IELTS 雅思 聽力原創模擬試題 8

A: Good morning, thank you for calling HomeShield Services. My name is Aisha. How can I help you today? B: Hello, Aisha. I'd like to book a repair for an appliance under my service plan. My name is Tomas Pekarek — that's T-O-M-A-S, and the surname is spelled P-E-K-A-R-E-K. A: Thank you, Mr Pekarek. Let me pull up your account on our system. Do you happen to have your policy number handy? B: Yes, it's TX-8422... oh, sorry, I read the wrong line on my membership card. It's actually TX-8412. A: No problem. Let me read that back to confirm: T-X-8-4-1-2. Is that correct? B: Yes, that's it. And the appliance that needs fixing is my washing machine. It was working fine yesterday, but now it has a problem. A: I see. And what exactly is the fault you are experiencing? B: Well, at first I thought it was just noisy during the spin cycle, but this morning I noticed water is leaking from the bottom. A: Oh dear, that does sound like it needs looking at. We'll need to schedule a technician to visit. Let me check the schedule... I have an opening this Wednesday morning... oh, wait, that slot's just been booked. The earliest available now is Thursday afternoon. Does that work for you? B: Thursday is fine, I can work from home that day. What about the repair cost? Is it covered under my plan? A: Yes, your basic plan covers both parts and labour. However, please note there is a standard call-out fee of thirty-five pounds which you'll need to pay. B: Okay, that's reasonable. Do I need to prepare anything, and where should the technician park? A: Please make sure you empty the machine's drum before they arrive. You don't need to unplug it from the wall, and don't worry about cleaning up the floor. For parking, please don't use the visitor bays or park on the main road; they should park in your driveway. Also, when they arrive, you must show them some photo ID and a utility bill. B: Got it. Driveway parking, empty drum, photo ID and a utility bill. Thank you, Aisha! A: You're very welcome, Tomas. We'll see you on Thursday. Have a great day! [Q1] Surname: ________

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A：您好，感謝您致電 HomeShield 服務中心。我的名字是 Aisha。今天有什麼我可以幫忙的嗎？ B：哈囉，Aisha。我想預約維修合約方案內的一件家電。我的名字是 Tomas Pekarek——名字是 T-O-M-A-S，姓氏的拼寫是 P-E-K-A-R-E-K。 A：好的，Pekarek 先生。讓我從系統中調出您的帳戶資料。您手邊剛好有保單號碼嗎？ B：有的，是 TX-8422... 喔，抱歉，我看錯會員卡上的那一行了。實際上是 TX-8412。 A：沒問題。我重複一遍跟您確認：T-X-8-4-1-2。這樣對嗎？ B：是的，沒錯。需要維修的家電是我的洗衣機。昨天還好好的，但今天出了點問題。 A：了解。那具體來說是什麼樣的故障呢？ B：嗯，起初我以為只是在脫水運轉時噪音比較大，但今天早上我發現底部在漏水。 A：天啊，這聽起來確實需要檢查一下。我們需要安排技術人員過去。讓我看一下日程表... 本週三早上有一個空檔... 噢，等等，那個時段剛剛被預約了。目前最快的空檔是週四下午。這時間您可以嗎？ B：週四可以，那天我可以居家上班。那維修費用呢？有包含在我的方案裡嗎？ A：有的，您的基本方案包含零件和人工費用。不過，請注意您需要支付 35 英鎊的標準出勤費。 B：好的，這很合理。我需要準備什麼嗎？另外技術人員應該把車停哪裡？ A：請在他們抵達前，務必將洗衣機的滾筒清空。您不需要拔掉插頭，也不用擔心清理地板。至於停車，請不要使用訪客車位或停在主道路上；他們應該停在您的私人車道。此外，當他們抵達時，您必須出示附有照片的身分證明文件和水電費帳單。 B：明白了。停在私人車道、清空滾筒、照片身分證件和水電費帳單。謝謝妳，Aisha！ A：不客氣，Tomas。我們週四見。祝您有美好的一天！

(Shared with Q1.) [Q2] Policy number: ________

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（與第 1 題共用音檔。） [第 2 題] 保單號碼：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q3] Type of appliance: ________

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（與第 1 題共用）[第 3 題] 電器類型：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q4] Current fault: water is ________ from the bottom

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（與第1題共用）[Q4] 目前故障：水正從底部________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q5] Scheduled day for repair: ________

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 5 題] 預約維修日：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q6] What is covered under Tomas's basic service plan?

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（與第 1 題共用。）[Q6] 托馬斯的基本服務方案包含哪些項目？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q7] How much is the standard call-out fee?

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（與第 1 題共用。）[Q7] 標準出勤費是多少錢？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q8] What must Tomas do before the technician arrives?

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 8 題] 在技術人員抵達之前，Tomas 必須先做什麼？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q9] Where is the technician advised to park their vehicle?

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（與第 1 題共用）[第 9 題] 建議技術人員將車輛停放在哪裡？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q10] Which TWO items of documentation must Tomas show the technician?

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 10 題] Tomas 必須向技術人員出示哪兩項證明文件？

Hello everyone, and a very warm welcome to the Greenwood Eco-Hub. My name is Tomas, and I’ll be guiding you around our community garden today. Before we start exploring, let me help you get your bearings using the map on your brochures. We are currently standing at the main entrance gates on the south side of the garden, with the central pathway stretching directly ahead of us to the north. As you step through these gates, on your immediate right, you'll see a wooden building. This is our Demonstration Kitchen, where we host popular weekend cooking workshops using freshly harvested crops. On the left side of the path, directly opposite the kitchen, there's a smaller wooden shed. Now, we initially planned to store our seed collection here, but we realized we needed a secure place for our gear, so this is actually our Tool Shed, where volunteers can borrow gardening equipment. If you continue straight up the central path, you'll reach a main junction. Turning left at this junction and following the path all the way to the far western corner leads you to the Rainwater Harvesting Station. It sits right next to the boundary wall, catching water from the roof of the greenhouse which is situated just to its right. Now, returning to the junction, if you take the eastern path instead, you'll see a large fenced area on your left. This is the Children's Play Area, which keeps the younger ones safe and occupied while their parents are gardening. Finally, at the very end of this eastern path, tucked away in the far north-east corner, is our Indoor Propagation Room. We did contemplate putting our Compost Depot in that quiet corner, but we decided it was much more practical to have the compost closer to the main planting beds along the central path. So, yes, that northeast corner is where we protect our delicate young seedlings. Now, let me share a few details about how you can get involved. Our standard annual membership is highly popular. For just twenty dollars a year, you get full access to our tools and resources, and you receive a fifteen percent discount on all our weekend workshops. Unfortunately, we can't offer free seed packets anymore due to budget cuts, and our complimentary soil testing is limited to once a year rather than being unlimited, but the workshop discount alone makes it incredibly worthwhile. If you'd like to help out as a volunteer, we run work bees every Saturday morning from nine to twelve. We always have plenty of weeding to do, but this Saturday we are focusing on repairing the raised timber beds, which have started to rot. We had scheduled a session to paint the main boundary fence, but because of the heavy rain forecast, we've had to postpone that until next month. To sign up for any of these sessions or workshops, please don't look at our old social media page, as we haven't updated it in months. You can write your name down on the physical clipboard in the volunteers' lounge, but the most reliable and up-to-date schedule is always posted on our official website, where you can also reserve your spot online. When you do come along to garden with us, please remember a few house rules. While we encourage everyone to taste the fresh herbs, please do not pick any fruit or vegetables on your own, even if they look completely ripe. Only our designated garden leaders are authorized to harvest the main crops, which we then distribute at our Sunday markets. Lastly, regarding what to bring: we supply all the spades and hand tools you will need, and we have large bottles of sunscreen by the gate for everyone to use. However, for hygiene reasons, we do not provide gardening gloves, so please ensure you bring your own pair. Also, while we have drinking water taps, we don't supply paper cups, so a reusable water bottle is essential to keep yourself hydrated. Right, let's head down the path and take a closer look! [Q11] Position 1 — On the immediate right as you enter the main gates

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大家好，非常歡迎來到格林伍德生態中心（Greenwood Eco-Hub）。我是托馬斯（Tomas），今天將由我帶領大家參觀我們的社區花園。在我們開始探索之前，讓我先用你們手冊上的地圖，幫大家確認一下方位。我們目前正站在花園南側的大門口，中央步道就在我們正前方往北延伸。當你走進大門時，右手邊會立刻看到一棟木造建築。這就是我們的「示範廚房」（Demonstration Kitchen），我們在這裡利用現採的農作物舉辦熱門的週末烹飪工作坊。在步道的左側，也就是廚房的正對面，有一個比較小的木棚。原本我們計劃在這裡存放收集的種子，但後來發現我們需要一個安全的地方來存放裝備，所以這裡實際上是我們的「工具棚」（Tool Shed），志工可以在這裡借用園藝工具。如果你沿著中央步道繼續直走，就會到達一個主要的十字路口。在這個路口左轉，沿著步道一直走到最西邊的角落，就會看到「雨水收集站」（Rainwater Harvesting Station）。它緊鄰著圍牆，用來收集右側溫室屋頂流下來的雨水。現在回到十字路口，如果你改走東側的步道，會看到左手邊有一個很大的圍欄區域。這是「兒童遊戲區」（Children's Play Area），可以讓小朋友在父母忙於園藝時，安全地在那裡玩耍。最後，在東側步道的盡頭，也就是最隱密的東北角，是我們的「室內繁殖室」（Indoor Propagation Room）。我們確實曾考慮過把「堆肥站」（Compost Depot）設在那個安靜的角落，但後來覺得把堆肥放在靠近中央步道旁的主要種植床會實用得多。所以，沒錯，那個東北角就是我們保護脆弱幼苗的地方。 現在，讓我跟大家分享一些如何參與的細節。我們的標準年度會員資格非常受歡迎。每年只需 20 美元，您就可以完全使用我們的工具和資源，並在所有週末工作坊中享有 15%（八五折）的優惠。遺憾的是，由於預算縮減，我們無法再提供免費的種子包，而免費的土壤檢測也限制為一年一次，而非無限次，但光是工作坊的折扣就已經非常划算了。如果您想以志工身份幫忙，我們每個星期六早上 9 點到 12 點都會舉辦志工勞動日（work bees）。我們總是有除不完的草，但本週六我們的重點是修復已經開始腐爛的高架木床。我們本來安排了粉刷主要外圍籬笆的時間，但因為預報有暴雨，我們不得不延期到下個月。若要報名任何活動或工作坊，請不要查看我們舊的社群媒體頁面，因為我們已經幾個月沒有更新了。您可以在志工休息室的實體剪貼板上寫下您的名字，但最可靠且最新的時程表一律會公佈在我們的官方網站上，您也可以在網站上進行線上預約。 當您來和我們一起進行園藝時，請記住幾項場地守則。雖然我們鼓勵大家品嚐新鮮香草，但請不要自行採摘任何蔬菜或水果，即使它們看起來已經完全成熟。只有我們指定的園藝領隊才有權採收主要作物，之後我們會在週日市集上分發這些作物。最後，關於攜帶物品：我們會提供您需要的所有鏟子和手工具，大門旁也有大瓶的防曬乳供大家使用。然而，出於衛生考量，我們不提供園藝手套，所以請務必自行攜帶。此外，雖然我們有飲用水龍頭，但不提供紙杯，因此環保水瓶是保持水分所必需的。好了，讓我們沿著步道出發，近距離瞧瞧吧！

(Shared with Q11.) [Q12] Position 2 — On the left of the path, directly opposite the kitchen

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（與第 11 題共用）[Q12] 位置 2 — 位於步道左側，就在廚房正對面

(Shared with Q11.) [Q13] Position 3 — In the far western corner, to the left of the greenhouse

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（與第 11 題共用音檔。）[第 13 題] 位置 3 — 在最西邊的角落，溫室的左側

(Shared with Q11.) [Q14] Position 4 — The fenced area along the left side of the eastern path

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（與第 11 題共用音檔。）[第 14 題] 位置 4 — 東側步道左側的有圍欄區域

(Shared with Q11.) [Q15] Position 5 — Tucked away in the far north-east corner

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 15 題] 位置 5 — 隱密地坐落在最東北角

(Shared with Q11.) [Q16] What is a benefit of the standard annual membership?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 16 題] 標準年度會員享有什麼福利？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q17] What is the main volunteering task scheduled for this Saturday?

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（與第 11 題共用）[Q17] 本週六安排的主要志工任務是什麼？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q18] How should visitors find the most up-to-date workshop schedule?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 18 題] 訪客該如何查詢最新版的工作坊時間表？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q19] What is the rule regarding harvesting crops in the garden?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 19 題] 關於在花園中採收作物的規定是什麼？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q20] Which TWO items are visitors asked to bring themselves when attending a gardening session?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 20 題] 參加園藝活動時，訪客會被要求自行攜帶哪兩樣物品？

A: Good morning, Tomas. Come on in. I've had a look through the draft report on your seed germination experiment, the one with the organic compost mixtures. B: Thanks, Dr. Ingrid. I was a bit anxious about the results section, actually. I hope the data on the soil blends made sense. A: It did, mostly. Your methodology was solid, but we need to refine how you present the findings and plan the next steps. Let’s look at the feedback on the five specific chapters first, shall we? I've made some notes on what to change, what to keep, and what to cut. B: Great. Let's start with the Literature Review. I thought I might need to expand that section with more recent studies on seedling growth. A: Actually, no, it's already quite long. In fact, you've over-explained the basic chemical processes of compost. You should condense that part significantly. Keep the citations of course, but don't go into detail about every single chemical reaction. B: Oh, okay. I'll trim down the chemistry details then. What about the Methodology chapter? I wasn't sure if the description of the temperature controls was clear enough. I initially wrote about the automated greenhouse system, but then I simplified it. A: The temperature details are perfect as they are. But the section on your soil mixture ratios is a bit confusing. You've used percentages in some paragraphs and ratios in others. You need to make sure the measurements are consistent throughout. Stick to just ratios. B: Right, consistency is key. I'll rewrite that so it's all ratios. And for the Results section? I made those three-dimensional bar charts... I thought they looked quite professional. A: Well, they look fancy, but they are actually quite hard to read. A simple two-dimensional line graph would show the daily growth rate much more clearly. Let's change those charts entirely. B: That makes sense. Simpler is better. And the Discussion chapter? I tried to compare my results with the 2018 study by Miller. A: Yes, that comparison was excellent and highly relevant. Don't touch that part. But you did suggest some very ambitious theories about global agricultural trends based on just twenty seedlings. That's a bit of a stretch! You must remove those sweeping generalizations and keep the discussion focused strictly on your local data. B: Ah, yes, I got a bit carried away there. I'll delete the global claims. Lastly, the Conclusion and future work section. I suggested doing a field trial next semester. A: A field trial is a brilliant idea, and your outline of how to set that up is spot on. Keep that exactly as it is. It really shows you're thinking like a researcher. B: Fantastic, I'm glad that part worked. Now, looking at the project as a whole, what should be my main priority for the final revision? I mean, apart from editing those sections. A: Well, your overall academic writing style is good, but you need to be careful with your terminology. You kept using the term 'growth rate' when you actually measured 'total height'. That's a fundamental distinction in plant biology, you see. B: Oh, of course! Rate implies height over time, but I only measured the final... oh, wait, I did record weekly changes, but yes, you're right, my calculations were only for the final height on day fourteen. I'll correct that term throughout. A: It’s a common oversight. Also, regarding the layout of the appendix—you've put the raw data tables in a separate document. Let's make sure they are attached directly at the very end of your main report, not sent as an email attachment. B: Got it. I'll merge them into the appendix of the main file. Thank you, Dr. Ingrid. This gives me a clear checklist to work with. [Q21] Literature Review

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A：早安，Tomas。進來吧。我已經看過你關於有機堆肥混合物種子發芽實驗的報告草稿了。 B：謝謝您，Ingrid 教授。其實我對結果部分有點焦慮。希望關於土壤混合物的數據講得通。 A：大部分都沒問題。你的研究方法很紮實，但我們需要調整你呈現研究結果的方式，並規劃接下來的步驟。我們先來看看針對這五個特定章節的反饋吧？我做了一些筆記，指出哪些需要修改、哪些保留、哪些刪除。 B：太好了。我們先從「文獻探討」開始。我本來以為可能需要引用更多近期關於幼苗生長的研究來擴充這個部分。 A：其實不用，這部分已經夠長了。事實上，你對堆肥的基本化學過程解釋得太多了。你應該大幅精簡那部分（"condense that part significantly"）。引用文獻當然要保留，但不需要詳細說明每一個化學反應。 B：喔，好的。那我就刪減一些化學細節。那「研究方法」章節呢？我不確定關於溫度控制的描述是否夠清楚。我起初寫了自動化溫室系統，但後來把它簡化了。 A：溫度的細節這樣很完美。但你關於土壤混合比例的部分有點混亂。你在某些段落用了百分比，在其他段落又用了比例。你需要確保整篇報告的測量單位一致。統一用比例就好。 B：沒錯，一致性是關鍵。我會重寫那部分，全部改成比例。那「研究結果」部分呢？我做了那些立體直條圖……我覺得看起來挺專業的。 A：編，它們看起來很花俏，但實際上很難閱讀。簡單的二維折線圖就能更清晰地呈現每日生長率。我們把這些圖表整個換掉吧。 B：有道理。簡單就是美。那「討論」章節呢？我試著把我的結果與 Miller 在 2018 年的研究進行比較。 A：沒錯，那個比較非常出色且高度相關。那部分不要動。但你只根據二十株幼苗，就提出了一些關於全球農業趨勢的宏大理論。這有點太誇張了！你必須刪除那些以偏概全的推論，讓討論嚴格聚焦在你的在地數據上。 B：啊，是的，我有點得意忘形了。我會刪除那些全球性的宣稱。最後是「結論與未來工作」部分。我建議下學期進行田野試驗。 A：田野試驗是個極佳的主意，而且你對如何規劃該試驗的綱要非常精準。原封不動地保留它。這確實展現了你像個研究人員一樣在思考。 B：太棒了，很高興那部分有用。現在，就整個專題來看，我最終修改的首要任務應該是什麼？我是指，除了修改那些章節之外。 A：嗯，你的整體學術寫作風格很好，但你需要注意專業術語的使用。你一直使用「生長率」這個詞，但你實際測量的是「總高度」。這在植物生物學中是有本質區別的。 B：噢，當然！速率意味著高度隨時間的變化，但我只測量了最終……噢等等，我確實記錄了每週的變化，但沒錯，您說得對，我的計算只針對第十四天的最終高度。我會修正整篇報告中的那個術語。 A：這是常見的疏忽。另外，關於附錄的排版——你把原始數據表放在一個單獨的文件中。我們必須確保它們直接附在主報告的最後，而不是作為電子郵件附件發送。 B：知道了。我會把它們併入主文件的附錄中。謝謝您，Ingrid 教授。這給了我一個清晰的核對清單。

(Shared with Q21.) [Q22] Methodology

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（與第 21 題共用。）[第 22 題] 研究方法

(Shared with Q21.) [Q23] Results

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（與第 21 題共用。）[第 23 題] 結果

(Shared with Q21.) [Q24] Discussion

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（與第 21 題共用）[Q24] 討論

(Shared with Q21.) [Q25] Conclusion and Future Work

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（與第 21 題共用。）[第 25 題] 結論與未來展望

(Shared with Q21.) [Q26] What error did Tomas make regarding biological terminology in his report?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用）[第 26 題] 湯瑪斯（Tomas）在報告中犯了什麼生物學術語上的錯誤？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q27] Where does Dr. Ingrid suggest placing the raw data tables?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 27 題] Ingrid 博士建議將原始數據表格放在哪裡？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q28] What was Tomas's initial concern about the Methodology section?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）［第 28 題］湯瑪斯（Tomas）最初對「研究方法」（Methodology）部分有何顧慮？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q29] Why does Dr. Ingrid criticize Tomas's 3D bar charts in the Results section?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 29 題] 為什麼英格麗博士會批評湯瑪斯在「結果」部分所使用的 3D 柱狀圖？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q30] Which TWO aspects of Tomas's draft report does Dr. Ingrid praise?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 30 題] 英格麗特博士（Dr. Ingrid）讚許了托馬斯（Tomas）報告草稿中的哪兩個部分？

Good afternoon, everyone. Today we're exploring a seemingly mundane element of our urban landscape: the public bench. Originally, municipal authorities didn't install these benches in parks merely as convenient spots to catch one's breath. Rather, they saw them as tools of social reform, aiming to offer wholesome open-air recreation that might lure working-class families away from local drinking establishments. Now, historical accounts often claim these heavy, standardized benches made their debut in London's royal parks in 1855. But in fact, that trial actually took place in Paris in 1855, and it wasn't until three years later, in 1858, that London officially integrated them into its own green spaces. With the rise of industrial foundries, cast-iron ends became the norm; this wasn't just about durability or making repairs cheaper—which actually remained quite costly—but about civic identity, as foundries cast elaborate municipal crests and local symbols directly into the metal frames. In recent decades, however, we’ve witnessed the rise of what urban planners call 'defensive architecture'—think of center armrests or severely sloped seats. Proponents claim these prevent anti-social behavior, but in my view, by actively deterring marginalized groups from resting, such modifications fundamentally strip these spaces of their democratic and inclusive purpose. Interestingly, a recent environmental psychology study examined how bench orientation affects user experience. Benches facing a bustling walking path, rather than a quiet garden bed, were highly preferred; because instead of feeling exposed, users reported a strong sense of security, deriving comfort from the passive observation of passing crowds—what we call 'people-watching'. During a landmark observational study in Williamson Square, researchers noted several intriguing behavioral patterns: they found that solitary sitters almost invariably claim the absolute ends of an empty bench, leaving the middle unoccupied as a buffer, and they also observed that people adjusted their seating angles throughout the day, shifting their bodies to follow or avoid direct sunlight. Now, let's turn our attention to how bench design has mirrored changing societal values across different periods. During the mid-twentieth century, municipal design shifted toward utilitarianism; cities favored heavy, brutalist benches constructed from poured concrete and plain steel plates, prioritizing low maintenance above all else. In stark contrast, the late twentieth century saw the emergence of the Scandinavian cooperative style, which arranged seats in circular clusters rather than straight lines, specifically to foster community interaction and face-to-face dialogue. Fast forward to the modern defensive era, and we see the rise of benches featuring sloped seats and multiple metallic dividers, designed to restrict how people can sit or lie down. Fortunately, the latest trend is far more welcoming: the contemporary eco-design movement, where designers utilize recycled, locally-sourced timber to create organic forms that harmonize with nature, proving that sustainability and social comfort can go hand in hand. [Q31] Why were public benches first introduced on a large scale in mid-19th century European parks?

中文翻譯

大家下午好。今天我們要探討一個看似平凡的都市景觀元素：公共長椅。最初，市政當局在公園裡裝設這些長椅，並不單純是為了提供一個歇腳的便利場所。相反地，他們將其視為社會改革的工具，旨在提供有益身心的戶外消遣，希望能藉此吸引工人階級家庭遠離當地的飲酒場所。歷史記載常指出，這些沉重且標準化的長椅於 1855 年首次在倫敦的皇家公園亮相。但事實上，那次試辦其實是於 1855 年在巴黎舉行，而倫敦直到三年後的 1858 年才正式將長椅融入當地的綠地中。隨著工業鑄造廠的興起，鑄鐵椅腳成為標準配備；這不僅是為了耐用或降低維修成本（實際上維修費用依然相當高昂），更是為了展現城市認同，因為鑄造廠會直接在金屬框架上鑄刻精緻的市政徽章和地方象徵。然而，近幾十年來，我們見證了都市規劃者所謂的「防禦性建築」興起——例如中間的扶手或極度傾斜的椅面。支持者聲稱這些設計能防止反社會行為，但在我看來，這種改造積極地阻礙了弱勢族群在此休息，從根本上剝奪了這些空間的民主與包容宗旨。有趣的是，最近一項環境心理學研究探討了長椅的朝向如何影響使用者體驗。相較於面向安靜花圃的長椅，面向繁華步道的長椅更受青睞；因為使用者非但不會感到暴露，反而報告了強烈的安全感，並從被動觀察來往人群（也就是我們所說的「觀察路人」）中獲得慰藉。在威廉森廣場進行的一項具里程碑意義的觀察研究中，研究人員注意到幾個有趣的行為模式：他們發現獨自就座的人幾乎總是會坐在空長椅的最兩端，留出中間作為緩衝空間；他們也觀察到人們整天都在調整坐姿角度，移動身體以追隨或避開陽光直射。現在，讓我們將注意力轉向長椅設計如何反映不同時期不斷變化的社會價值觀。在20世紀中葉，市政設計轉向實用主義；城市偏好使用灌漿混凝土和普通鋼板製成的沉重、粗獷主義長椅，將低維護成本視為首要考量。與此形成鮮明對比的是，20世紀末出現了斯堪地那維亞合作風格，將座位排列成圓形群組而非直線，專門為了促進社區互動和面對面交流。快速躍進到現代的防禦時代，我們看到設有傾斜椅面和多個金屬隔板的長椅興起，旨在限制人們坐下或躺下的方式。幸好，最新的趨勢更具包容性：當代生態設計運動中，設計師利用回收且在地取材的木材，創造出與自然和諧相處的有機形態，證明了永續性與社交舒適度可以並行不悖。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q32] What does the lecturer say about the debut of mass-produced park benches?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 32 題] 講師對於量產公園長椅的首度問世說了什麼？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q33] According to the lecturer, how did the introduction of cast-iron ends affect bench manufacturing?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用）[第 33 題] 根據講師的說法，鑄鐵側架的引入對長椅製造產生了什麼影響？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q34] What is the lecturer's view on modern "defensive design" features on benches?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 34 題] 講者對於長椅上現代「防禦性設計」特徵的看法為何？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q35] A study on bench orientation showed that seats facing a busy pathway...

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 35 題] 一項關於長椅朝向的研究顯示，面向人潮繁忙通道的座位……

(Shared with Q31.) [Q36] Which TWO social behaviors did researchers observe in the Williamson Square bench study?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 36 題] 研究人員在威廉森廣場（Williamson Square）的長椅研究中，觀察到了哪兩種社交行為？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q37] Benches made primarily of recycled, locally-sourced timber.

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[Q37] 主要由回收、在地取材的木材製成的長椅。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q38] Seating arranged in circular clusters to promote community conversation.

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 38 題] 座位採圓形集群配置，以促進社區交流。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q39] Heavy benches constructed from concrete and plain steel plates.

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 39 題] 以混凝土和普通鋼板製成的沉重長椅。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q40] Benches featuring sloped seats and multiple metallic dividers.

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 40 題] 具有傾斜椅面與多個金屬隔板的長椅。