Tim Cook at Stanford: Be a Builder, Not a TakerTim Cook di Stanford: Jadilah Pembina, Bukan Pengambil
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EN: The present participle phrase (noting that...) is used here as a 'reduced relative clause' or a 'simultaneous action' modifier. It describes an action performed by the subject (Cook) at the same time as the main verb (stood).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini (noting that...) digunakan di sini sebagai "klausa relatif yang diringkaskan" atau penerang "tindakan serentak". Ia menerangkan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek (Cook) pada masa yang sama dengan kata kerja utama (stood).
She walked out of the room, smiling at her friends.
Dia keluar dari bilik sambil tersenyum kepada rakan-rakannya.
EN: The phrase 'the same... as' is a comparative structure used to indicate identity or similarity between two things.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "the same... as" ialah struktur perbandingan yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kesamaan atau persamaan antara dua perkara.
He drives the same car as his brother.
Dia memandu kereta yang sama seperti abangnya.
EN: The 'Apple campus' refers to Apple Park in Cupertino, California. Mentioning Steve Jobs' presence highlights the enduring legacy and spiritual influence the founder still has over the company's culture and leadership under Tim Cook.
EN: The Present Perfect Passive Voice (has/have been + past participle) is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have an effect on the present, emphasizing the receiver of the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif kala kini sempurna (has/have been + past participle) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan memberi kesan kepada masa kini, menekankan penerima tindakan.
The city has been transformed by new technology.
Bandar ini telah diubah oleh teknologi baharu.
EN: The verb 'remind' follows the pattern 'remind someone that + clause', used to make someone think about something they may have forgotten or to point out a fact.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'remind' mengikuti pola 'remind someone that + klausa', digunakan untuk mengingatkan seseorang tentang perkara yang mungkin dilupakan atau untuk menunjukkan sesuatu fakta.
She reminded me that the meeting starts at nine.
Dia mengingatkan saya bahawa mesyuarat bermula pada pukul sembilan.
EN: The phrase 'standing on the shoulders of giants' is a famous metaphor meaning to use the knowledge gained by major thinkers who have gone before in order to make intellectual progress. Here, Cook uses it to honor Steve Jobs' legacy at Apple.
EN: The infinitive phrase 'to move fast and drive progress' acts as a subject complement. In the structure 'Subject + be + to-infinitive', the infinitive defines or explains the content of the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa infinitif "to move fast and drive progress" berfungsi sebagai pelengkap subjek. Dalam struktur "subjek + kata kerja be + infinitif", infinitif digunakan untuk mentakrifkan atau menerangkan subjek.
Our goal is to improve customer satisfaction.
Matlamat kami adalah untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan.
EN: The preposition 'through' is used here to indicate the means or method by which something is achieved.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi "through" digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan cara atau kaedah untuk mencapai sesuatu (melalui...).
They achieved success through hard work.
Mereka mencapai kejayaan melalui kerja keras.
EN: The phrase 'move fast' is a direct reference to Facebook's famous early motto, 'Move fast and break things,' which defined the high-growth, disruptive culture of Silicon Valley for over a decade.
EN: The use of 'at a speed' followed by a relative clause starting with 'that' is a common way to describe the rate or pace of an action. The relative clause 'that once seemed completely impossible' functions as an adjective to modify the noun 'speed'.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "at a speed" diikuti oleh klausa relatif yang bermula dengan "that" ialah cara biasa untuk menerangkan kadar atau rentak tindakan. Klausa relatif "that once seemed completely impossible" berfungsi sebagai adjektif, menerangkan kata nama "speed" (kelajuan).
The car was traveling at a speed that exceeded the limit.
Kereta itu bergerak pada kelajuan yang melebihi had laju.
EN: The passive voice 'was connected' is used here to emphasize the state of the world being brought together by external technological forces, rather than focusing on who specifically performed the connection.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif "was connected" digunakan di sini untuk menekankan keadaan dunia yang dihubungkan oleh kuasa teknologi luaran, dan bukannya memberi tumpuan kepada siapa yang melakukan tindakan menyambung.
The two islands were connected by a long bridge.
Kedua-dua pulau itu disambungkan oleh sebuah jambatan yang panjang.
EN: The term 'high-energy culture' refers to the fast-paced, intense, and innovative work environment of Silicon Valley, which is known for its 'move fast and break things' mantra. This culture drove rapid global connectivity but also led to the social challenges Cook mentions.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate a simultaneous development or a cause-and-effect relationship over time, often translated as 'while' or 'along with'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "as" digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan perkembangan serentak atau hubungan sebab-akibat yang berlaku dari masa ke masa, biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai "dengan" atau "apabila".
As the sun set, the temperature began to drop.
Apabila matahari terbenam, suhu mula menurun.
EN: The sentence uses a compound structure with multiple independent clauses joined by commas and the coordinating conjunction 'and', showing a sequence of related consequences.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur majmuk dengan beberapa klausa bebas yang disambungkan oleh koma dan kata hubung koordinat "and", menunjukkan satu siri akibat yang berkaitan.
The rain stopped, the clouds cleared, and the birds started singing.
Hujan berhenti, awan berpisah, dan burung mula bernyanyi.
EN: The phrase 'as things broke' alludes to the famous Silicon Valley motto 'Move fast and break things,' originally popularized by Facebook. Cook uses this to critique the unintended negative consequences of that high-speed innovation culture.
EN: The verb 'argue' is followed by a 'that' clause, which functions as the direct object of the sentence. This structure is commonly used to report someone's opinion or a formal statement.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "argue" (menuntut/berhujah) diikuti oleh klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh "that", yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung ayat. Struktur ini sering digunakan untuk melaporkan pandangan atau kenyataan rasmi seseorang.
The scientist argued that climate change requires immediate action.
Para saintis berhujah bahawa perubahan iklim memerlukan tindakan segera.
EN: The phrase 'can no longer' is used to indicate that a situation that existed in the past has stopped or must stop now. It is more formal than 'cannot... anymore'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "can no longer" digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa situasi yang wujud pada masa lalu kini telah berhenti atau mesti dihentikan. Ia lebih formal daripada "cannot... anymore".
We can no longer ignore the importance of data privacy.
Kita tidak lagi boleh mengabaikan kepentingan privasi data.
EN: This sentence reflects a shift in Silicon Valley's corporate responsibility. For years, tech giants viewed themselves as neutral platforms, but leaders like Cook are now acknowledging that companies must take responsibility for the societal impact of their technology.
EN: Zero/First Conditional Structure: Using 'If' to express a logical consequence or a general truth. In this context, it emphasizes the direct responsibility that follows an action.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur Ayat Bersyarat: Menggunakan 'If' untuk menyatakan akibat logik atau kebenaran umum. Dalam konteks ini, ia menekankan tanggungjawab langsung yang menyusuli tindakan.
If you create a social media app, you are responsible for user safety.
Jika anda membangunkan aplikasi media sosial, anda mesti bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan pengguna.
EN: Noun Clause as Object of Preposition: The phrase 'how people use it' acts as a noun (the object of the preposition 'of'), describing the specific nature of the consequences.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama sebagai objek preposisi: Frasa 'how people use it' berfungsi sebagai kata nama (objek preposisi 'of'), menerangkan sifat khusus akibat tersebut.
The success of the project depends on how team members cooperate.
Kejayaan projek bergantung pada bagaimana ahli pasukan bekerjasama.
EN: This sentence reflects a major shift in Silicon Valley's philosophy. For decades, tech companies operated under the 'platform immunity' mindset, arguing they weren't responsible for user-generated content. Cook's statement marks a call for 'corporate social responsibility' (CSR) in the digital age.
EN: The Zero Conditional (If + present simple, present simple/modal) is used to express general truths, facts, or logical consequences. Here, 'can't' expresses a logical impossibility or a moral prohibition based on the condition.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat bersyarat sifar (If + present simple, present simple/modal) digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum, fakta, atau hasil logik. Di sini, "can't" menyatakan keperluan logik atau larangan moral berdasarkan syarat tersebut.
If you break the law, you must face the consequences.
Jika anda melanggar undang-undang, anda mesti menghadapi akibatnya.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past but has a direct impact or result in the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have/has + past participle) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak pasti, tetapi tindakan itu mempunyai kesan atau hasil langsung pada masa kini.
She has built a successful career in Silicon Valley.
Dia telah membina kerjaya yang berjaya di Silicon Valley.
EN: In this speech, Cook uses the term 'chaos factory' as a metaphor to criticize tech companies that prioritize growth and engagement over social stability and user well-being. It reflects a growing debate in Silicon Valley about corporate accountability.
EN: Relative Clauses with 'who': Used to provide essential information about a person or group of people. The word 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif dengan 'who': Digunakan untuk memberikan maklumat penting tentang seseorang atau sekumpulan orang. 'who' berperanan sebagai subjek dalam klausa relatif.
The students who study hard usually get good grades.
Pelajar yang belajar bersungguh-sungguh biasanya mendapat keputusan yang baik.
EN: Parallel Structure: The sentence uses two balanced noun phrases ('takers who...' and 'builders who...') to contrast two different types of people using the same grammatical form.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur Selari: Ayat menggunakan dua frasa nama yang seimbang ('takers who...' dan 'builders who...'), dengan bentuk tatabahasa yang sama untuk membandingkan dua jenis orang yang berbeza.
We need leaders who inspire us and workers who support us.
Kita perlu memberi inspirasi kepada pemimpin kita, serta menyokong pekerja kita.
EN: In the context of Silicon Valley, 'takers' often refers to companies or individuals who profit from technology without considering its social costs, while 'builders' refers to those who take responsibility for the long-term impact of their innovations.
EN: The sentence uses the Imperative Mood, which is used to give commands, advice, or instructions. It starts with the base form of the verb and the subject 'you' is implied but omitted.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan Mood Imperatif, yang digunakan untuk memberi arahan, nasihat, atau petunjuk. Ia bermula dengan bentuk asas kata kerja, dan subjek "anda" ditinggalkan.
Be a leader in your community.
Jadilah pemimpin dalam komuniti anda.
EN: The verb 'be' acts as a linking verb here, connecting the subject to a subject complement (a noun phrase) that describes what the subject should become.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "be" bertindak sebagai kata kerja penghubung di sini, menghubungkan subjek dengan pelengkap (frasa nama) yang menerangkan identiti yang sepatutnya dimiliki oleh subjek.
Be a good student.
Jadilah pelajar yang baik.
EN: In the context of Silicon Valley and tech culture, a 'builder' refers to someone who creates lasting value and takes responsibility for their inventions, contrasting with 'takers' who only seek profit. 庫克 uses this term to inspire graduates to solve modern social challenges.
EN: The verb 'give' is used here in a ditransitive structure (give someone something), where 'the generation of 2019' is the indirect object and 'a charge' is the direct object. In this context, 'charge' means a formal responsibility or task.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "give" digunakan di sini dalam struktur dwi-objek (give someone something), di mana "the generation of 2019" ialah objek tidak langsung dan "a charge" ialah objek langsung. Dalam konteks ini, "charge" bermaksud tanggungjawab atau tugas rasmi.
The manager gave the team a charge to improve customer satisfaction.
Pengurus memberikan pasukan itu tugas untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan.
EN: The present participle phrase 'facing our modern society' acts as an adjective (reduced relative clause) modifying the noun 'challenges'. It is equivalent to 'which face our modern society'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel kini "facing our modern society" berfungsi sebagai adjektif (klausa relatif yang diringkaskan), menerangkan kata nama "challenges". Ini bersamaan dengan "which face our modern society".
We need to address the issues facing our environment.
Kita perlu menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi oleh alam sekitar kita.
EN: In American graduation ceremonies (commencement), it is common for the speaker to give a 'charge' to the graduates. This is a formal call to action, urging them to use their education to better the world.
EN: The verb 'suggest' is often followed by a 'that' clause using the subjunctive mood. In this structure, the base form of the verb is used, often preceded by 'should' (especially in British English), to express a recommendation or proposal.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "suggest" (mencadangkan) sering diikuti oleh klausa 'that' yang menggunakan suasana subjungtif. Dalam struktur ini, kata kerja dalam klausa menggunakan bentuk asas, atau dengan menambah "should" sebelum kata kerja (yang lazim dalam bahasa Inggeris British), untuk menyatakan cadangan atau usul.
The doctor suggested that he take a few days off work.
Doktor mengesyorkan agar dia berehat selama beberapa hari.
EN: The infinitive phrase 'to ensure' acts as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action of building should be done. It is a common way to express 'in order to'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa infinitif "to ensure" berfungsi sebagai keterangan tujuan, menjelaskan "mengapa" tindakan membina dilakukan. Ini adalah cara biasa untuk menyatakan "untuk" (dalam erti kata tujuan).
She studied hard to ensure she would pass the exam.
Dia belajar bersungguh-sungguh untuk memastikan dia lulus peperiksaan.
EN: In the context of Silicon Valley and tech leadership, 'building with intention' refers to the ethical responsibility of creators to consider the long-term societal impact of their technology, rather than just focusing on growth or speed.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: pendahulu, yang terdahulu
Dalam konteks: mangsa, perkara yang rosak atau terjejas
Dalam konteks: mengelak, mengelak (tanggungjawab atau masalah)
Dalam konteks: kekacauan, huru-hara
Dalam konteks: mengekstrak, mendapatkan (nilai atau sumber)
Dalam konteks: niat, tujuan
Dalam konteks: Asas; batu asas
Dalam konteks: akibat, kesan
Dalam konteks: besar, berskala besar
Dalam konteks: semakin hilang, pudar
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
Building on the work or achievements of a predecessor.
Mewarisi pencapaian pendahulu, berdiri di atas bahu raksasa
A business philosophy of prioritizing speed and innovation over caution.
Bergerak pantas dan pecahkan tradisi (semangat keusahawanan yang biasa di Lembah Silikon)
The right of individuals to control their personal information online.
Privasi pengguna
An online infrastructure that enables interaction between users.
Platform digital