu: Di sini, kala lampau sempurna ('had overseen') digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain pada masa lampau (iaitu kenyataan yang menyebabkan pemerhati berasa keliru). Ini mewujudkan urutan masa yang jelas antara peristiwa.
By the time the new CEO took over, the previous management had already initiated the restructuring.
Sebelum ketua pegawai eksekutif baharu mengambil alih, pihak pengurusan terdahulu telah pun memulakan penyusunan semula.
EN: The sentence touches on the internal tensions within the British political landscape regarding the 'net zero' transition. Sharon Graham, leader of the Unite union (one of the UK's largest trade unions), represents industrial workers who fear job losses in traditional energy sectors. Conversely, Ed Miliband, the Energy Secretary from the Labour Party, champions green energy expansion. This clash highlights the delicate balance between environmental policy and labor market stability in contemporary British politics.
EN: The idiom 'generate more heat than light' is used to describe a discussion, debate, or argument that causes a lot of anger, excitement, or passion (heat) but does not provide any useful information, understanding, or clarity (light).
Bahasa Melayu: Peribahasa 'generate more heat than light' (menghasilkan lebih banyak haba daripada cahaya) digunakan untuk menerangkan perbincangan, perdebatan, atau kontroversi yang menimbulkan banyak kemarahan, keterujaan, atau emosi (haba) tetapi tidak memberikan maklumat, pemahaman, atau penjelasan yang berguna (cahaya), iaitu 'menimbulkan lebih banyak perpecahan daripada menjelaskan fakta' atau 'hanya menimbulkan kegaduhan tanpa membantu pemahaman'.
The televised debate between the candidates generated more heat than light, leaving voters more confused than before.
Perdebatan televisyen antara calon-calon itu hanya menimbulkan kegaduhan tanpa membantu pemahaman, menyebabkan pengundi lebih keliru daripada sebelumnya.
EN: Parenthetical insertion (or parenthetical expression) is a stylistic device where a comment or explanation (here, 'critics have argued') is inserted into the middle of a sentence. It is set off by commas and temporarily interrupts the flow of the sentence without changing its grammatical structure.
Bahasa Melayu: Aposisi (atau ungkapan kurungan) ialah teknik gaya yang memasukkan ulasan atau penjelasan (di sini 'critics have argued') di tengah-tengah ayat. Ia dipisahkan dengan koma, mengganggu aliran ayat buat sementara waktu, tetapi tidak mengubah struktur tatabahasanya, dan sering digunakan dalam laporan berita untuk menunjukkan sumber maklumat atau pihak yang menyuarakan pendapat.
The new policy, experts believe, will significantly reduce carbon emissions over the next decade.
Pakar berpendapat bahawa dasar baharu itu akan mengurangkan pelepasan karbon dengan ketara dalam tempoh sepuluh tahun akan datang.
EN: The correlative construction 'rather than' is used to express preference or to contrast two ideas, meaning 'instead of'. In this sentence, it contrasts 'evidence-based reasoning' (the preferred approach) with 'ideological posturing' (the rejected approach).
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur korelatif 'rather than' digunakan untuk menyatakan keutamaan atau membandingkan dua konsep, bermaksud 'bukan' atau 'dan bukan'. Dalam ayat ini, ia membandingkan 'pemikiran rasional berdasarkan bukti' (cara yang diingini) dengan 'penyataan ideologi' (cara yang ditolak).
We should focus on finding practical solutions rather than assigning blame.
Kita harus fokus pada mencari penyelesaian praktikal, bukan menyalahkan pihak lain.
EN: The phrase 'more heat than light' is a famous English idiom attributed to various historical figures, including Jonathan Swift and Benjamin Franklin. It is highly common in political journalism and academic discourse to criticize debates that are emotionally charged but intellectually unproductive. Additionally, 'ideological posturing' refers to a common criticism in modern democratic politics, where politicians are accused of adopting rigid, dogmatic stances to please their base rather than engaging in pragmatic, evidence-based policymaking.
EN: The use of the gerund phrase 'abandoning net zero targets' as the subject of the noun clause introduced by 'that'. Gerunds (-ing forms) function as nouns and can take their own objects ('net zero targets') while acting as the subject of a verb ('would yield').
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa gerund 'abandoning net zero targets' (meninggalkan sasaran sifar bersih) digunakan sebagai subjek dalam klausa kata nama yang diperkenalkan oleh 'that'. Gerund (bentuk -ing) berfungsi sebagai kata nama, boleh menerima objek sendiri ('net zero targets'), dan pada masa yang sama berfungsi sebagai subjek bagi kata kerja ('would yield').
Implementing stricter regulations would reduce carbon emissions significantly.
Melaksanakan peraturan yang lebih ketat akan mengurangkan pelepasan karbon dengan ketara.
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used here to contrast two simultaneous effects or situations, meaning 'at the same time as' or 'although'. It is followed by a present participle ('inflicting') to form a reduced adverbial clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'while' digunakan di sini untuk membandingkan dua kesan atau keadaan yang berlaku serentak, bermaksud 'sementara' atau 'walaupun'. Ia diikuti oleh partisipel kini ('inflicting') untuk membentuk klausa adverba yang diringkaskan.
The new policy boosted economic growth while temporarily increasing inflation.
Dasar baharu itu merangsang pertumbuhan ekonomi, sementara pada masa yang sama meningkatkan inflasi buat sementara waktu.
EN: The modal verb 'would' is used to express a conditional or hypothetical outcome in the future, projecting the potential results of an action (abandoning targets) that has not yet occurred.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal 'would' digunakan untuk menyatakan hasil bersyarat atau hipotetikal pada masa hadapan, meramalkan akibat yang mungkin berlaku daripada tindakan yang belum berlaku (meninggalkan sasaran).
Lowering taxes would stimulate consumer spending but might increase the national debt.
Mengurangkan cukai akan merangsang perbelanjaan pengguna, tetapi mungkin meningkatkan hutang negara.
EN: 'More in Common' is a registered charity and research organization founded in the UK after the murder of MP Jo Cox in 2016. Its mission is to understand and counter social division and polarization. In British politics, 'net zero' refers to the legally binding commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050. The debate over its implementation often centers on balancing environmental responsibility with economic costs and electoral appeal.
EN: Apposition (Noun Phrase in Apposition): 'the organisation's executive director' is a noun phrase placed next to 'Luke Tryl' to identify or explain it. In English, non-restrictive appositives are set off by commas and provide non-essential but helpful background information.
Bahasa Melayu: Aposisi (Frasa Nama dalam Aposisi): 'the organisation's executive director' ialah frasa nama yang diletakkan di sebelah 'Luke Tryl' untuk mengenal pasti atau menjelaskan identiti orang tersebut. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, aposisi yang tidak menyekat perlu dipisahkan dengan koma, memberikan maklumat latar yang tidak penting tetapi membantu pemahaman.
Dr. Aris, the university's leading researcher, published a groundbreaking study on renewable energy.
Ketua penyelidik universiti, Dr. Aris, menerbitkan kajian terobosan tentang tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
EN: The verb 'serve as' is used to describe the function or role of a person or thing, meaning 'to act as' or 'to play the part of'. It is often followed by a noun phrase representing a role, function, or status.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kata kerja 'serve as' digunakan untuk menerangkan fungsi atau peranan seseorang atau sesuatu, bermaksud 'berfungsi sebagai' atau 'memainkan peranan sebagai'. Ia biasanya diikuti oleh frasa nama yang menunjukkan peranan, fungsi, atau identiti.
The old lighthouse serves as a museum and a historical landmark.
Rumah api lama itu kini berfungsi sebagai muzium dan mercu tanda bersejarah.
EN: The construction 'one of the + plural noun' is used to single out one element from a specific group. It must always be followed by a plural noun (e.g., 'principles'), even though the overall subject of the clause remains singular ('one').
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'one of the + kata nama jamak' digunakan untuk memilih satu elemen daripada kumpulan tertentu. Ia mesti diikuti oleh kata nama jamak (contoh 'principles'), walaupun subjek keseluruhan klausa masih tunggal ('one').
This is one of the most challenging projects we have ever undertaken.
Ini adalah salah satu projek yang paling mencabar yang pernah kami tangani.
EN: This sentence refers to the internal dynamics of the UK's Labour Party. The 'diverse coalition' highlights that political parties in the UK, especially major ones like Labour, are not monolithic but consist of various factions (ranging from democratic socialists to centrists) that must be held together by shared key policies, such as the commitment to green energy and 'net zero' targets.
EN: This sentence uses an inverted second conditional structure ('Were + subject + to-infinitive') to express a highly improbable or hypothetical future situation. This inversion replaces 'If' and is characteristic of formal, literary, or journalistic English.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur bersyarat kedua yang diterbalikkan ('Were + subjek + infinitif') untuk menyatakan keadaan masa depan yang sangat tidak mungkin atau hipotetikal. Struktur terbalik ini menggantikan 'If', dan merupakan ciri bahasa Inggeris formal, sastera, atau berita.
Were the government to raise taxes now, it would face widespread public anger.
Sekiranya kerajaan menaikkan cukai sekarang, ia akan menghadapi kemarahan orang ramai yang meluas.
EN: The verb 'risk' is followed directly by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing the action that is being risked. Using an infinitive (to risk to do) is incorrect in this context.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'risk' (berisiko) diikuti secara langsung oleh gerund (kata kerja -ing) apabila menyatakan tindakan yang berisiko. Dalam konteks ini, penggunaan infinitif (to risk to do) adalah tidak betul.
By speaking out, she risked losing her job.
Dengan bersuara secara terbuka, dia mengambil risiko kehilangan pekerjaannya.
EN: The noun 'championing' is a gerund used as a noun, meaning the act of vigorously supporting or defending a cause. It is often pre-modified by adjectives (like 'longstanding') and followed by 'of' to indicate the object of support.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata nama 'championing' ialah gerund yang digunakan sebagai kata nama, bermaksud tindakan menyokong atau mempertahankan sesuatu perkara dengan kuat. Ia biasanya didahului oleh kata adjektif (seperti 'longstanding' yang telah lama) dan diikuti oleh 'of' untuk menunjukkan perkara yang disokong.
Her championing of human rights earned her international recognition.
Keadvokasiannya yang giat terhadap hak asasi manusia telah memenangkan pengiktirafan antarabangsa untuknya.
EN: In British politics, 'Labour' (the Labour Party) traditionally balances its working-class industrial base with progressive environmental policies. 'Andy Burnham', the Mayor of Greater Manchester and a prominent Labour figure, often navigates these tensions. The phrase 'across the political spectrum' highlights how environmental issues in the UK have supporters and detractors in both left-wing and right-wing parties, making policy shifts highly sensitive.
EN: The noun phrase 'the case for [doing something]' is a common academic and journalistic structure used to present arguments or reasons in favor of a particular action or policy.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa nama "the case for [doing something]" (alasan untuk menyokong sesuatu/melakukan sesuatu) ialah struktur yang biasa digunakan dalam penulisan akademik dan laporan berita untuk mengemukakan hujah atau alasan yang menyokong tindakan atau dasar tertentu.
The report presents a compelling case for investing in renewable energy infrastructure.
Laporan itu mengemukakan alasan yang meyakinkan untuk melabur dalam infrastruktur tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
EN: The preposition 'on' is used here to mean 'concerning' or 'regarding' a specific topic (environmental policy), which is a formal register choice typical of political and policy discussions.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi "on" digunakan di sini untuk bermaksud "mengenai" atau "berkaitan dengan" topik tertentu (dasar alam sekitar), yang merupakan cara ungkapan formal yang biasa dalam perbincangan politik dan dasar.
The government has yet to clarify its position on carbon taxation.
Kerajaan belum menjelaskan pendiriannya mengenai cukai karbon.
EN: In British political discourse, 'the case for [policy]' is a standard rhetorical device used by think tanks, politicians, and journalists to frame debates around evidence-based policy rather than purely ideological arguments.
EN: The phrase 'according to' is a prepositional phrase used to attribute information to a source, such as surveys, experts, or documents. It is typically placed at the beginning or the end of a sentence to establish credibility.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi 'according to' (menurut) digunakan untuk mengaitkan maklumat kepada sumber tertentu (seperti kajian, pakar, atau dokumen). Ia biasanya diletakkan pada awal atau akhir ayat untuk mewujudkan kredibiliti maklumat.
According to the latest report, global temperatures are rising faster than expected.
Menurut laporan terkini, suhu global meningkat lebih cepat daripada yang dijangkakan.
EN: When a percentage or fraction (e.g., 'sixty percent of...') is followed by a collective noun like 'public', the verb agreement can be singular or plural depending on whether the public is viewed as a single unit or as individuals. In British English, collective nouns often take a plural verb, but in this context, 'supports' (singular) treats 'the British public' as a single collective entity.
Bahasa Melayu: Apabila peratusan atau pecahan (contohnya, 'sixty percent of...') diikuti oleh kata nama kolektif seperti 'public' (orang ramai), keselarasan kata kerja tunggal atau jamak bergantung pada sama ada orang ramai itu dianggap sebagai satu keseluruhan atau individu. Dalam bahasa Inggeris British, kata nama kolektif sering mengambil kata kerja jamak, tetapi dalam ayat ini, 'supports' (tunggal) menganggap 'orang ramai British' sebagai satu konsep kolektif tunggal.
More than fifty percent of the population supports the new policy.
Lebih daripada lima puluh peratus daripada penduduk menyokong dasar baharu itu.
EN: The word 'broader' is the comparative form of the adjective 'broad'. In this context, it is used to describe climate actions that go beyond just 'net zero' to encompass a wider, more comprehensive range of environmental initiatives.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'broader' ialah bentuk perbandingan bagi kata adjektif 'broad' (luas). Dalam konteks ini, ia digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan iklim yang melampaui sekadar 'net zero' untuk merangkumi inisiatif alam sekitar yang lebih luas dan menyeluruh.
We need a broader discussion on the economic impacts of renewable energy.
Kita perlu mengadakan perbincangan yang lebih luas tentang kesan ekonomi tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
EN: In the UK, 'net zero' refers to the legally binding target to reduce the country's greenhouse gas emissions by 100% relative to 1990 levels by 2050. This policy is a central pillar of British political debate, with strong consensus among the general public, though it occasionally faces political friction regarding the speed and cost of transition.
EN: The preposition 'notwithstanding' is used to express contrast, meaning 'in spite of' or 'despite'. It is highly formal and can be placed either before or after the noun phrase it modifies.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'notwithstanding' digunakan untuk menunjukkan kontras, bermaksud 'walaupun' atau 'meskipun'. Ini ialah penggunaan yang sangat formal dan boleh diletakkan sebelum atau selepas frasa nama yang diterangkannya.
Notwithstanding the economic downturn, the company reported record profits this quarter.
Walaupun kemelesetan ekonomi, syarikat itu mencatatkan keuntungan tertinggi sepanjang sejarah pada suku ini.
EN: The adverb 'remarkably' is used as a sentence modifier (or comment adverb) at the beginning of a sentence to express the speaker's attitude or surprise toward the entire statement that follows.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba 'remarkably' digunakan pada awal ayat sebagai penerang ayat (atau adverba ulasan), untuk menyatakan sikap atau kejutan penutur terhadap keseluruhan kenyataan yang berikut, bermaksud 'yang perlu diberi perhatian' atau 'secara menakjubkan'.
Remarkably, none of the passengers were injured in the severe accident.
Secara menakjubkan, tiada seorang pun penumpang yang cedera dalam kemalangan serius ini.
EN: Fractions such as 'a third of' followed by a plural countable noun ('voters') take a plural verb ('endorse') to maintain subject-verb agreement.
Bahasa Melayu: Ungkapan pecahan (seperti 'a third of') yang diikuti oleh kata nama boleh dikira jamak (seperti 'voters') memerlukan kata kerja dalam bentuk jamak (seperti 'endorse') untuk mengekalkan keselarasan antara subjek dan kata kerja.
Approximately two-thirds of the employees support the new flexible working policy.
Kira-kira dua pertiga daripada pekerja menyokong dasar kerja fleksibel yang baharu.
EN: The Reform party (Reform UK) is a right-wing populist political party in Britain, known for its strong opposition to the UK's net zero climate commitments, which its leaders Nigel Farage and Richard Tice frequently criticize as economically damaging. The fact that a third of their voters still support the net zero target highlights a significant nuance in public opinion, showing that climate action has broad support even among politically conservative or populist demographics.
EN: The metaphorical use of 'spectrum' (often 'political spectrum') is used to describe a range of different opinions, beliefs, or political positions. 'At the opposite end of the spectrum' is an advanced transitional phrase used to contrast two extreme opposing views or groups.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan metafora 'spectrum' (spektrum, biasanya merujuk kepada spektrum politik) digunakan untuk menerangkan pelbagai pendapat, kepercayaan, atau pendirian politik yang berbeza. 'At the opposite end of the spectrum' (di hujung spektrum yang bertentangan) ialah frasa peralihan peringkat tinggi yang digunakan untuk membandingkan dua pandangan atau kumpulan yang bertentangan secara ekstrem.
While some shareholders demanded immediate cost-cutting, those at the opposite end of the spectrum advocated for increased long-term R&D investment.
Walaupun sesetengah pemegang saham menuntut pemotongan kos segera, pemegang saham di hujung spektrum yang bertentangan pula menuntut peningkatan pelaburan dalam penyelidikan dan pembangunan jangka panjang.
EN: The verb 'haemorrhage' (literally meaning to lose a large amount of blood) is used metaphorically in political and business contexts to describe a rapid, severe, and seemingly uncontrollable loss of assets, resources, or, in this case, votes.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'haemorrhage' (secara literal bermaksud kehilangan banyak darah) digunakan secara metafora dalam konteks politik dan perniagaan untuk menerangkan kehilangan aset, sumber, atau (seperti dalam ayat ini) undi dengan cepat dan tidak terkawal.
The tech giant began to haemorrhage top-tier talent to smaller, more agile startups.
Gergasi teknologi itu mula kehilangan bakat utama kepada syarikat permulaan yang lebih kecil dan lebih dinamik.
EN: The prefix 'pro-' is combined with a noun ('climate') to form a compound adjective ('pro-climate'), meaning supporting or in favor of that concept. It is often hyphenated when forming novel or specific political descriptors.
Bahasa Melayu: Awalan 'pro-' digabungkan dengan kata nama (seperti 'climate') untuk membentuk kata adjektif majmuk (seperti 'pro-climate'), yang menunjukkan sokongan atau persetujuan terhadap konsep tersebut. Dalam membina istilah politik yang baharu atau khusus, tanda sempang biasanya ditambah.
The administration's pro-growth policies were welcomed by the business community.
Dasar kerajaan yang menyokong pertumbuhan itu telah disambut baik oleh sektor perniagaan.
EN: This sentence reflects the complex dynamics of British politics. 'Labour' refers to the centre-left Labour Party, which historically balances industrial/union interests with environmental policies. The 'Green Party' and 'Liberal Democrats' represent parties with strong, explicit pro-climate platforms. In local elections, voters often feel more comfortable casting 'protest votes' or switching allegiance to smaller parties like the Greens to signal dissatisfaction with the major parties' climate ambitions.
EN: The gerund 'retreating' is used as the object of the preposition 'from'. In English, prepositions must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (verb-ing) to function as the object of the preposition.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund "retreating" di sini digunakan sebagai objek bagi preposisi "from". Dalam bahasa Inggeris, selepas preposisi, kita mesti menggunakan kata nama, kata ganti nama, atau gerund (kata kerja + -ing) sebagai objek preposisi tersebut.
She is dedicated to improving her language skills.
Dia komited untuk meningkatkan kemahiran bahasanya.
EN: The phrasal prepositional verb 'extend beyond' is used metaphorically to indicate that the effects, scope, or influence of something go far past a certain limit or specific area.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja preposisi frasa "extend beyond" digunakan secara metafora di sini untuk menunjukkan bahawa pengaruh, skop, atau kesan sesuatu melampaui had atau bidang tertentu dengan jauh.
The consequences of the new policy extend beyond economic metrics.
Kesan dasar baharu itu melampaui skop penunjuk ekonomi dengan jauh.
EN: The adverb 'well' is used as an intensifier before the preposition 'beyond' to emphasize the significant degree or distance of the extension.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba "well" digunakan di sini sebagai kata penguat sebelum preposisi "beyond" untuk menekankan bahawa tahap atau jarak lanjutan itu sangat ketara (bersamaan dengan "jauh sekali").
The cost of the project was well above the original budget.
Kos projek itu jauh lebih tinggi daripada belanjawan asal.
EN: In British political discourse, 'net zero' refers to the legally binding target to reduce the UK's greenhouse gas emissions by 100% relative to 1990 levels by 2050. The debate often balances long-term environmental commitments against short-term 'electoral calculations'—the immediate political gains or losses in upcoming elections.
EN: This sentence uses an inverted first conditional structure (or a formal/hypothetical conditional) where 'Should' replaces 'If' and triggers subject-auxiliary inversion. The structure is 'Should + subject + bare infinitive'. It is highly formal and used to express a possible but less likely future scenario.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur ayat bersyarat jenis pertama yang diterbalikkan (atau ayat bersyarat formal/hipotetikal), di mana "Should" menggantikan "If" dan menyebabkan penyongsangan subjek dengan kata bantu. Strukturnya ialah "Should + subjek + kata kerja bentuk dasar". Penggunaan ini sangat formal dan digunakan untuk menunjukkan kemungkinan yang wujud tetapi berkemungkinan rendah pada masa hadapan.
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our office.
Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan lanjut, sila hubungi pejabat kami pada bila-bila masa.
EN: The relative clause 'that has become a cornerstone of British economic renewal' uses the present perfect tense ('has become') to describe a state or action that started in the past and continues to be true and relevant in the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif "that has become a cornerstone of British economic renewal" menggunakan present perfect tense ("has become") untuk menerangkan keadaan atau tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan masih benar serta relevan pada masa kini.
He has invested in a technology that has become the industry standard.
Dia melabur dalam teknologi yang telah menjadi piawaian industri.
EN: The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a tentative or hypothetical possibility in the future, indicating that the undermining of investor confidence is a potential consequence rather than a certainty.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal "could" digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan kemungkinan tentatif atau hipotetikal pada masa hadapan, menunjukkan bahawa melemahkan keyakinan pelabur adalah akibat yang berpotensi, bukan fakta yang pasti berlaku.
A sudden change in policy could disrupt the entire supply chain.
Perubahan dasar secara mengejut boleh mengganggu keseluruhan rantaian bekalan.
EN: The sentence touches upon the ongoing political debate in Britain regarding 'net zero' climate commitments. In British politics, environmental policy has become a key battleground for economic strategy. The term 'prime minister' refers to the head of the UK government, and 'British economic renewal' reflects the post-Brexit and post-pandemic national discourse on rebuilding the economy through green technology and sustainable industries.
EN: The verb 'caution' is a reporting verb that can take a 'that'-clause as its direct object to express a warning or a piece of advice. It is more formal and carries a stronger sense of potential negative consequences than 'say' or 'state'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'caution' (memberi amaran/mengingatkan) ialah kata kerja pelapor yang boleh diikuti oleh klausa 'that' sebagai objek langsung, untuk menyampaikan amaran atau nasihat. Ia lebih formal daripada 'say' atau 'state', dan membawa implikasi akibat negatif yang lebih kuat.
Economists have cautioned that raising interest rates too quickly could trigger a recession.
Ahli ekonomi memberi amaran bahawa menaikkan kadar faedah terlalu cepat boleh mencetuskan kemelesetan ekonomi.
EN: The modal verb 'would' is used here to express a hypothetical consequence of a potential future action (the 'perceived wavering'). It indicates what the result would be if the condition (wavering) were to occur.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal 'would' digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan akibat hipotetikal daripada tindakan masa depan yang berpotensi ('pergoyangan yang dirasakan'). Ia menunjukkan apa yang akan berlaku jika keadaan (pergoyangan) itu berlaku.
Any delay in the negotiations would jeopardize the entire merger.
Sebarang kelewatan dalam rundingan akan menjejaskan keseluruhan penggabungan itu.
EN: The use of the present participle 'destabilising' (or 'destabilizing') as an adjective modifying the noun 'signal'. Participles function as adjectives to describe the effect or characteristic of the noun they precede.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel kini 'destabilising' (yang menyebabkan ketidakstabilan) digunakan di sini sebagai kata adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama 'signal' (isyarat). Partisipel sebagai kata adjektif digunakan untuk menerangkan kesan atau ciri kata nama yang diterangkannya.
The sudden policy shift had a destabilising effect on local businesses.
Perubahan dasar yang mengejutkan itu mempunyai kesan yang tidak stabil terhadap perniagaan tempatan.
EN: Negative inversion with 'Not only... but also...'. When 'not only' is placed at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis, the subject and the auxiliary verb (in this case, the modal verb 'would') are inverted.
Bahasa Melayu: Pembalikan negatif dengan 'Not only... but also...'. Apabila 'not only' diletakkan pada awal ayat untuk menekankan, subjek dan kata kerja bantu (dalam kes ini kata kerja modal 'would') perlu diterbalikkan.
Not only did he complete the project ahead of schedule, but he also saved the company thousands of dollars.
Dia bukan sahaja menyiapkan projek itu lebih awal, tetapi juga menjimatkan beribu-ribu dolar untuk syarikat.
EN: The use of the modal verb 'would' to express hypothetical consequences or future-in-the-past scenarios, reflecting potential outcomes of a proposed action (the 'reversal').
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan kata kerja modal 'would' untuk menyatakan akibat hipotetikal atau masa depan dalam masa lampau, mencerminkan potensi hasil daripada tindakan yang dicadangkan (iaitu 'berundur').
Such a policy would lead to widespread dissatisfaction among the workforce.
Dasar seperti itu akan menyebabkan ketidakpuasan yang meluas di kalangan pekerja.
EN: Present participle clause ('demanding...') acting as an adjective to modify the preceding noun phrase ('the overwhelming scientific evidence'). It is a reduced relative clause (which demands / that demands).
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa partisipel kini ('demanding...') berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif untuk menerangkan frasa nama sebelumnya ('the overwhelming scientific evidence'). Ini ialah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (asalnya 'which demands' atau 'that demands').
We received a letter demanding immediate payment.
Kami menerima surat yang menuntut pembayaran segera.
EN: The sentence reflects the ongoing political and economic debate in Britain regarding 'net zero' climate targets. While environmental policies are seen as drivers for green jobs and economic renewal, they also face political pushback due to fears of job losses in traditional sectors and the cost of transition, making it a highly polarized issue.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: nyata, konkrit, jelas kelihatan
Dalam konteks: bakal, berpotensi, diharapkan
Dalam konteks: provokatif, menghasut, menimbulkan kontroversi
Dalam konteks: bercanggah dengan diri sendiri, kelihatan paradoks tetapi sebenarnya benar
Dalam konteks: retorik, kata-kata kosong, ucapan yang menghasut
Dalam konteks: berlagak, berpura-pura, menunjuk-nunjuk
Dalam konteks: menyebabkan (kecederaan, kerosakan, dll.), mengenakan
Dalam konteks: menjauhkan, menyebabkan rasa terasing, menimbulkan rasa tidak suka
Dalam konteks: serangan hebat, kecaman keras
Dalam konteks: kehilangan banyak, pendarahan teruk (di sini merujuk kepada kehilangan undi yang teruk)
Dalam konteks: memansuhkan, merobohkan, membubarkan
Dalam konteks: membahayakan, meletakkan dalam keadaan berbahaya
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
A state in which the greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere are balanced by removal out of the atmosphere.
Sifar bersih (pelepasan karbon)
To cause a lot of anger, excitement, or argument without providing any useful information, clarity, or understanding.
Hanya menimbulkan kemarahan dan pertengkaran tanpa membantu menyelesaikan masalah (menghasilkan lebih banyak haba daripada cahaya)
The range of political positions or opinions that exist from the extreme left to the extreme right.
Spektrum politik
The level of trust and optimism that investors have in the stability and growth potential of a market or economy.
Keyakinan pelabur