Hayao Miyazaki: The Boy Who Drew WorldsHayao Miyazaki: Budak Lelaki yang Melukis Dunia
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EN: The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used here with 'born'. In English, we always use the passive form 'was/were born' to describe the event of someone's birth because the person is the receiver of the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif (be + partisipel lampau) digunakan di sini dengan 'born'. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, kita sentiasa menggunakan bentuk pasif 'was/were born' untuk menerangkan kelahiran kerana orang yang dilahirkan adalah penerima tindakan.
She was born in a small village in 1995.
Dia dilahirkan pada tahun 1995 di sebuah kampung kecil.
EN: Prepositional Phrases for Time and Place: 'In' is used for large locations (Tokyo) and specific years (1941), while 'during' indicates a period of time within which an event occurs.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Sendi untuk Masa dan Tempat: 'In' digunakan untuk lokasi besar (Tokyo) dan tahun tertentu (1941), manakala 'during' menunjukkan tempoh tertentu sesuatu berlaku.
He lived in London during the summer.
Dia tinggal di London pada musim panas.
EN: The year 1941 marks a significant period in history as Japan was deeply involved in World War II. This historical context is crucial for understanding the themes of pacifism and the consequences of war often found in Miyazaki's later works.
EN: The sentence uses a relative clause starting with 'that' to provide more information about the noun 'business'. This is a defining relative clause, which identifies exactly what kind of business it was.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan klausa relatif yang bermula dengan 'that' untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama 'business' (perniagaan). Ini adalah penggunaan restriktif untuk menjelaskan sifat atau jenis perniagaan tersebut.
They live in a house that has a red roof.
Mereka tinggal di sebuah rumah yang mempunyai bumbung merah.
EN: The past simple tense ('owned', 'made') is used here to describe completed actions or states in the past, specifically referring to Miyazaki's childhood context.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau mudah ('owned', 'made') digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan atau keadaan yang telah selesai pada masa lalu, khususnya merujuk kepada latar belakang zaman kanak-kanak Hayao Miyazaki.
She worked for a company that produced organic food.
Dia pernah bekerja di sebuah syarikat yang menghasilkan makanan organik.
EN: The business mentioned was 'Miyazaki Airplane,' owned by Hayao Miyazaki's father. This personal history explains why airplanes and flight are recurring themes in Ghibli films like 'Porco Rosso' and 'The Wind Rises.'
EN: The phrase 'As a young boy' functions as a prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial of time. 'As' here means 'at the time when he was'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "As a young boy" berfungsi sebagai frasa sendi yang bertindak sebagai keterangan masa. 'As' di sini bermaksud "semasa dia...".
As a student, she spent most of her time in the library.
Semasa dia menjadi pelajar, dia menghabiskan sebahagian besar masanya di perpustakaan.
EN: The past participle 'bombed' is used as an adjective to describe the noun 'cities', indicating that the action of bombing happened to the cities (passive meaning).
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau "bombed" digunakan sebagai adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama "cities", menunjukkan bahawa tindakan mengebom berlaku ke atas bandar-bandar tersebut (mempunyai makna pasif).
The broken window needs to be fixed.
Tingkap yang pecah itu perlu dibaiki.
EN: This sentence refers to the air raids on Japanese cities during World War II. These traumatic experiences are a recurring theme in Miyazaki's work, often manifesting as a deep anti-war sentiment and a fascination with the dual nature of aviation (both as a dream of flight and a tool of destruction).
EN: The verb 'see' is a verb of perception. When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or that the speaker witnessed the process of the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'see' ialah kata kerja persepsi. Apabila diikuti oleh objek dan partisipel kini (V-ing), ia menekankan bahawa tindakan itu sedang berlangsung, atau penutur menyaksikan proses tindakan itu berlaku.
I saw the children playing in the park.
Saya nampak kanak-kanak sedang bermain di taman.
EN: The present participle 'struggling' functions as an object complement here, describing the state or action of the 'refugees' at the moment they were seen.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel kini 'struggling' berfungsi sebagai pelengkap objek di sini, menerangkan keadaan atau tindakan "pelarian" ketika mereka dilihat.
She noticed a man standing by the door.
Dia perasan seorang lelaki sedang berdiri di tepi pintu.
EN: The sentence refers to the aftermath of World War II in Japan. Miyazaki's childhood experiences with war-torn landscapes and displaced people (refugees) are central to the anti-war and humanitarian themes found in many Studio Ghibli films, such as 'Grave of the Fireflies'.
EN: The use of 'would' to express the 'future in the past'. It describes events that were going to happen from a viewpoint in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'would' untuk menyatakan 'masa depan dalam masa lalu'. Ia menerangkan peristiwa yang, dari perspektif masa lalu, belum berlaku tetapi akan berlaku kemudian.
He knew that this decision would change his life forever.
Dia tahu bahawa keputusan itu akan mengubah hidupnya selama-lamanya.
EN: Compound Subject: When two or more noun phrases ('images' and 'dream') are joined by 'and' to act as the subject of a single verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Subjek Majmuk: Apabila dua atau lebih frasa nama (seperti 'images' dan 'dream') disambungkan oleh 'and', ia bertindak bersama sebagai subjek bagi satu kata kerja.
The rain and the wind made the journey difficult.
Hujan dan angin menjadikan perjalanan itu sukar.
EN: The sentence highlights two recurring themes in Miyazaki's work: the trauma of war and the wonder of aviation. His father was the director of Miyazaki Airplane, which explains his lifelong fascination with flight mechanics.
EN: The sentence uses a subordinate clause starting with 'When' to indicate the time or period during which the main action occurred. This is a common way to set the background for a narrative.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan klausa subordinat yang bermula dengan 'When' untuk menunjukkan masa atau tempoh tindakan utama berlaku. Ini adalah cara biasa untuk menetapkan latar dalam penceritaan.
When I was a student, I lived in London.
Semasa saya menjadi pelajar, saya tinggal di London.
EN: The Past Simple tense ('was', 'saw') is used to describe completed actions or states in the past, which is the standard tense for historical or biographical storytelling.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau mudah ('was', 'saw') digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan atau keadaan yang telah selesai pada masa lalu, ini adalah kala standard untuk penceritaan sejarah atau biografi.
She saw a famous actor at the airport yesterday.
Dia melihat seorang pelakon terkenal di lapangan terbang semalam.
EN: 'The Tale of the White Serpent' (Hakujaden) released in 1958 was Japan's first feature-length color anime film. It was a pivotal moment in Japanese animation history, inspiring many future creators like Miyazaki to enter the industry.
EN: Possessive Nouns with 's: We add 's to a noun (Japan) to show ownership or origin. In this context, it indicates the country of origin for the animation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Nama Milik dengan 's: Kita menambah 's pada kata nama (Japan) untuk menunjukkan pemilikan atau asal usul. Dalam konteks ini, ia menunjukkan negara asal animasi tersebut.
This is the world's tallest building.
Ini adalah bangunan tertinggi di dunia.
EN: Compound Adjectives: 'Full-length' and 'color' act as adjectives modifying the noun 'animation'. 'Full-length' refers to a complete, standard duration for a movie.
Bahasa Melayu: Adjektif Majmuk: 'Full-length' (panjang penuh) dan 'color' (berwarna) bertindak sebagai adjektif yang menerangkan kata nama 'animation'. 'Full-length' merujuk kepada panjang standard penuh sesebuah filem.
She wrote a full-length novel in three months.
Dia menulis novel panjang penuh dalam masa tiga bulan.
EN: The film mentioned, 'The Tale of the White Serpent' (Hakujaden), released in 1958, was a milestone in Japanese history, proving that Japan could produce high-quality animation to compete with Disney.
EN: The 'so + adjective + that' structure is used to express cause and effect, indicating that a quality is so extreme that it results in a specific consequence.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "so + adjektif + that" digunakan untuk menyatakan hubungan sebab dan akibat, menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu sifat mencapai tahap yang melampau sehingga menghasilkan akibat yang tertentu.
The music was so loud that I couldn't hear my own voice.
Muzik itu terlalu kuat sehingga saya tidak dapat mendengar suara saya sendiri.
EN: The phrase 'dedicate something to something' means to give a lot of your time and effort to a particular activity or purpose.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "dedicate something to something" bermaksud memberikan banyak masa dan tenaga anda kepada aktiviti atau matlamat tertentu.
She dedicated her life to helping the poor.
Dia mengabdikan seluruh hidupnya untuk membantu orang miskin.
EN: The film mentioned, 'The Tale of the White Serpent' (1958), is a landmark in Japanese history as the first feature-length color anime. It deeply moved many future creators, including Miyazaki, by showing the artistic potential of the medium.
EN: Compound Predicate: This sentence uses a compound predicate where a single subject ('This experience') performs two actions connected by the conjunction 'and'. Both verbs ('changed' and 'set') must agree with the subject and maintain consistent tense.
Bahasa Melayu: Predikat Majmuk: Ayat ini menggunakan predikat majmuk di mana satu subjek (Pengalaman ini) melakukan dua tindakan yang disambungkan oleh kata hubung "and". Kedua-dua kata kerja (changed dan set) mesti bersetuju dengan subjek dan mengekalkan kala yang konsisten.
The storm damaged the roof and broke several windows.
Ribut itu merosakkan bumbung dan memecahkan beberapa tingkap.
EN: Phrasal Verb 'Set someone on a path': This idiomatic expression means to cause someone to start doing something or to lead them toward a specific future direction.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Kerja Frasa 'Set someone on a path': Ungkapan idiomatik ini bermaksud menyebabkan seseorang memulakan sesuatu atau membimbing mereka ke arah masa depan yang tertentu.
Winning the scholarship set her on a path to becoming a doctor.
Memenangi biasiswa itu meletakkannya di landasan untuk menjadi doktor.
EN: The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to describe the method or means of achieving an action.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'by' diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) digunakan untuk menerangkan kaedah atau cara untuk mencapai sesuatu tindakan.
She improved her English by watching movies.
Dia meningkatkan bahasa Inggerisnya dengan menonton filem.
EN: Adverbs of manner like 'officially' are often placed between the subject and the main verb to emphasize how the action was performed.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan cara seperti 'officially' biasanya diletakkan di antara subjek dan kata kerja utama untuk menekankan bagaimana tindakan itu dilakukan.
They finally finished the project.
Mereka akhirnya menyelesaikan projek itu secara rasmi.
EN: Toei Animation is one of Japan's oldest and most famous animation studios. It was the training ground for many legendary creators, including Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata, before they founded Studio Ghibli.
EN: The preposition 'After' is followed by a gerund (working) to indicate a sequence of events. This structure functions as an adverbial phrase of time, showing what happened before the main action.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'After' diikuti oleh gerund (working) untuk menunjukkan urutan peristiwa. Struktur ini berfungsi sebagai frasa keterangan masa, menerangkan perkara yang berlaku sebelum tindakan utama.
After finishing the project, she took a long vacation.
Selepas menyiapkan projek itu, dia bercuti panjang.
EN: The past simple tense 'wanted' is used here to describe a state or desire that existed at a specific point in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau mudah 'wanted' digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan keadaan atau keinginan yang wujud pada masa tertentu pada masa lalu.
He wanted to become an artist when he was young.
Dia mahu menjadi seorang artis semasa muda.
EN: In the Japanese animation industry, 'creative control' is highly valued by directors like Miyazaki, who often oversee every detail from storyboarding to final coloring. This desire for autonomy eventually led to the founding of Studio Ghibli.
EN: The use of 'after' followed by a gerund (V-ing) acts as a prepositional phrase to indicate the sequence of events. It is a concise way to say 'after he had created'.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'after' diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) bertindak sebagai frasa sendi untuk menunjukkan urutan tindakan. Ini adalah cara yang ringkas untuk menyatakan, bersamaan dengan 'after he had created'.
After finishing his homework, he went out to play.
Selepas menyiapkan kerja rumah, dia keluar bermain.
EN: The prefix 'co-' is added to a verb to indicate that the action is performed together with others. 'Co-founded' means founded together with someone else.
Bahasa Melayu: Awalan 'co-' ditambah pada kata kerja untuk menunjukkan bahawa tindakan itu dilakukan bersama-sama. 'Co-founded' bermaksud menubuhkan bersama-sama dengan orang lain.
They co-authored the book last year.
Mereka bersama-sama menulis buku itu tahun lepas.
EN: Studio Ghibli is one of the most acclaimed animation studios in the world. The name 'Ghibli' comes from the Italian word for a hot desert wind, reflecting Miyazaki's passion for aviation and his desire to 'blow a new wind' through the Japanese animation industry.
EN: The past participle 'dedicated' functions as an adjective phrase modifying the noun 'princess'. It is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'who was dedicated to'.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau "dedicated" berfungsi sebagai frasa adjektif yang menerangkan kata nama "princess" (puteri). Ini adalah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan daripada "who was dedicated to".
The scientist dedicated to cancer research won an award.
Saintis yang berdedikasi kepada penyelidikan kanser itu memenangi anugerah.
EN: The preposition 'to' in the phrase 'dedicated to' is followed by a noun or gerund, indicating the object of commitment or purpose.
Bahasa Melayu: Dalam frasa "dedicated to", 'to' ialah kata sendi yang diikuti oleh kata nama atau gerund untuk menunjukkan objek atau matlamat pengabdian atau komitmen.
She is dedicated to improving education in rural areas.
Dia berdedikasi untuk meningkatkan pendidikan di kawasan luar bandar.
EN: This sentence refers to the film 'Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind' (though technically released just before Ghibli's official founding, it is considered the studio's spiritual start). It highlights a recurring theme in Miyazaki's work: the complex relationship between humanity and the environment.
EN: Noun Clause as Object: The phrase 'it would fail...' acts as the direct object of the verb 'thought'. The conjunction 'that' is often omitted in informal or narrative English.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Nama sebagai Objek: Bahagian 'it would fail...' bertindak sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'thought'. Dalam bahasa Inggeris tidak formal atau naratif, kata hubung 'that' sering digugurkan.
The teacher thought the students were ready for the exam.
Guru itu berpendapat bahawa pelajar-pelajar sudah bersedia untuk mengambil peperiksaan.
EN: Prepositional Phrase 'because of': This compound preposition is used to introduce a reason. Unlike 'because' (which is followed by a clause), 'because of' must be followed by a noun or noun phrase.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Sendi 'because of': Kata sendi majmuk ini digunakan untuk memperkenalkan sebab. Berbeza dengan 'because' (yang diikuti oleh klausa), 'because of' mesti diikuti oleh kata nama atau frasa nama.
The flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
Penerbangan itu ditangguhkan kerana hujan lebat.
EN: In the 1980s, environmentalism was not yet a mainstream theme in commercial animation. Studio Ghibli's focus on nature and ecology was considered a significant financial risk at the time, which makes their eventual global success even more remarkable.
EN: The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast or concession. It is followed by a noun, noun phrase, or gerund, but never a full clause with a subject and verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi "Despite" (walaupun) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan kontras atau konsesi. Ia diikuti oleh kata nama, frasa nama, atau gerund, dan tidak boleh diikuti terus oleh klausa yang mempunyai subjek dan kata kerja.
Despite the heavy rain, the outdoor concert continued as planned.
Walaupun hujan lebat, konsert luar rumah tetap diteruskan seperti yang dirancang.
EN: The structure 'be determined to + verb' expresses a strong sense of resolve or firm decision to do something. 'Determined' acts as an adjective describing the subject's state of mind.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "be determined to + kata kerja" menyatakan keazaman yang kuat atau sikap tegas untuk melakukan sesuatu. "Determined" di sini berfungsi sebagai adjektif yang menerangkan minda subjek.
She was determined to win the marathon after months of training.
Selepas berbulan-bulan latihan, dia berazam untuk memenangi maraton itu.
EN: In the context of Studio Ghibli, 'vision' refers to Miyazaki's unique storytelling style that blends environmentalism, pacifism, and strong female protagonists, which was considered risky in the 1980s animation industry.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Menyaksikan; melihat sendiri (biasanya peristiwa besar atau bersejarah)
Dalam konteks: Pelarian; orang yang terpaksa melarikan diri dari rumah mereka kerana perang, penganiayaan, atau bencana alam
Dalam konteks: Pengaruh; kesan terhadap pemikiran atau tingkah laku seseorang
Dalam konteks: Mengabdikan, menumpukan (masa, tenaga, dll.) untuk tujuan tertentu
Dalam konteks: Secara rasmi; oleh pihak berkuasa atau dengan cara yang formal
Dalam konteks: Kawalan kreatif; kuasa untuk membuat keputusan tentang hala tuju artistik sesebuah karya
Dalam konteks: Menubuhkan bersama
Dalam konteks: Alam sekitar; berkaitan dengan perlindungan alam semula jadi
Dalam konteks: Berazam; mempunyai keazaman yang kuat
Dalam konteks: Visi, wawasan; imaginasi atau konsep tentang masa depan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To cause someone to start a new course of action or a different way of life.
Membuatkan seseorang memulakan jalan baharu
To experience great difficulty in staying alive or maintaining a basic level of existence.
Bergelut untuk terus hidup
Giving a lot of time and effort to something because you think it is important.
Berdedikasi kepada; mengabdikan diri kepada
To start an organization or company together with one or more other people.
Diasaskan bersama
A film or animation that is of the standard duration for a feature movie, typically 70 to 120 minutes.
Berdurasi penuh (filem atau animasi)
The authority to make final decisions regarding the artistic and content-related aspects of a project.
Kawalan kreatif / Autonomi artistik
A clear, imaginative concept of what a creative work or a future goal should be.
Visi / Konsep artistik