Friends Who Stay (H1)
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EN: The verb 'value' is used as a transitive verb meaning to regard highly, appreciate, or consider someone or something to be important.
I value your advice because you have more experience.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that gives the reason for the action in the main clause.
She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. Unlike in Chinese where 'although' (雖然) and 'but' (但是) are often used together, in English, you must not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The phrasal verb 'get along' means to have a harmonious or friendly relationship with someone. It is often followed by 'well' to emphasize a good relationship, or 'with' when specifying the person.
Do you get along with your new classmates?
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause ('We laugh together') happens at the same time as the action in the dependent clause ('we feel down').
We listen to music when we clean the room.
EN: The linking verb 'feel' is followed by an adjective (subject complement) to describe the subject's emotional or physical state. In this sentence, 'down' is an adjective meaning sad or depressed.
She feels tired after a long walk.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, sharing vulnerability (feeling 'down') and responding with shared humor or 'laughing together' is considered a cornerstone of deep, supportive friendships. The phrase 'feel down' is a very common, informal way to express sadness without sounding overly clinical.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a cause-and-effect relationship where the second clause is the result of the first.
It started to rain, so we stayed indoors.
EN: The Simple Past Tense ('was', 'joined') is used to describe completed actions or states that happened at a specific time in the past.
She was tired, so she went to bed early.
EN: In English-speaking countries, joining a 'club' (such as a sports team, book club, or hobby group) is a very common and encouraged social strategy to overcome loneliness, make new friends, and integrate into a community, especially in school or university settings.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'while' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that two actions are happening at the same time. When the 'while' clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.
While I was cooking dinner, my brother was watching TV.
EN: The frequency adverb 'often' describes how regularly an action occurs. In present simple tense, frequency adverbs are typically placed before the main verb (helps) but after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb.
She often goes to the library on weekends.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) that express contrasting ideas. In this sentence, it connects the negative action of arguing with the positive action of making up.
She was tired, but she finished her homework.
EN: The phrasal verb 'make up' means to reconcile or become friends again after an argument or fight. It is an intransitive phrasal verb in this context, meaning it does not require a direct object.
They often argue about small things, but they always make up quickly.
EN: In Western culture, open communication and expressing disagreement (arguing) are often seen as healthy aspects of a relationship, as long as they are resolved. The phrase 'make up' highlights the value placed on reconciliation and maintaining strong, honest friendships despite occasional conflicts.
EN: The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'. It indicates that if the condition is met, the result is highly likely to happen.
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
EN: The phrase 'be there' (or 'be there for someone') is a common idiom meaning to be available to support, help, or comfort someone when they are going through a difficult time.
Don't worry, I will always be there for you.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, offering emotional support with phrases like 'I'll be there' is a cornerstone of deep friendship. It emphasizes reliability and emotional availability, which are highly valued traits in personal relationships.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause. In English, the 'because' clause can come after the main clause without a comma.
I stayed home because it was raining.
EN: The idiom 'keep one's promise' means to do what you said you would do. In the third person singular present tense, 'keep' becomes 'keeps' to agree with the subject 'she'.
He always keeps his promises, so you can rely on him.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, keeping one's word or promises is considered a cornerstone of personal integrity and trust. The phrase 'keep one's promises' is highly valued in both personal friendships and professional relationships.
EN: The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, meaning 'despite the fact that'. It is stronger than 'although' and 'though'. Note that in English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' is used to start the sentence.
Even though it was raining heavily, they went for a walk.
EN: The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb meaning 'to continue to be in a particular state'. It is followed by an adjective (like 'close') to describe the subject.
Please stay calm during the meeting.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, maintaining close friendships despite physical distance is highly valued. The phrase 'stay close' refers to emotional proximity and regular communication, which has become much easier with modern technology and social media.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two parallel grammatical elements (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.) to emphasize that both items are included. In this sentence, it connects two noun phrases: 'good times' and 'hard times'.
She is both intelligent and hard-working.
EN: The verb 'share' means to experience or have something in common with others. When used with 'times' (such as good or hard times), it means to go through those life experiences together.
We shared many laughs during our trip.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'sharing good times and hard times' is a core definition of deep, lasting friendship. It reflects the value placed on loyalty and mutual support, similar to the Chinese idiom '同甘共苦' (sharing sweetness and bitterness together).
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the condition or moment under which the action in the main clause ('Friendship grows') occurs.
We feel happy when we play games.
EN: The phrasal verb 'spend time' means to pass time doing something or being with someone. It is often followed by 'together' to emphasize shared experiences.
They spend time reading every evening.
EN: The conjunction 'whether... or...' is used to express that a statement is true in either of the two mentioned cases (it doesn't matter which of the two conditions is met). It introduces an adverbial clause of concession.
Whether it rains or shines, we will go hiking.
EN: The verb 'stay' is used here as an intransitive verb meaning to remain in a place, state, or relationship rather than leaving. It emphasizes loyalty and constancy.
I promise to stay by your side.
EN: The idiom 'play a role in' means to be involved in something and have an influence on it. The adjective 'huge' is placed before 'role' to emphasize the significance of the influence.
Technology plays a key role in modern education.
EN: The phrase 'who we become' is a noun clause functioning as the object of the preposition 'in'. It is introduced by the interrogative pronoun 'who' and follows statement word order (subject + verb).
Our choices shape who we are.
EN: This sentence reflects a common Western philosophical and psychological view that our social environment and friendships deeply shape our personal identity and growth, rather than identity being purely innate.
EN: The past simple tense ('met', 'were') is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. In this sentence, 'met' is the irregular past form of 'meet', and 'were' is the past plural form of the verb 'be'.
We bought our first house when we were twenty-five years old.
EN: The temporal conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the specific time at which the main action occurred.
I started learning piano when I was a child.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, childhood friendships that survive into adulthood are highly cherished. The phrase 'best friend' is often used to denote a unique, sibling-like bond, and sharing the exact age or milestone (like being six, which is typically the age of starting primary school) emphasizes a shared history.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing contrast. In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence to connect the clauses.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used when two or more people perform the same action toward one another.
They love each other very much.
EN: The reciprocal pronoun 'one another' is used to show that two or more people perform the same action toward each other. While 'each other' is often preferred for two people and 'one another' for more than two, they are largely interchangeable in modern English.
The team members always encourage one another during difficult matches.
EN: The nominal relative clause 'what friends do' acts as a noun phrase serving as the subject complement after the linking verb 'is'. In this structure, 'what' means 'the thing(s) that'.
EN: In Western culture, friendship is highly valued as an egalitarian relationship based on mutual support and emotional reciprocity. Saying 'that is what friends do' reflects a common cultural expectation that friends should naturally help each other without expecting immediate repayment or keeping score.
EN: Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate the time at which an action takes place. When the 'when' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.
When it rains, we stay indoors.
EN: The structure 'know how to + verb' is used to express ability or knowledge of how to perform a certain action. 'Cheer [someone] up' is a phrasal verb meaning to make someone feel happier. Since 'me' is a pronoun, it must go between 'cheer' and 'up'.
He knows how to play the guitar to cheer her up.
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used at the beginning of a subordinate clause to show contrast between two facts or ideas, similar to 'although' or 'whereas'.
While I prefer tea, my sister loves coffee.
EN: The phrase 'be good at' means to be skilled or proficient in a particular area. When comparing abilities, we use the comparative form 'be better at'.
He is good at playing the piano, but his brother is even better at it.
EN: In Western education, acknowledging and celebrating individual differences in strengths (e.g., one being good at STEM subjects and another at humanities) is highly encouraged. It highlights the value of complementary friendships where friends support each other's growth.
EN: The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people perform the same action toward one another. In this sentence, 'We help each other' means 'I help my friend, and my friend helps me.'
They love each other.
EN: The verb 'keep' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is a common structure meaning to continue doing something without stopping, or to do it repeatedly.
She kept practicing the piano until she got it right.
EN: The conjunction 'Even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, meaning 'despite the fact that'. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' or 'although' is used to start the sentence.
Even though it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb meaning 'to remain in a particular state'. It is followed by an adjective (like 'angry') rather than an adverb.
Please stay calm during the meeting.
EN: In Western friendships, open communication and expressing differing opinions are highly valued. Disagreeing is not seen as a threat to the relationship, but rather as a normal part of healthy communication, provided that friends 'make up' and do not hold grudges.
EN: The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Will + Verb' or 'If + Simple Present, Simple Present' (for general truths or habitual actions, often called the Zero Conditional). In this sentence, the simple present in both clauses ('makes', 'offers') describes a general rule or habitual behavior in their friendship.
If it rains, we stay inside and play board games.
EN: The pronoun 'one of us' refers to a single person within a group, so it takes a singular verb ('makes'). Similarly, 'the other' refers to the remaining one person of the two, which is also singular and takes a singular verb ('offers').
EN: Passive Voice (is built on): Used when the subject receives the action. 'Be + past participle' (is built) indicates that friendship does not build itself, but is constructed by these values.
A strong marriage is built on mutual respect.
EN: Parallel Structure in Lists: When listing items, they should share the same grammatical form. Here, 'trust', 'time', and 'kindness' are all abstract nouns serving as objects of the preposition 'on'.
Success requires dedication, patience, and hard work.
EN: In Western culture, friendship is highly valued as a voluntary relationship built on mutual respect and shared values, rather than just social obligation. The mention of 'trust, time, and kindness' reflects the universal ingredients of deep, lasting relationships in English-speaking societies.
EN: The adjective 'thankful' is commonly followed by the preposition 'for' to express gratitude toward someone or something. The pattern is 'be thankful for + noun/gerund'.
I am thankful for your help during the difficult times.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who walk beside me') to modify the plural noun 'friends'. Since 'who' refers to 'friends' (plural), the verb that follows must be in its plural form ('walk').
I like people who listen to others patiently.
EN: The phrase 'walk beside someone' is a common English idiom meaning to support, accompany, or stand by someone through life's journey, especially during difficult times. It emphasizes equality and companionship rather than leading or following.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both A and B' is used to join two grammatical elements of equal importance, meaning 'not only A but also B'. In this sentence, it connects two nouns: 'joy' and 'hardship'.
The program is designed to improve both reading and writing skills.
EN: The verb 'make' is used here as a causative verb with the structure 'make + object + object complement (adjective)'. It means to cause the object to be in a certain state. Here, 'easier' is the comparative adjective describing the state of 'both joy and hardship'.
Regular exercise makes your body stronger.
EN: This sentence reflects a universal value in English-speaking cultures regarding friendship, often summarized by the famous proverb: 'A joy shared is a joy doubled; a sorrow shared is a half sorrow.' Sharing both positive and negative life experiences is considered the foundation of deep, lasting relationships.
EN: The structure 'Why do you + verb...?' is used to ask for the reason behind someone's actions or feelings. 'Do' acts as an auxiliary verb (helping verb) to form the question in the simple present tense.
Why do you study English so hard?
EN: The adverb 'so' is used before adjectives or other adverbs to mean 'to such a great degree' or 'extremely'. In this sentence, 'so much' modifies the verb 'trust' to show a high degree of trust.
Thank you so much for your help.
EN: In English conversations, placing the listener's name (like 'Hana') at the very end of a question is a common way to make the inquiry feel more personal, direct, and warm, rather than sounding like an interrogation.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that gives the reason for the action in the main clause. In this sentence, 'because she is always honest' explains why 'I trust her'.
I like this book because it is very interesting.
EN: Adverbs of frequency (such as 'always', 'usually', 'often', 'sometimes', 'never') describe how often an action occurs. They are typically placed after the 'be' verb (am/is/are/was/were) but before main verbs.
He is always on time for school.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The simple present tense is used here to describe a general truth, a permanent state, or a characteristic of the speaker and their friends.
She loves music because it makes her happy.
EN: Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by conjunctions like 'when' to indicate the time at which an action takes place. When the adverbial clause comes before the main clause, a comma is used to separate them.
When it rains, we stay indoors.
EN: The adjective 'stressed' (or 'stressed out') describes a person feeling worried or anxious because of a difficult situation. It is commonly used with linking verbs like 'be' or 'feel'.
She feels stressed about her upcoming exams.
EN: The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, meaning 'despite the fact that'. It is stronger than 'although' and 'though' and is used to connect two contrasting ideas.
Even though it was raining, they went for a walk.
EN: The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb (copula) followed by an adjective (like 'close') to describe remaining in a particular state or condition.
EN: The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, will + base verb'. It expresses a real or likely situation and its probable result.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
EN: The collocation 'make friends' means to form friendships. The adjective 'good' can be placed before 'friends' to describe the quality of the friendships.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, where the second clause represents the result or consequence of the first clause.
It started to rain, so we stayed indoors.
EN: The simple past tense (e.g., 'joined', 'met') is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past.
She bought a new car yesterday.
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used here to introduce a contrast, meaning 'although' or 'whereas'. It connects two clauses that present opposing or contrasting ideas.
While I understand your point of view, I still disagree with your decision.
EN: The pronoun 'ones' is a plural substitute pronoun used to avoid repeating the noun 'friendships' mentioned earlier in the sentence.
I don't like these cheap shoes; I prefer the expensive ones.
EN: This sentence reflects a common philosophical view on relationships in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing quality over quantity. The distinction between casual acquaintances (whose friendships might 'fade') and true, lifelong friends is highly valued.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason for something. It connects the main clause ('We grow') with the subordinate adverbial clause of reason ('we encourage each other').
We succeeded because we worked hard.
EN: The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used when two or more people perform the same action toward one another. It functions as the object of the verb 'encourage'.
They love each other.
EN: The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It does not require a direct object.
Your opinion matters to us.
EN: The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause happens.
We stayed home because it was raining.
EN: In Western culture, emphasizing individual emotional well-being and the importance of social connections to prevent loneliness is a common theme in discussions about mental health and friendship.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To have a harmonious or friendly relationship with someone.
To reconcile or become friends again after a quarrel or disagreement.
To make someone feel happier or more cheerful when they are sad.
To have a very large or important influence on a situation or someone's life.