‘The obsession with endless growth can only end in tears’: your questions on extreme weather...
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EN: The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate simultaneity or a causal/proportional connection, meaning 'while' or 'at the same time that'. In news headlines, it efficiently connects two related occurrences.
Oil prices surged as international tensions escalated.
EN: The verb pattern 'link [something] to [something]' expresses a causal or logical association between two entities, concepts, or events.
Researchers have linked sleep deprivation to an increased risk of heart disease.
EN: Present participle as an adjective: 'Accelerating' modifies 'Climate Crisis', functioning as a dynamic adjective that highlights an ongoing, intensifying process.
We must adapt to the accelerating pace of technological change.
EN: English news headlines frequently omit function words (articles, auxiliary verbs) and use simple present tense (e.g., 'Ravages', 'Link') to convey immediacy and urgency, even when describing recent or ongoing real-world events.
EN: The past participle phrase 'intensified by the climate crisis' functions as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which has been intensified by...') that modifies the main subject 'Extreme weather'.
The damages caused by the hurricane will cost millions to repair.
EN: The present participle clause 'prompting renewed calls...' acts as an adverbial participle clause expressing a result or consequence of the main clause action.
The factory closed down unexpectedly, leaving hundreds of workers unemployed.
EN: The correlation structure 'from [A] to [B]' is used here to illustrate a wide range or spectrum of examples, showing the extensive scope of the extreme weather events.
From small local businesses to multinational corporations, every sector has been impacted by the economic crisis.
EN: Present participle phrases ('fuelling...' and 'ravaging...') act as reduced relative clauses (adjective phrases) modifying the nouns preceding them ('heatwaves' and 'flooding').
The heavy rain pouring down from the sky caused severe waterlogging in the city center.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'not... but rather...' is used to negate a previous statement and strongly emphasize the correct alternative.
The decline in sales was not a result of bad publicity, but rather a reflection of changing market demands.
EN: In climate science communications, the terminology has shifted from simply stating that weather is 'unusual' to explicitly connecting specific extreme events to climate change using 'attribution studies'. Phrasing like 'no longer anomalies' reflects the scientific consensus that climate-driven disasters are becoming the new normal globally.
EN: The object complement structure 'make + object + adjective' is used here to indicate a result of a change. Advanced modifiers like 'X times more likely' act as complex adjectival phrases functioning as the complement.
Rapid urban development has made affordable housing increasingly scarce in major metropolitan areas.
EN: The present participle phrase 'stoking wildfires' acts as a reduced relative clause (which are stoking wildfires), directly modifying the noun phrase 'the hot, dry, and windy conditions'.
The government released a new policy targeting companies polluting local waterways.
EN: Comparative parallelism combined with elliptical structure: 'and twice as likely in France' omits the repeated phrase 'global warming made the conditions' to avoid redundancy in formal academic writing.
The treatment proved highly effective in young patients and equally successful in older adults.
EN: 'Attribution studies' refer to 'Extreme Event Attribution', a relatively modern branch of climate science that uses computational models to quantify how much human-induced climate change has altered the probability or intensity of specific extreme weather events.
EN: The present participle (verb-ing) clause 'potentially making...' functions as an adverbial clause of result, indicating a natural consequence or secondary effect of the main action.
Heavy rains continued for three days, eventually causing severe flooding across the region.
EN: The structure 'make + object + noun phrase/adjective' is used to express causing someone or something to become or be perceived as a particular thing or state.
His innovative design made the product a huge commercial success.
EN: The past participle 'burned' functions as a post-modifier (participle adjective) modifying the noun 'land', equivalent to a reduced relative clause ('land that was burned').
The total volume of goods imported increased significantly last quarter.
EN: In recent years, the European Union has faced increasingly prolonged Mediterranean wildfire seasons due to climate change. Historically, wildfire risks peaked in mid-to-late summer (July–August). Extending the fire warning period until 'early November' reflects a disturbing shifting standard in regional climate patterns.
EN: The inverted conditional structure 'Were it not for...' is a formal, hypothetical structure used to express 'if it were not for'. It omits 'if' and flips the subject and the verb 'were'. In past counterfactual contexts, 'Were it not for' refers to present or general hypothetical situations, while 'Had it not been for' refers to past hypothetical situations.
Were it not for your ongoing support, our team could not achieve such remarkable results.
EN: The modal clause 'would undoubtedly have been' combines a conditional third modal ('would have + past participle') with an adverb of certainty ('undoubtedly'). It expresses a high-degree counterfactual deduction about a past event.
Without early warning systems, the damage would undoubtedly have been much worse.
EN: The present participle clause ('triggering...') functions as an adverbial clause of result, describing an immediate action or consequence that naturally flows from the main verb ('batter').
The typhoon struck the coastal region, leaving thousands of households without electricity.
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used here to contrast two simultaneous actions or situations occurring in different locations.
Western provinces suffer from severe drought, while eastern regions face continuous flooding.
EN: The verb 'oscillate between A and B' literally means to swing back and forth, but in this context, it metaphorically describes shifting repeatedly between two extreme conditions.
The local climate oscillates between scorching hot days and freezing cold nights.
EN: In recent years, East and Southeast Asia have increasingly experienced the compound impacts of climate change, where regions alternate rapidly between extreme droughts/heatwaves and torrential monsoonal downpours, a phenomenon climate scientists refer to as 'climate whiplash'.
EN: Apposition occurs when two noun phrases are placed side by side, where one identifies or provides extra information about the other. Here, 'Jonathan Watts and Ajit Niranjan' is an appositive renaming 'The Guardian's environment correspondents'.
The company's CEO, Sarah Jenkins, announced the breakthrough at the press conference.
EN: The phrasal verb 'culminate in' means to reach a final climax, highest point, or decisive result. It is often used to describe a long process or accumulation leading to a specific outcome.
Years of tension between the two nations eventually culminated in a major diplomatic crisis.
EN: In news reporting and academic register, verbs of attribution like 'argue', 'assert', or 'claim' followed by a 'that'-clause are used to present reported speech or assertions neutrally while indicating the source's stance.
Researchers argue that early intervention can significantly reduce long-term health risks.
EN: 'The Guardian' is a major British daily newspaper known globally for its investigative journalism and environmental reporting. Its climate coverage often challenges conventional economic models, such as the unchecked pursuit of GDP growth, linking them to global ecological crises.
EN: Negative inversion: When a sentence begins with a negative or limiting adverbial phrase like 'Not only', the auxiliary verb or modal verb is placed before the subject, creating an inverted word order in the clause.
Not only did the team win the championship, but they also set a new national record.
EN: Parallel construction with 'Not only... but (also)': Correlative conjunction used to emphasize two related items or clauses, requiring balanced grammatical structures after each element.
The report not only highlights current risks but also proposes actionable solutions.
EN: Causative structure with 'render + object + adjective': The verb 'render' is used in formal registers to mean 'cause someone or something to be in a particular condition', taking a direct object followed by an adjectival object complement.
The sudden frost rendered the roads extremely hazardous for drivers.
EN: This sentence uses a reduced participle clause ('When asked...') where the subject 'they' and auxiliary verb 'were' are omitted because the main clause subject ('the correspondents') is the same as the implied subject of the passive participle. This is a common feature of advanced English news writing to create concise sentences.
When forced to choose between the two options, the committee deferred the decision.
EN: The embedded question 'how alarmed the public should be' functions as the direct object of the implicit verb 'asked'. Notice that the word order follows standard declarative sentence structure (Subject + Verb) rather than interrogative inversion.
She explained how complex the situation had become.
EN: The subject complement structure 'how alarmed [predicative adjective] the public [subject] should be [linking verb]' places the adjective 'alarmed' immediately after the degree adverb 'how' for emphasis within the noun clause.
It is remarkable how resilient the local ecosystem remains.
EN: In Western media coverage, particularly broadsheets like The Guardian, environmental journalists often avoid sensationalism by offering a 'nuanced perspective'. This involves contextualizing raw statistical mortality against wider systemic risks (such as comparing direct wildfire casualties with hidden heatwave deaths).
EN: The idiom 'in the bluntest of terms' (or 'in simple terms / in plain terms') uses a superlative adjective inside a prepositional phrase to signal that the speaker is presenting a fact or opinion directly, candidly, and without sugarcoating.
In the bluntest of terms, the company will go bankrupt if we do not cut costs immediately.
EN: The past participle phrase 'compared to...' functions as a reduced adverbial modifier showing contrast between the main clause subject ('wildfires') and the comparative categories ('floods', 'heatwaves'). The preposition 'from' indicates the cause of death.
The new laptop uses very little energy compared to older models.
EN: The adverb 'surprisingly' modifies the sentence element 'few people' to indicate that the count contradicts common expectation or intuition.
Despite the harsh weather, surprisingly few flights were canceled today.
EN: Public perception of disaster threat often favors highly visual events like wildfires over less dramatic but far deadlier silent killers like extreme heat. Climate communicators frequently highlight these stark statistical contrasts to shift environmental policy priorities toward heat mitigation and flood infrastructure.
EN: The expression 'to find + object + participle/complement' is used to describe an unexpected or dramatic discovery upon arriving somewhere or after an action.
She opened the door only to find her apartment flooded with water.
EN: The idiom 'reduced to ashes' means completely destroyed by fire. The passive pattern 'reduce something to ashes' is frequently used in formal news reporting.
The historic church was reduced to ashes overnight by the fierce wildfire.
EN: The word 'scant' acts as an adjective meaning 'barely sufficient' or 'almost none'. It frequently collocates with abstract nouns like 'comfort', 'attention', or 'respect'.
His vague apology provided scant comfort to the victims of the accident.
EN: Inversion in first conditional clauses. 'Should' can replace 'If' at the beginning of a conditional clause to express a hypothetical situation, making the tone more formal and literary. The word order is changed to 'Should + subject + base verb'.
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EN: Parallel structure using noun phrases joined by 'and'. Combining 'the frequency' and 'severity' under a single determiner 'the' creates a concise and cohesive subject phrase suitable for academic and formal journalistic registers.
The speed and accuracy of the new system significantly improved productivity.
EN: The prepositional time phrase 'in the decades ahead' is used to refer to a continuous period or future timeframe, synonymous with 'in the coming decades'.
Technological advancements will reshape the job market in the years ahead.
EN: In climate discourse, phrases such as 'inevitably escalate' and conditional inversions like 'Should governments fail...' reflect the serious, urgent register used by scientific communities and major news organizations (e.g., The Guardian) to spur immediate political action.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: sedikit; tidak mencukupi
Dalam konteks: (keadaan) semakin teruk, bertambah buruk atau meningkat
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
A scientific analysis evaluating how much human-induced climate change influenced the likelihood or intensity of a specific extreme weather event.
Kajian atribusi iklim
To completely destroy something by fire.
Menjadi abu; hangus terbakar
An extremely heavy rainstorm.
Hujan lebat; hujan mencurah-curah
A wild land fire that occurs on a scale or intensity never experienced before.
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