One World, One Home (H1)
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EN: The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, where the second clause expresses the result or consequence of the first clause.
It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
EN: The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation, necessity, or duty. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive).
We must respect the rules of the library.
EN: This sentence reflects a global environmental consciousness, emphasizing shared responsibility. The phrase 'one planet' is often used in environmental campaigns to highlight that Earth's resources are finite and belong to all humanity.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains the cause or reason for the action in the main clause.
We walk to school because it is close.
EN: The simple present tense is used here to express a habitual action ('I recycle') and a general truth or fact ('it saves trees').
She turns off the lights because she wants to save energy.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, recycling is a deeply ingrained daily habit. Schools often teach children the 'Three Rs' (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) from a very young age, making environmental protection a common topic of everyday conversation.
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive) without 'to'. In this sentence, 'can' applies to both 'walk' and 'ride' connected by the coordinating conjunction 'or'.
We can swim or play tennis this afternoon.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two or more alternatives. Here, it links the two verb phrases 'walk' and 'ride bikes' to show choice.
You can have tea or coffee.
EN: In many Western countries, walking or riding bikes to school (often called 'active commuting') is highly encouraged to promote physical health and reduce carbon emissions. Many schools have dedicated bicycle racks and safety programs to support this.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show contrast. It is preceded by a comma when connecting two complete sentences.
The weather was cold, but we went for a walk anyway.
EN: The causative structure 'make + object + adjective' is used to describe causing someone or something to enter a certain state or condition.
Regular exercise can make your body strong.
EN: The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or situations where one event always leads to another. It is structured as: 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'.
When you heat ice, it melts.
EN: Indefinite pronouns like 'everyone', 'someone', and 'nobody' are grammatically singular. Therefore, the verb that follows them must take the singular form (e.g., 'suffers' with an '-s').
Everyone wants to be happy.
EN: This sentence reflects a growing global awareness of environmental protection and shared responsibility. In English-speaking cultures, environmental education often emphasizes that individual actions (like wasting water) have collective consequences, fostering a sense of community duty.
EN: The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'help').
We can save energy by turning off the lights.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two verbs ('turn off' and 'save') that share the same subject ('I'). This creates a compound predicate, making the sentence more concise.
She washes the dishes and cleans the kitchen.
EN: The phrasal verb 'turn off' means to stop the flow of electricity, gas, or water. It is a separable phrasal verb, meaning the object can go between 'turn' and 'off' (e.g., 'turn lights off') or after 'off' (e.g., 'turn off lights').
Please turn off the TV before you go to bed.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, environmental awareness campaigns frequently use simple, direct imperatives or personal statements like 'I turn off lights' to encourage daily energy conservation habits.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause of reason. It connects the main action ('We plant trees') with the cause or reason behind it ('they clean the air'). Unlike in Chinese, where 'because' (因為) and 'so' (所以) are often used together in a sentence, English only uses one conjunction to connect these two clauses.
I stay at home because it is raining.
EN: The pronoun 'they' is a third-person plural subject pronoun. In this sentence, it is used as an anaphora to refer back to the plural noun 'trees' mentioned in the main clause, avoiding repetitive language.
I bought some apples because they looked fresh.
EN: First Conditional: Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'.
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
EN: Comparative Adjectives: 'Brighter' is the comparative form of the adjective 'bright'. For short adjectives, we add '-er' to compare two states or things.
With this new lamp, the room is much brighter.
EN: This sentence reflects a common theme in modern environmental discourse: the emphasis on immediate, collective action to prevent climate change and secure a better future for subsequent generations.
EN: The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'change').
We must protect the environment.
EN: The conjunction 'or' is used here to introduce the negative consequence of not doing the action in the first clause. It translates to 'otherwise' or 'else'.
Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
EN: The phrasal verb 'care about' means to feel that something is important and to be concerned about it. It is followed by a noun or pronoun as its object.
She cares about animal welfare.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete thoughts) of equal importance. A comma is typically placed before 'and' when joining two independent clauses.
I like reading, and I want to write a book.
EN: The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important or have a significant effect.' It does not require a direct object.
Your opinion matters to us.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the condition or time under which the main action occurs.
We feel happy when we help others.
EN: The appositive pronoun 'all' is used after the subject pronoun 'we' to emphasize that every member of the group is included in the action.
We all want to protect the environment.
EN: Adjective ordering: When multiple adjectives describe a noun, they follow a specific order. Here, 'small' (size) comes before 'blue' (color).
She lives in a big, white house.
EN: The phrase 'blue planet' is a common and affectionate way to refer to Earth, emphasizing its oceans and vulnerability in the vastness of space. It is often used in environmental contexts to inspire a sense of global community and shared responsibility.
EN: The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The relative clause 'we must respect' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'limits'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted because it functions as the object of the verb 'respect'.
This is the book I bought yesterday.
EN: Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like 'when'. They indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. In this sentence, 'When we waste water or energy' sets the condition or time for the main action 'we harm our shared home'. Note that we use the present simple tense in the time clause to refer to general truths or future possibilities.
When you turn off the lights, you save electricity.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank, presenting a choice or alternative. Here, 'or' connects the two noun objects 'water' and 'energy'.
You can ride a bike or walk to school.
EN: The concept of 'our shared home' reflects a global environmental perspective, emphasizing that Earth is a single, interconnected ecosystem where individual actions have collective consequences. This holistic view is central to modern environmental education and sustainability campaigns worldwide.
EN: The Present Continuous Tense (be + V-ing) is used here to describe an action or trend that is currently in progress or changing over time (e.g., 'are rising').
Global temperatures are rising every year.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a cause-and-effect relationship. The first clause is the cause, and the second clause (introduced by 'so') is the result.
It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
EN: This sentence reflects the global urgency surrounding climate change and rising sea levels, a major environmental concern in the 21st century. The phrase 'act with care' emphasizes collective responsibility and mindful living.
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to'). In this sentence, 'can' applies to all three verbs in the list: 'recycle', 'save', and 'plant'.
We can reduce waste by using reusable bags.
EN: Parallel structure (or parallelism) involves using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. When listing three or more items, we use commas between them and place the coordinating conjunction 'and' before the last item (A, B, and C). Here, three base verbs are parallel: 'recycle', 'save [power]', and 'plant [more trees]'.
She likes to swim, run, and ride a bike.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains why the action in the main clause happens. In English, we do not use 'so' in the main clause when 'because' is used.
We stayed indoors because it was raining heavily.
EN: The verb 'keep' can be used in the pattern 'keep + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause someone or something to remain in a specified state'. Here, 'the air' is the object and 'clean' is the object complement (adjective).
Please keep the door open.
EN: In many Western countries, riding a bike to school or work is highly encouraged as an eco-friendly and healthy lifestyle choice. Schools often have dedicated bicycle racks, and cities invest in bike lanes to promote this green habit.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a contrast or contradiction between the two ideas.
She wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.
EN: The verb 'count' can be used as an intransitive verb meaning 'to be significant or important'. It is often used with 'every' or 'all' to emphasize collective value.
EN: The phrase 'every action counts' reflects a common environmental and social philosophy in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing individual responsibility. It encourages people that even small, daily efforts (like recycling or saving water) are meaningful in solving global issues.
EN: The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, will/can/verb phrase'. In this sentence, 'If each of us does...' is the condition, and 'the change adds up fast' is the result (expressed as a general truth in the present simple).
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
EN: The phrasal verb 'add up' means to increase gradually in quantity or size until it becomes significant. 'Each of us' is a singular subject, which is why it takes the singular verb 'does'.
These small expenses add up to a lot of money over time.
EN: This sentence reflects a common environmental philosophy in English-speaking cultures: collective individualism. It emphasizes that while global problems like climate change seem overwhelming, individual small actions (like recycling or saving water) are meaningful and powerful when multiplied by millions of people.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'not... but...' is used to connect two contrasting ideas, indicating that the first idea is false or rejected, while the second is true or accepted. It requires parallel grammatical structure after both 'not' and 'but'.
He succeeded not by luck but through hard work.
EN: Reflexive pronouns (such as 'ourselves') are used when the subject and the object of the verb or preposition are the same. In this sentence, 'ourselves' refers back to the subject 'We'.
We should believe in ourselves.
EN: The phrasal verb 'belong to' is used to indicate ownership or relationship. It is a non-progressive (stative) verb, meaning it is rarely used in the continuous (-ing) form.
These books belong to the library.
EN: The word 'alike' can function as an adverb meaning 'equally' or 'in the same way'. When placed at the end of a sentence or clause, it emphasizes that the statement applies to all parties mentioned equally.
The teacher treated the students and parents alike.
EN: Adverbial clause of time introduced by 'when'. This clause sets the condition or time frame for the main action. In this sentence, 'When people work together' is the dependent clause, and 'even big problems grow smaller' is the independent main clause.
When the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly.
EN: Linking verb 'grow' used to indicate a change in state. 'Grow' is followed by a comparative adjective ('smaller') acting as a subject complement, meaning 'to become' or 'to turn'.
As autumn approaches, the days grow shorter.
EN: This sentence reflects a strong cultural value of community action and collective responsibility, which is highly prominent in modern environmental movements. The phrasing emphasizes that individual efforts, when combined, have a powerful collective impact.
EN: The phrase 'In the end' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to introduce a final conclusion, summary, or ultimate result after considering all facts.
In the end, honesty is always the best policy.
EN: The verb 'means' (singular form of 'mean') is used here to link a subject to its logical consequence or definition. In this structure, 'A means B' indicates that A logically results in or is equivalent to B.
EN: This sentence reflects the global citizenship mindset, emphasizing that environmental and social issues transcend national borders. The repetition of 'one' ('one world', 'one shared responsibility') is a common rhetorical device in English speeches to create a sense of unity and urgency.
EN: Wh-questions with modal verbs: In English, questions starting with a question word (like 'how') followed by a modal verb (like 'can') use the word order: Wh-word + modal verb + subject + main verb. The main verb must be in its base form.
How can we protect the environment?
EN: Direct address with comma: When addressing someone directly by name (vocative case) at the end of a sentence, a comma must be placed before the name to separate it from the rest of the clause.
What should we do, Tom?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, referring to Earth as 'the planet' is very common in discussions about environmentalism and sustainability. It emphasizes our shared responsibility to care for the global environment.
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive), in this case, 'recycle'.
We can save water by taking shorter showers.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause ('We can recycle') is possible or necessary.
We walk to school because it reduces pollution.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two alternative verbs ('walk' and 'bike') that share the same subject ('I'). This creates a compound predicate.
We can study or play after school.
EN: The 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, answering the question 'why' the action is done. In this sentence, 'to keep' means 'in order to keep'.
She saves money to buy a new computer.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, especially in eco-conscious communities, 'biking' or 'cycling' to work or school is highly encouraged as a green alternative to driving, reflecting a strong cultural emphasis on individual environmental responsibility.
EN: The Zero Conditional is used to talk about things that are always or generally true, such as scientific facts or general habits. It uses the structure: 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'.
When you heat ice, it melts.
EN: Indefinite pronouns like 'everyone', 'someone', and 'nobody' are grammatically singular. Therefore, the verb that follows them must take the third-person singular form (e.g., 'benefits' with an '-s').
Everyone loves a good story.
EN: The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that expresses a concession or contrast. In English, when a sentence begins with 'although', we do not use 'but' in the main clause. A comma is used to separate the two clauses.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
EN: The verb 'keep' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is a common phrasal pattern meaning to continue doing an action without stopping or to repeat it frequently.
You must keep practicing if you want to improve.
EN: The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Will/Modal + Verb'. In this sentence, 'looks' is used instead of 'will look' to describe a state that immediately results from the condition.
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
EN: The adverb 'now' is used to modify the verb 'act', indicating that the action needs to happen immediately in the present moment to affect the future.
EN: This sentence reflects a growing global consciousness among younger generations regarding environmental protection and climate change. The phrase 'act now' is a common rallying cry in environmental activism, emphasizing individual and collective responsibility.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses or two verbs sharing the same subject. In this sentence, 'and' connects the compound verbs 'turn off' and 'save', which both share the subject 'I'.
I wash the dishes and clean the kitchen.
EN: The word 'daily' functions as an adverb of frequency meaning 'every day'. Adverbs of frequency or time like 'daily' are typically placed at the end of the sentence to show how often an action occurs.
She exercises daily to stay healthy.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, environmental conservation and reducing one's carbon footprint are highly emphasized in schools and daily life. Simple habits like turning off lights and conserving water are commonly taught from a young age as individual responsibilities.
EN: Coordinating Conjunction 'and': Used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) of equal grammatical rank. In this sentence, it links 'We plant trees' and 'they clean our air' to show a logical addition or result.
She saves water, and he recycles paper.
EN: Subject Pronoun 'they': Used to replace plural nouns to avoid repetition. Here, 'they' refers back to the plural noun 'trees'.
I bought some books, and they are very interesting.
EN: The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It does not require a direct object.
Your opinion matters to us.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the condition or time under which the main action occurs.
We feel happy when we help others.
EN: This sentence uses 'Noun Phrase Parallelism' (or ellipsis), where verbs are omitted to create a strong, slogan-like impact. Each phrase consists of a numeral ('one') followed by a noun or a noun phrase modified by an adjective ('shared duty'). This structure is highly effective in persuasive writing and speeches.
One team, one goal, one victory.
EN: The word 'shared' is a past participle (V-ed) functioning as an adjective. It modifies the noun 'duty' to indicate that the duty is held or experienced in common by more than one person.
We have a shared interest in music.
EN: This type of three-part parallel structure is known as a 'tricolon' in rhetoric. It is a classic device used in English speeches, slogans, and literature to make a statement memorable, balanced, and emotionally resonant. It emphasizes global unity and collective environmental responsibility.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To stop the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch or button
To be important or have an effect
To increase gradually until there is a large amount
To take part in an activity that other people are already doing