Great Western Railway to be nationalised in DecemberGreat Western Railway bakal dimiliknegarakan pada bulan Disember
Pratonton Audio Lengkap
0:00
0:00
EN: The auxiliary verb 'will' is used here to express a future fact or a scheduled event that has been officially decided.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja bantu 'will' digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan fakta masa hadapan yang telah dijadualkan atau peristiwa yang telah diputuskan secara rasmi.
The new museum will open next month.
Muzium baharu akan dibuka pada bulan hadapan.
EN: The preposition 'in' is used with months (e.g., in December) to indicate the time when something happens.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama 'in' digunakan dengan bulan (contohnya, in December) untuk menunjukkan titik masa sesuatu perkara berlaku.
We usually go skiing in January.
Kami biasanya pergi berski pada bulan Januari.
EN: The nationalization of railways is a significant political shift in the UK. Since the 1990s, most services were privatized, but the current Labour government is moving to bring them back under state control to improve reliability and integration.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has announced): Used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present, often used for news announcements.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has announced): Digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak spesifik, dan tindakan itu mempunyai kaitan dengan masa kini, sering digunakan dalam pengumuman berita.
The company has announced a new CEO.
Syarikat itu telah mengumumkan seorang ketua pegawai eksekutif baharu.
EN: Passive Voice in Future Tense (will be nationalised): Formed by 'will be' + past participle. It focuses on the action being done to the subject rather than who is doing it.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk pasif masa hadapan (will be nationalised): Dibentuk dengan 'will be + kata kerja lampau'. Ia menekankan tindakan yang diterima oleh subjek, bukan orang atau pihak yang melakukan tindakan itu.
The new bridge will be completed next year.
Jambatan baharu ini akan siap pada tahun hadapan.
EN: In the UK, 'nationalisation' refers to the process of bringing private assets (like railways) under public ownership by the government. This has been a major political topic since the Labour government took power in 2024, aiming to improve service reliability.
EN: Present Perfect Passive (has/have + been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has an effect on the present, while focusing on the person or thing receiving the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk pasif kala kini sempurna (has/have + been + kata kerja lampau): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga kini, atau yang memberi kesan kepada masa kini, sambil menumpukan perhatian kepada orang atau benda yang menerima tindakan itu.
The old building has been renovated by the city council.
Bangunan lama ini telah diubah suai oleh majlis bandaran.
EN: The preposition 'for' + duration: Used to indicate the length of time an action or state has lasted.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama 'for' + tempoh masa: Digunakan untuk menunjukkan tempoh masa sesuatu tindakan atau keadaan berlangsung.
They have lived in London for ten years.
Mereka telah tinggal di London selama sepuluh tahun.
EN: The privatization of British railways began in the mid-1990s under the Conservative government. The mention of '30 years' refers to this period of private operation before the current trend of returning services to public ownership (nationalization).
EN: The Present Perfect Passive ('has been returned') is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, emphasizing the result or state rather than the doer.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk pasif kala kini sempurna ('has been returned') digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak spesifik, menekankan hasil atau keadaan, bukan pelaku tindakan.
The stolen car has been returned to its owner.
Kereta yang dicuri itu telah dikembalikan kepada pemiliknya.
EN: The conjunction 'since' is used to indicate a starting point in time. When followed by a clause in the Past Simple ('came to power'), the main clause usually uses the Present Perfect.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'since' digunakan untuk menunjukkan titik permulaan dalam masa. Apabila diikuti oleh klausa dalam bentuk lampau mudah (came to power), klausa utama biasanya menggunakan kala kini sempurna.
He has lived in London since he graduated in 2020.
Sejak dia menamatkan pengajian pada tahun 2020, dia telah tinggal di London.
EN: The term 'public ownership' or 'nationalisation' refers to the process of the government taking control of a private industry. In the UK, the railway system has historically shifted between private and public control, with the Labour party traditionally favouring state management to improve service reliability.
EN: Passive Voice (was passed): Used when the action is more important than the person performing it. Formed with 'be' + past participle.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk pasif (was passed): Digunakan apabila tindakan itu lebih penting daripada orang yang melakukan tindakan. Dibentuk dengan 'kata kerja be + kata kerja lampau'.
The new law was passed by the parliament yesterday.
Undang-undang baharu ini telah diluluskan oleh parlimen semalam.
EN: Adverbial Clause of Time (When...): A clause that indicates when the main action takes place, often starting with 'when'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa adverba masa (When...): Klausa yang menunjukkan masa tindakan utama berlaku, biasanya dimulakan dengan 'when'.
When the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly.
Apabila matahari terbenam, suhu akan turun dengan cepat.
EN: The UK's railway system has fluctuated between private and public ownership for decades. The Labour party traditionally supports nationalization (government control) of essential services like transport to ensure public benefit over private profit.
EN: Passive Voice with 'be expected to': This structure is used to express expectations or predictions about a future event. The subject (this process) is receiving the action rather than performing it.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'be expected to' dalam bentuk pasif: Struktur ini digunakan untuk menyatakan jangkaan atau ramalan terhadap peristiwa pada masa hadapan. Subjek (proses ini) ialah penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan.
The new project is expected to start next month.
Projek baharu ini dijangka akan bermula pada bulan hadapan.
EN: Prepositional phrase 'by the end of': This phrase indicates a deadline or a point in time before which an action must be completed.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi nama 'by the end of': Frasa ini menunjukkan tarikh akhir atau titik masa yang sebelum itu sesuatu tindakan mesti diselesaikan.
Please submit your report by the end of the week.
Sila hantar laporan anda sebelum hujung minggu.
EN: The nationalization of railways is a significant political shift in the UK. Since the 1990s, most services were privatized, but the current Labour government is moving them back into public ownership to improve reliability and service quality.
EN: The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' (that-clause) acting as the direct object of the verb 'confirmed'. This structure allows you to report a fact or statement.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan 'klausa nama' (klausa that) sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'confirmed'. Struktur ini sering digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta atau melaporkan maklumat.
The company announced that the project was successful.
Syarikat itu mengumumkan bahawa projek tersebut telah berjaya.
EN: The phrase 'take effect' is a common collocation meaning to become officially active or valid, often used for laws, rules, or schedules.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'take effect' ialah kolokasi biasa yang bermaksud mula berkuat kuasa secara rasmi atau mula dilaksanakan, sering digunakan untuk undang-undang, peraturan, atau jadual.
The new law will take effect from next month.
Undang-undang baharu akan mula berkuat kuasa pada bulan hadapan.
EN: In the UK, major changes to train schedules (timetables) usually happen twice a year, in May and December. This is why the nationalization of Great Western Railway is timed to coincide with these industry-wide updates.
EN: The verb 'connects' is used in the present simple tense to describe a permanent fact or a regular route. The structure 'connect A to B' is used to show a link between two locations.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'connects' digunakan dalam bentuk sekarang mudah untuk menerangkan fakta kekal atau laluan tetap. Struktur 'connect A to B' digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara dua tempat.
The new bridge connects the island to the mainland.
Jambatan baharu ini menghubungkan pulau itu dengan tanah besar.
EN: Prepositional phrases starting with 'in' and 'to' are used here as modifiers to provide specific geographical details about the locations.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi nama yang bermula dengan 'in' dan 'to' digunakan di sini sebagai penerang untuk memberikan butiran geografi yang khusus tentang lokasi.
He lives in a small village in north Italy.
Dia tinggal di sebuah kampung kecil di utara Itali.
EN: Paddington station is one of London's major railway termini and is famously associated with the fictional character Paddington Bear. It serves as the gateway for trains traveling to the west of the UK.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has worked): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has relevance to the current situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has worked): Digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga kini, atau yang berkaitan dengan keadaan semasa.
The company has provided excellent service since 2010.
Syarikat itu telah menyediakan perkhidmatan berkualiti sejak tahun 2010.
EN: Infinitive of Purpose (to upgrade... and introduce): The 'to + verb' structure is used here to explain the reason or goal of the action (why they worked closely).
Bahasa Melayu: Infinitif tujuan (to upgrade... and introduce): Struktur 'to + kata kerja' digunakan di sini untuk menjelaskan sebab atau matlamat tindakan (iaitu, mengapa mereka bekerjasama rapat).
He studied hard to pass the exam.
Dia belajar bersungguh-sungguh untuk lulus peperiksaan.
EN: The 'mainline' refers to the primary railway tracks connecting major cities, which are crucial for national infrastructure. 'Intercity trains' in the UK are long-distance services that connect major population centers, often featuring higher speeds and more amenities than local commuter trains.
EN: The sentence uses a 'that-clause' as a noun clause to function as the direct object of the reporting verb 'said'. This structure is commonly used to report statements or information.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan 'klausa nama' yang diperkenalkan oleh 'that' sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'said'. Struktur ini sering digunakan untuk melaporkan kata-kata seseorang atau menyatakan sesuatu fakta.
The teacher said that the exam would be easy.
Cikgu kata peperiksaan itu akan menjadi mudah.
EN: The possessive case is formed by adding an apostrophe and 's' ('s) to a noun (e.g., government's) to indicate ownership or relationship.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk milikan dibentuk dengan menambah tanda koma atas dan 's' ('s) pada kata nama, contohnya 'government's', untuk menunjukkan pemilikan atau hubungan kepunyaan.
The company's new office is in London.
Pejabat syarikat ini terletak di London.
EN: The 'Department for Transport' is the UK government department responsible for the English transport network and a limited number of transport matters in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The move toward nationalization reflects a significant shift in UK political strategy regarding public infrastructure.
EN: The Present Continuous Passive (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress or planned for the near future where the subject receives the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk pasif kala kini berterusan (am/is/are + being + kata kerja lampau) digunakan untuk menerangkan situasi yang sedang berlaku pada masa kini atau yang dirancang untuk berlaku dalam masa terdekat, dengan subjek sebagai penerima tindakan.
The old bridge is being repaired by the workers.
Jambatan lama itu sedang dibaiki oleh para pekerja.
EN: The word 'several' is a determiner used to indicate an indefinite number that is more than two but not very many. It is always followed by a plural countable noun.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'several' ialah penentu yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bilangan yang tidak pasti, biasanya lebih daripada dua tetapi tidak banyak (beberapa). Ia sentiasa diikuti oleh kata nama boleh bilang dalam bentuk jamak.
Several students were absent from the meeting.
Beberapa orang pelajar tidak hadir pada mesyuarat itu.
EN: In the UK, 'nationalisation' refers to the process of the government taking control of a private industry or company. This has been a major political topic in British railway history, shifting between private franchises and public control.
EN: Non-defining relative clauses: These clauses provide extra information about a noun (separated by commas) and are introduced by relative pronouns like 'which'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan pembatas: Klausa ini digunakan untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama (biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma), dan diperkenalkan oleh kata ganti relatif (seperti which).
The new train station, which opened last week, is very modern.
Stesen kereta api baharu yang dibuka minggu lepas sangat moden.
EN: The phrase 'be due to' is used to describe something that is expected to happen at a specific time based on a schedule or arrangement.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'be due to' digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang dijangka berlaku pada masa tertentu berdasarkan jadual atau susunan.
The next train is due to arrive in ten minutes.
Kereta api seterusnya dijangka tiba dalam sepuluh minit.
EN: Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) is one of the most significant rail franchises in the UK, operating busy routes like the Thameslink, Southern, and Great Northern. Its nationalization is a major step in the British government's plan to bring railways back under public control to improve reliability.
EN: The Future Passive Voice is formed using 'will be' + past participle. It is used to describe actions that will happen to the subject in the future, where the performer of the action is often the government or an organization.
Bahasa Melayu: Bentuk pasif masa hadapan dibentuk dengan 'will be + kata kerja lampau'. Ia digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang akan berlaku kepada subjek pada masa hadapan, dan pelaku tindakan biasanya kerajaan atau institusi.
The new bridge will be completed next year.
Jambatan baharu ini akan siap pada tahun hadapan.
EN: Prepositions of Time: 'In' is used with months, years, and seasons to indicate a general period of time when an event occurs.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama masa: 'in' digunakan dengan bulan, tahun, dan musim untuk menunjukkan tempoh masa sesuatu peristiwa berlaku.
The school year starts in September.
Tahun persekolahan bermula pada bulan September.
EN: The nationalisation of railways in the UK marks a significant shift in policy under the Labour government, moving away from the privatisation model that began in the 1990s. Chiltern Railways is one of several operators being brought back under public control to improve service consistency.
EN: The use of 'will remain' indicates a future state or condition that will persist after a specific event (the changes). 'Remain' is an intransitive verb here, meaning to continue to exist.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'will remain' menunjukkan keadaan atau situasi masa hadapan yang akan berterusan selepas peristiwa tertentu (perubahan ini). 'Remain' di sini ialah kata kerja tak transitif yang bermaksud 'terus wujud' atau 'kekal'.
Only a few tickets will remain after the pre-sale ends.
Hanya beberapa tiket akan tinggal selepas jualan awal tamat.
EN: The colon (:) is used to introduce a list that clarifies or specifies the 'three private train operators' mentioned earlier in the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Titik bertindih (:) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan senarai yang menjelaskan atau menyenaraikan secara khusus 'tiga pengendali kereta api swasta' yang disebut pada bahagian awal ayat.
The store sells three types of fruit: apples, oranges, and bananas.
Kedai ini menjual tiga jenis buah: epal, oren, dan pisang.
EN: The sentence reflects a major shift in UK transport policy. Since the mid-1990s, British railways were privatized. However, the current government is moving toward 'Great British Railways,' a state-owned model, to improve service reliability and simplify ticketing.
EN: The passive voice construction 'be expected to' is used to describe something that is likely to happen based on current information or plans. It shifts the focus from who expects it to the action itself.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur bentuk pasif 'be expected to' digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang mungkin berlaku berdasarkan maklumat atau rancangan sedia ada. Ia mengalihkan tumpuan daripada 'siapa yang menjangkakan' kepada 'tindakan itu sendiri'.
The new train station is expected to open next month.
Stesen kereta api baharu dijangka akan dibuka pada bulan hadapan.
EN: The preposition 'before' is used here to indicate a deadline or a point in time by which an action must be completed. 'Before the end of' is a common phrase to specify a time limit.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi nama 'before' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan tarikh akhir atau titik masa yang sebelum itu sesuatu tindakan mesti diselesaikan. 'Before the end of' ialah frasa biasa yang digunakan untuk menentukan had masa.
Please submit the report before the end of the week.
Sila hantar laporan sebelum akhir minggu.
EN: The sentence refers to the nationalization of British railways. In the UK, the debate between private vs. public ownership of rail services is a significant political issue, with the Labour government historically favoring public control to improve service reliability and integration.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: nasionalisasikan; menjadikan perusahaan swasta sebagai milik negara
Dalam konteks: pemilikan; status sebagai pemilik
Dalam konteks: perundangan; undang-undang
Dalam konteks: jadual waktu; jadual perjalanan (kereta api, bas)
Dalam konteks: naik taraf; penambahbaikan
Dalam konteks: penting; bermakna
Dalam konteks: penumpang ulang-alik; orang yang berulang-alik antara pinggir bandar dan bandar
Dalam konteks: pemindahan; penyerahan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
State or government ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise.
pemilikan awam; penasionalan
To take control of a country's government, usually after an election.
berkuasa; memegang tampuk pemerintahan
To become active or start to apply (of a law, rule, or schedule).
berkuat kuasa; mula beroperasi
Expected to happen or arrive at a particular time.
dijadualkan; dijangka