IELTS 雅思 聽力原創模擬試題 7

A: Hello, Student Accommodation Services, Ingrid speaking. How can I help you? B: Hi Ingrid, my name is Tomas. I'm looking for a homestay or shared room for the upcoming academic term. I need to register my enquiry, please. A: Of course! Let me get some details first. Can I have your full name, please? B: Yes, it's Tomas — that's T-O-M-A-S — and my surname is Varga. That's spelled V-A-R-G-A. A: Got it, Tomas Varga. And do you have a student registration number yet? B: Yes, I do. It's 820... wait, sorry, that's my old library card. It's actually 914 3822. A: Let me read that back: 9-1-4, 3-8-2-2. Is that correct? B: Yes, that's the one. I'm looking for somewhere starting on the 12th of September. Or maybe a bit earlier, but let's register it as the 12th. A: Okay, September 12th. Now, we have two main options: a homestay with a local family, or a shared apartment. With the homestay, the weekly rent is £160, and that includes breakfast and dinner. Oh, wait, the rate has gone up slightly to £165 this term. B: Ah, £165 is fine. Is there a deposit for the homestay? A: Yes, it's a flat deposit of £200, which you get back at the end. For the shared apartment, the rent is £140, but you have to buy your own food, and the deposit is £300. Also, with the homestay, there's a house rule: no overnight guests are allowed. In the apartment, guests are permitted but they can't stay more than two nights. B: I think the homestay suits me better because I'd love to practice my English and have meals provided. Does the homestay room have a desk? I need to study a lot. A: Yes, all our homestay rooms have a desk, a wardrobe, and a private study lamp. However, you'll need to share the bathroom. Oh, and you must agree to help with the recycling once a week — it's a household chore they expect. B: That's perfectly fair. I can do that. Is there a garden I can use? A: Yes, the family has a lovely garden, but they have a dog, so you must keep the back gate closed. If you are happy with these, I can draft the agreement. B: That sounds wonderful. Let's go ahead with the homestay, please. [Q1] Surname: ________

中文翻譯

A: 您好，這裡是學生住宿服務部，我是 Ingrid。請問有什麼我可以協助您的嗎？ B: 嗨 Ingrid，我是 Tomas。我正在尋找下個學期的寄宿家庭或合租房。我想登記我的諮詢需求。 A: 好的，沒問題！請先讓我記錄一些個人資料。請問可以給我您的全名嗎？ B: 好的，我的名字是 Tomas（拼音為 T-O-M-A-S），而我的姓氏是 Varga，拼法是 V-A-R-G-A。 A: 好的，Tomas Varga。請問您拿到學生註冊號碼了嗎？ B: 有的。號碼是 820...等等，抱歉，那是我舊的借書證號碼。實際上應該是 914 3822。 A: 讓我複誦一遍：9-1-4，3-8-2-2。這樣對嗎？ B: 對，沒錯。我希望入住時間能從 9 月 12 日開始，或者稍微提早一點也行，但我們先登記 12 日吧。 A: 好的，9 月 12 日。我們目前有兩個主要方案：與當地家庭同住的寄宿家庭，或是合租公寓。寄宿家庭的話，每週租金是 160 英鎊，包含早餐和晚餐。噢，等等，這學期的租金稍微調漲到 165 英鎊了。 B: 啊，165 英鎊可以接受。那寄宿家庭需要押金嗎？ A: 需要，固定押金是 200 英鎊，退房時會退還給您。至於合租公寓，租金是 140 英鎊，但您必須自理伙食，且押金是 300 英鎊。另外，寄宿家庭有一項家規：不允許訪客留宿。合租公寓則允許訪客留宿，但不能超過兩晚。 B: 我覺得寄宿家庭比較適合我，因為我很想練習英文，而且有人提供餐點。請問寄宿家庭的房間有書桌嗎？我需要花很多時間讀書。 A: 有的，我們所有的寄宿家庭房間都配有書桌、衣櫃和專用檯燈。不過，您必須和他人共用衛浴。噢，還有您必須同意每週幫忙做一次資源回收，這是他們期望房客分擔的家事。 B: 這非常合理，沒問題。那裡有花園可以使用嗎？ A: 有的，那個家庭有一個很漂亮的花園，但他們有養狗，所以您必須隨手把後門關好。如果您對這些條件都滿意，我就可以開始擬定合約了。 B: 聽起來太棒了。那我們就登記寄宿家庭吧，謝謝。

(Shared with Q1.) [Q2] Student registration number: ________

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 2 題] 學生註冊號碼：________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q3] Start date: 12th ________

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（與第 1 題共用）[第 3 題] 開始日期：12th ________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q4] Weekly rent for homestay: £________

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 4 題] 寄宿家庭每週租金：£________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q5] Homestay deposit required: £________

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 5 題] 寄宿家庭所需押金：£________

(Shared with Q1.) [Q6] What is a rule for overnight guests in the homestay?

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（與第1題共用。）[Q6] 寄宿家庭對留宿訪客的規定是什麼？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q7] What study facility is specifically mentioned as being in the homestay room?

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（與第 1 題共用。）[第 7 題] 寄宿家庭的房間內特別提到了哪項學習設備？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q8] What chore is Tomas expected to help with weekly?

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（與第 1 題共用。）[Q8] 湯瑪斯每週預計要幫忙做哪項家事？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q9] Why must the back gate of the garden be kept closed?

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為什麼花園的後門必須保持關閉？

(Shared with Q1.) [Q10] Which TWO reasons does Tomas give for choosing the homestay option?

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（與第 1 題共用）[第 10 題] Tomas 選擇寄宿家庭的哪兩個原因？

Hello everyone, and welcome to the Old Orchard Community Plot. My name is Priscilla, and I'm thrilled to see so many volunteers here today for our heritage garden restoration. Before we divide into teams, let me give you a quick layout of the site. As you walk through the main entrance gate, look immediately to your left. You'll find the Tool Shed right there, which is where you can pick up your gloves and spades. Moving along the path, behind the main greenhouse, you'll see a structure adjacent to the wooden fence. Some people think it's the rainwater storage, but we actually use that spot for the Compost Bin to recycle our green waste. If you look up to the far northern corner, right next to the cherry tree, there is a small building. We planned to make this a demonstration hub, but it is currently serving as the Seedling Greenhouse where we keep the delicate young plants warm. Now, in the center of the field, just past the circular pond, you will see a canvas canopy. This is our Refreshment Tent, where you can grab a cup of tea or some water. On the right-hand side of the main path, just before the stone bridge, we have another designated station. We were going to put the rainwater tank there to catch runoff, but we realized it gets the best sunlight, so we've established the Demonstration Area right there instead, where our gardener will show you pruning techniques. Today, our main focus is going to be clearing overgrown weeds from the central pathway so we can make it safe for visitors. Regarding safety footwear, although we have plenty of gardening gloves inside the tool shed, we do not provide safety boots here, so I hope you all brought your own as requested in the email. You'll need to wear them at all times, not just when you are doing heavy digging. Our schedule is slightly different today. Usually, we wrap up the morning session at twelve-thirty, but because of the expected heat this afternoon, we'll finish today's shift at eleven-thirty instead, followed by a quick lunch until twelve. As this is an ancient site, you might find some old pottery or historic fragments in the soil. Please don't clean them or hand them directly to me, as I'll be busy. Instead, just place them carefully into the designated wooden tray on the table near the entrance so we can log them later. Now, as a thank-you for your hard work, we have some gifts. We have some beautiful fresh organic vegetables harvested yesterday, but unfortunately, these are reserved for the local market, so we can't let you take those home today. However, you're welcome to take home some potted herbs from the nursery table. We also have plenty of leftover seeds, but please leave those for next week's planting crew. Instead, we have printed copies of our popular garden design booklets, which you can absolutely take with you. As for the decorative river stones, they must remain here to line the pathways. Alright, let's grab our tools and get started! [Q11] Position 1 — the area immediately on your left as you walk through the main entrance gate

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大家好，歡迎來到老果園社區園圃。我是普莉西拉，很高興今天能看到這麼多志工前來參與我們的歷史花園修復工作。在我們分組之前，讓我先為大家簡單介紹一下這裡的環境配置。當你們走進大門入口時，請立刻看向你們的左手邊。你們會在那裡看到工具棚，那是大家可以領取手套和鏟子的地方。沿著小徑往前走，在主溫室後方，會看到一個緊鄰木圍欄的結構物。有些人以為那是雨水收集桶，但我們實際上是把那裡當作堆肥箱，用來回收我們的有機廢棄物。如果往最北邊的角落看去，就在櫻桃樹旁，有一棟小建築。我們原本計劃將這裡打造成示範中心，但目前它被用作育苗溫室，用來為脆弱的幼苗保溫。現在，在場地的中央，剛穿過圓形池塘的地方，你們會看到一個帆布帳篷。這是我們的茶水供應帳，大家可以在這裡喝杯茶或喝點水。在主路徑的右側，就在石橋的正前方，我們設有另一個指定區域。我們本來想在那裡放置雨水收集桶來收集雨水，但後來發現那裡的日照最好，所以改在那裡設立了示範區，我們的園丁會在那裡向大家示範修剪枝條的技巧。今天，我們的首要任務是清除中央走道上過度生長的雜草，好讓訪客能安全通行。關於安全鞋，雖然工具棚裡有充足的園藝手套，但我們現場不提供安全靴，希望大家都有按照電子郵件的要求自行準備。除了進行重度挖掘外，大家也必須全程穿著安全鞋。我們今天的行程稍微有些不同。通常我們在十二點半結束早上的工作，但因為預計今天下午會很炎熱，所以我們今天的早班將提前在十一點半結束，接著是到十二點為止的簡短午餐時間。由於這是一個古老的遺址，你們可能會在泥土中發現一些古老的陶器或歷史碎片。請不要清洗它們，也不要直接遞給我，因為我會很忙。相反地，請小心地將它們放入靠近入口處桌子上的指定木托盤中，以便我們稍後進行登記。現在，為了感謝大家的辛勞，我們準備了一些禮物。我們有昨天採收的新鮮有機蔬菜，但遺憾的是，這些是要保留給當地市場的，所以今天不能讓大家帶回家。不過，歡迎大家從育苗桌上帶一些盆栽香草回家。我們也有很多剩餘的種子，但請留給下週的種植小組。相反地，我們有印製熱門的花園設計手冊，這些你們絕對可以帶走。至於裝飾用的鵝卵石，則必須留下來用來鋪設步道。好了，讓我們拿好工具，開始工作吧！

(Shared with Q11.) [Q12] Position 2 — the structure situated directly behind the main greenhouse, adjacent to the wooden fence

中文翻譯

（與第 11 題共用音檔。）[第 12 題] 位置 2 — 位於主溫室正後方、緊鄰木籬笆的建築

(Shared with Q11.) [Q13] Position 3 — the small building located at the far northern corner, next to the cherry tree

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（與第 11 題共用）[第 13 題] 位置 3 — 位於最北端角落、櫻花樹旁的小型建築

(Shared with Q11.) [Q14] Position 4 — the tent positioned in the center of the field, just past the circular pond

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（與第 11 題共用音檔）[第 14 題] 位置 4 — 位於場地中央、剛過圓形池塘的帳篷

(Shared with Q11.) [Q15] Position 5 — the station set up on the right-hand side of the main path, before you reach the stone bridge

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（與第 11 題共用）[Q15] 位置 5 — 在抵達石橋前，設置於主路徑右側的站點

(Shared with Q11.) [Q16] What is the main task for volunteers this morning?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 16 題] 今天早上志工的主要任務是什麼？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q17] What does Priscilla say about safety boots?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 17 題] 關於安全靴，Priscilla 說了什麼？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q18] At what time will the morning shift end today?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 18 題] 今天的早班將在幾點結束？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q19] What should volunteers do with any historic artifacts they dig up?

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（與第 11 題共用。）[第 19 題] 志工應該如何處理他們所挖掘出的任何歷史文物？

(Shared with Q11.) [Q20] Which TWO items are volunteers permitted to take home at the end of the day?

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（與第 11 題共用。）［第 20 題］志工在當天結束時，准許帶哪兩樣物品回家？

A: Hello, Tariq. Come in and take a seat. Let's look at your elective options for the second term of the Environmental Planning master's. You need to narrow down your choices. First up is the module on 'Green Infrastructure'. B: Thanks, Dr. Ingrid. Honestly, I initially thought about skipping 'Green Infrastructure' because I did something similar in my undergrad degree and wanted to focus on new areas. But looking closely at the syllabus, it covers rooftop gardens and urban canopies, which I've actually never studied. So, yeah, I'll definitely sign up for that one. A: I think that's a wise choice. Now, what about 'Traffic Management'? It focuses on public transit design and pedestrian zoning. B: I'm extremely keen on that, but there's a catch: the lectures clash with my core seminar on Thursday mornings. I heard they might offer an alternative afternoon session, though. If they do, I'll register immediately, but if not, I'll have to pass. I need to double-check the timetable before making it official. A: Good idea. What about 'Renewable Energy Systems'? It's highly quantitative, but very popular. B: My math background is quite weak, so I know I'd struggle with the calculations in the final exam. I still want to learn the concepts, though. Would it be possible to just sit in on the lectures and audit the course? That way, I won't have to worry about the assessment or getting credits. For 'Waste Management Policy', though, I've decided to cross it off my list completely. I originally thought about asking the department head to waive the chemistry prerequisite, but when I read the detailed syllabus, the focus is almost entirely on municipal legal frameworks, which I find incredibly dry. A: Auditing 'Renewable Energy Systems' is absolutely fine, and that's a sensible decision for 'Waste Management Policy' too if the legal focus doesn't interest you. That leaves 'Community Engagement'. B: That looks amazing, but it's restricted to students with professional field experience. Since I don't have that, I'll need to email Dr. Patel—as the department head, he's the only one who can sign a formal waiver to let me in. I'll get in touch with him today. That covers all my electives! A: Excellent. He's usually very supportive. Now, let's discuss your term project. You have to write a formal project proposal by next month. What would you say is your biggest worry about it? B: Well, I've already found a perfect research site—the disused railway yard near my house—so that's fully sorted. And my hours at the library have been reduced, meaning my part-time job won't interfere at all. My real struggle is narrowing down my focus. I have so many ideas that I'm finding it hard to formulate a research question that isn't too broad to cover in five thousand words. A: That's a very common hurdle. We can narrow down your research question today. Regarding your literature review, remember to keep your sources broad. Many students only cite local, UK-based research, but to get a truly global perspective, you really must integrate case studies and theoretical sources from a variety of international contexts. Don't worry about only using very recent publications, either—older, foundational texts are just as crucial, as long as they are relevant. B: Right, so I should look at European and Asian studies too. For my primary data, I initially thought about interviewing planning officers at the city council, but they are incredibly busy and rarely reply to student emails. I also considered doing field observations of park visitors, but it's winter and people don't stay outside long enough. So, I've decided to design a brief questionnaire and distribute it online to local residents through a community group. A: That's a very practical approach, Tariq. Reaching out online will guarantee you get enough responses within your tight timeframe. Now, a quick administrative point: for your mid-term progress report, I know some students are keen on submitting a video presentation instead of a written summary. B: Yes, I was thinking a five-minute video would be a great way to showcase the site visually! Is that allowed? A: It is creative, and the marking criteria fully permit it. However, the department's online submission portal is experiencing a major bug right now—it crashes whenever students try to upload files larger than fifty megabytes. Until the IT team fixes it next month, we've been instructed to tell everyone to stick to a standard written document. B: Oh, that's a shame. But I certainly don't want my submission to fail because of a technical glitch. I'll stick to a written report. Lastly, what exactly needs to be included in the project proposal itself? A: You don't need to submit a signed risk assessment yet—that's only for the final dissertation. And since you aren't spending any money, a detailed budget breakdown isn't necessary either. But you definitely need to include a map showing the boundaries of the railway yard you're studying, as well as a preliminary weekly timeline of tasks showing how you plan to complete your research. B: Got it. A site map and a weekly timeline. I'll make sure both of those are in my draft. Thank you so much for your guidance, Dr. Ingrid! [Q21] Green Infrastructure

中文翻譯

A：哈囉，塔里克。請進，請坐。我們來看看你第二學期環境規劃碩士學位的選修課。你需要縮減你的選擇。首先是「綠色基礎設施」這門課。 B：謝謝，英格麗教授。老實說，我一開始本來想跳過「綠色基礎設施」，因為我大學時修過類似的課，想把心力放在新的領域。但仔細看了課程大綱後，發現裡面涵蓋了屋頂花園和城市樹冠，這些我其實從來沒學過。所以，是的，我絕對會選修這門課。 A：我覺得這是個明智的決定。那「交通管理」呢？它著重在大眾運輸設計和行人專用區規劃。 B：我對那個非常感興趣，但有個問題：上課時間跟我的星期四早上的核心研討課衝突。不過，我聽說他們可能會加開下午的時段。如果有的話，我會立刻註冊，但如果沒有，我就只能放棄了。在正式決定之前，我需要再確認一下課表。 A：好主意。那「再生能源系統」呢？這門課偏重定量計算，但非常熱門。 B：我的數學背景很弱，所以我 know 我在期末考的計算題一定會寫得很吃力。不過，我還是想學這些概念。有沒有可能只去聽課並旁聽這門課程呢？這樣我就不用擔心考核或拿學分的問題了。至於「廢棄物管理政策」，我已經決定完全把它從我的清單中剔除了。我本來考慮請系主任免除化學的先修要求，但當我讀了詳細的課程大綱後，發現重點幾乎完全放在市政法律框架上，我覺得這非常枯燥乏味。 A：旁聽「再生能源系統」完全沒問題，如果你對法律重點沒興趣的話，對「廢棄物管理政策」做出這樣的決定也很合理。那就剩下「社區參與」了。 B：那看起來很棒，但它只限於有專業實務經驗的學生。因為我沒有，我需要寄電子郵件給帕特爾教授——身為系主任，他是唯一能簽署正式豁免同意書讓我修課的人。我今天會跟他聯絡。這就涵蓋了我所有的選修課！ A：太好了。他通常都很支持學生。現在，我們來討論你的學期專案。你必須在下個月前寫出一份正式的專案研究計畫書。你覺得你目前最擔心的是什麼？ B：嗯，我已經找到一個完美的研究地點——我家附近那個廢棄的鐵路調車場——所以這部分完全搞定了。而且我在圖書館的打工時數減少了，這意味著我的兼職工作完全不會造成干擾。我真正的困難在於縮小研究範圍。我有太多想法，發現很難制定出一個不會太廣泛、適合在五千字內探討的研究問題。 A：這是非常常見的瓶頸。我們今天就可以來縮小你的研究問題。關於你的文獻探討，記得要保持資料來源的廣泛性。很多學生只引用英國當地的研究，但為了獲得真正的全球視野，你真的必須整合來自各種國際背景的案例研究和理論來源。也不用擔心只使用最新的出版物——只要具有相關性，較舊的奠基性文獻也同樣重要。 B：好的，所以我應該也去看看歐洲和亞洲的研究。至於我的初級資料，我最初想過訪問市府的都計規劃人員，但他們非常忙碌，很少回覆學生的電子郵件。我也考慮過對公園遊客進行實地觀察，但現在是冬天，人們在戶外待的時間不夠長。所以，我決定設計一份簡短的問卷，並透過社區社群線上發送給當地居民。 A：這是非常務實的做法，塔里克。透過線上接觸，能保證你在緊迫的時間內獲得足夠的回覆。現在，提一個簡單的行政事項：關於你的期中進度報告，我知道有些學生很想提交影片簡報來代替書面摘要。 B：是的，我本來在想，五分鐘的影片會是視覺化呈現研究地點的絕佳方式！這可行嗎？ A：這很有創意，評分標準也完全允許。然而，系上的線上繳交系統目前遇到了重大的程式錯誤——每當學生嘗試上傳大於 50MB 的檔案時，系統就會當機。在 IT 團隊下個月修復之前，我們被指示要告訴所有人一律繳交標準的書面文件。 B：喔，真可惜。但我當然不希望我的作業因為技術問題而繳交失敗。我會用書面報告。最後，專案研究計畫書本身具體需要包含哪些內容？ A：你現在還不需要提交簽署好的風險評估——那是最後撰寫畢業論文時才需要的。而且因為你不會花到任何經費，所以不需要詳細的預算明細。但你絕對需要附上一張地圖，標示出你所研究的鐵路調車場邊界，以及一份初步的每週進度時間表，呈現你計畫如何完成你的研究。 B：懂了。一張實地地圖和每週進度時間表。我會確保這兩項都放進我的初稿中。非常感謝您的指導，英格麗教授！

(Shared with Q21.) [Q22] Traffic Management

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用）[第 22 題] 交通管理

(Shared with Q21.) [Q23] Renewable Energy Systems

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用）[Q23] 再生能源系統

(Shared with Q21.) [Q24] Waste Management Policy

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用）[第 24 題] 廢棄物管理政策

(Shared with Q21.) [Q25] Community Engagement

中文翻譯

(與第 21 題共用) [第 25 題] 社區參與

(Shared with Q21.) [Q26] What is Tariq's main concern about his upcoming term project?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 26 題] Tariq 對他即將進行的學期專題最主要的擔憂是什麼？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q27] What does Dr. Ingrid say about the literature review?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 27 題] 關於文獻探討，Ingrid 博士說了什麼？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q28] How will Tariq gather primary data for his project?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 28 題] 塔里克將如何為他的專案收集初級資料？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q29] Why does Dr. Ingrid advise against using a video presentation for the mid-term progress report?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 29 題] 為什麼英格麗德博士建議不要在期中進度報告中使用影片簡報？

(Shared with Q21.) [Q30] Which TWO things must Tariq include in his project proposal?

中文翻譯

（與第 21 題共用。）[第 30 題] 塔里克（Tariq）在他的專案企劃書中必須包含哪兩樣東西？

Good morning. Today we're exploring a remarkable geological feature known as a 'turlough'—essentially, a seasonal lake found almost exclusively in limestone karst regions. Now, many people assume these lakes are fed by surface rivers, but actually, they are entirely dependent on groundwater levels. When the water table rises in autumn, water is forced up through underground openings called estavelles, filling the basin; in summer, it drains right back down. Initially, early geologists estimated that a typical turlough takes around forty days to empty completely, though recent computerized monitoring has corrected this to just fourteen days under normal conditions. This rapid drainage means the soil on the basin floor is uniquely adapted. In terms of vegetation, you won't find deep-rooted trees because the soil is waterlogged for half the year, but what you do find are specialized mosses and terrestrial herbs that thrive in the brief summer window. For wildlife, turloughs are crucial, acting as temporary feeding grounds for migratory winter birds, which arrive just as the waters peak. But these delicate ecosystems are facing significant modern pressures. Many landowners once attempted to drain them for permanent grazing; however, this often led to severe localized flooding downstream because the natural sponge effect was lost. Lately, researchers led by Dr. Ingrid have been studying how agricultural runoff—specifically nitrogen compounds—is impacting the biodiversity of these basins. So, let us examine the four distinct zones of a standard turlough basin, from the deepest point to the outer rim, to understand how different plant communities distribute themselves. First, the 'floor zone' is submerged longest and is dominated by the black moss Cinclidotus fontinaloides, which can tolerate up to ten months of inundation. Next, the 'middle zone' experiences fluctuating water levels and supports silverweed, a plant that spreads rapidly via runners once the water recedes. Higher up, the 'shrub zone' is characterised by woody species like buckthorn that can survive occasional dampness but not prolonged flooding. Finally, the 'fringe zone' transitions into regular dry grassland, marked by the presence of orchids and other delicate herbs. [Q31] What primary factor determines the water level in a turlough?

中文翻譯

大家早。今天我們要探索一種奇特的地理特徵，稱為「特洛湖」（turlough）——基本上，這是一種幾乎只出現在石灰岩喀斯特（溶地形）地區的季節性湖泊。許多人以為這些湖泊的水源來自地表河流，但事實上，它們完全取決於地下水位。當秋季地下水位上升時，水會被迫穿過被稱為「雙向落水洞」（estavelles）的地下通道向上湧出，填滿湖盆；到了夏天，水又會直接排回地下。起初，早期的地質學家估計，一個典型的特洛湖大約需要四十天才能完全排空，但最近的電腦化監測修正了這一點，在正常情況下其實只需要十四天。這種快速排水的特性，意味著湖底盆地的土壤具有獨特的適應性。在植被方面，你不會在這裡看到根深蒂固的樹木，因為土壤有一半的時間都處於積水狀態，但你會發現特化的苔蘚和陸生草本植物，它們在短暫的夏季裡蓬勃生長。對於野生動物而言，特洛湖至關重要，它們是越冬候鳥的臨時覓食地，這些候鳥正好在水位達到巔峰時抵達。然而，這些脆弱的生態系統正面臨著巨大的現代壓力。過去許多土地所有者曾試圖將其排乾以進行永久放牧；然而，由於失去了天然的「海綿效應」，這往往會導致下游地區發生嚴重的局部洪災。最近，由英格麗德博士（Dr. Ingrid）帶領的研究人員一直在研究農業逕流（特別是氮化合物）如何影響這些盆地的生物多樣性。因此，讓我們來檢視標準特洛湖盆地的四個不同區域，從最深處到外緣，以了解不同的植物群落是如何分布的。首先，「湖底區」（floor zone）淹水的時間最長，主要生長著噴泉黑苔（Cinclidotus fontinaloides），這種苔蘚可以承受長達十個月的淹水。接下來是「中層區」（middle zone），這裡的水位起伏不定，生長著銀草（silverweed），這種植物在退水後會透過匍匐莖迅速蔓延。再往上是「灌木區」（shrub zone），其特徵是像鼠李（buckthorn）這樣的木本植物，它們能適應偶爾的潮濕，但無法承受長時間的淹水。最後，「邊緣區」（fringe zone）過渡到一般的乾燥草地，以蘭花和其他精緻草本植物的出現為標誌。

(Shared with Q31.) [Q32] What did recent computerized research reveal about the emptying process of a turlough?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 32 題] 近期的電腦化研究對於特洛湖（turlough）的排水過程有何發現？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q33] Why are deep-rooted trees absent from the basins of turloughs?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 33 題] 為什麼週期性石灰岩湖（turlough）的湖盆中沒有深根樹木？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q34] What was an unexpected consequence of historical attempts to drain turloughs?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 34 題] 歷史上試圖排乾特洛湖（turloughs）帶來了什麼意想不到的後果？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q35] What is the main focus of Dr. Ingrid's current research?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 35 題] 英格麗博士目前研究的主要焦點是什麼？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q36] Which TWO environmental benefits of natural, undrained turloughs are highlighted by the lecturer?

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）［第 36 題］講師強調了天然、未經排水的特洛湖（turloughs）具有哪兩項環境益處？

(Shared with Q31.) [Q37] is flooded for the longest duration of the year

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用）[Q37] 一年中淹水持續時間最長的是

(Shared with Q31.) [Q38] contains plants that spread rapidly via runners

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 38 題] 包含透過匍匐莖迅速蔓延的植物

(Shared with Q31.) [Q39] features woody vegetation that cannot tolerate long-term water immersion

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[Q39] 的特徵是擁有無法耐受長期浸水的木本植物

(Shared with Q31.) [Q40] acts as a transition area containing delicate orchids

中文翻譯

（與第 31 題共用。）[第 40 題] 作為含有嬌嫩蘭花的過渡地帶