EN: The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'was made' is the past passive voice, showing that the phone underwent the action of being manufactured in the past.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中,「was made」是過去式被動語態,表示這支手機在過去經歷了被製造的過程。
This book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名作家寫的。
EN: Direct speech reports the exact words spoken by someone, enclosed in quotation marks. When the reporting verb (like 'says') comes after the quote, the subject and verb can remain in the standard order (Subject + Verb) or be inverted (Verb + Subject, e.g., 'says Hana').
中文: 直接引語(Direct Speech)用引號標示出某人所說的原話。當引介動詞(如「says」)放在引語後面時,主詞和動詞可以保持標準語序(主詞 + 動詞),也可以進行倒裝(動詞 + 主詞,例如「says Hana」)。
"I am tired," says Leo.
「我累了,」里奧說。
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are produced' shows that the parts undergo the action of production.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者。在本句中,「are produced」表示零件接受「生產」這一動作。
These cars are assembled by robots.
這些汽車是由機器人組裝的。
EN: Direct speech reporting clause with 'says'. When quoting someone directly, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') can be placed after the quote. In this case, the subject 'Sarah' follows the verb 'says' for stylistic balance, which is common in written English.
中文: 使用「says」的直接引語敘述子句。在直接引用某人的話時,敘述動詞(例如「says」)可以放在引號之後。在這種情況下,主詞「莎拉」(Sarah)放在動詞「says」之後以達到修辭上的平衡,這在書面英文中很常見。
"I love this city," says Leo.
「我愛這座城市,」里奧說。
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice: Used to describe general facts or ongoing situations where the action is more important than the doer. Formed with 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3).
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態:用於描述普遍事實或持續發生的情況,此時動作本身比執行者更重要。結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。
These smartphones are designed in California.
這些智慧型手機是在加州設計的。
EN: Adverbial Modification with 'partly': The adverb 'partly' is used to modify the verb phrase to show that something is not completely or fully done, but only to some degree.
中文: 副詞 'partly'(部分地)的修飾用法:副詞 'partly' 用於修飾動詞片語,表示某事並非完全或全部完成,而是在某種程度上完成。
The project was partly funded by the government.
該專案的部分資金是由政府資助的。
EN: The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action (the design) rather than the doer. It is formed with 'be' + past participle (was created). The agent (the doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於將焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者(the design),而非執行者。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞(was created)」。執行動作的人或物則由介係詞「by」引導。
The cake was baked by my sister.
這個蛋糕是我姐姐烤的。
EN: Direct speech reporting clause. In English, when quoting someone, we can place the reporting verb and subject (says Ryan) after the quote. In present tense, 'says' is commonly used for general reporting of statements.
中文: 直接引語的敘述子句。在英文中,引用某人的話時,我們可以將敘述動詞與主詞(says Ryan)放在引號之後。在現在式中,「says」常用於一般陳述句的轉述。
EN: The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In 'are shipped', 'are' matches the plural subject 'These goods'.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」。在「are shipped」中,「are」與複數主詞「These goods」一致。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上被投遞。
EN: The preposition 'across' is used to describe movement from one side of something to the other, or to indicate that something is on the other side of a limit or stretch of water/land.
中文: 介係詞「across」用於描述從某物的一側移動到另一側,或表示某物處於水域、陸地等延伸區域的另一端,意為「跨越」或「橫越」。
They swam across the river.
他們游過了那條河。
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: When using a modal verb (like 'can', 'should', 'must') in the passive voice, the structure is 'modal verb + be + past participle'. This is used to show that an action is possible, necessary, or permitted to be done to the subject.
中文: 情態助動詞的被動語態:當在被動語態中使用情態助動詞(如 'can'、'should'、'must')時,其結構為「情態助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」。這用於表示某個動作對主詞而言是可能的、必要的或被允許的。
This rule can be understood easily.
這個規則可以很容易地被理解。
EN: The preposition 'into' indicating transformation: The preposition 'into' is often used after verbs of change or creation (like 'recycle', 'turn', 'change') to show the result of a transformation or transition from one state to another.
中文: 介係詞 'into' 表示轉變:介係詞 'into' 常用於表示改變或創造的動詞(如 'recycle'、'turn'、'change')之後,用以表示轉變的結果或從一種狀態過渡到另一種狀態。
The ice turned into water.
冰變成了水。
EN: The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'is tested' and 'is sold' are both present simple passive forms.
中文: 被動語態(be 動詞 + 過去分詞)用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時。在本句中,「is tested」(被測試)和「is sold」(被售出)皆為現在簡單式的被動語態結構。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上都會被遞送。
EN: The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating that the action in the main clause happens prior to the action in the adverbial clause.
中文: 連接詞「before」(在……之前)用於連接兩個子句,表示主句的動作發生在副詞子句的動作之前。
Please wash your hands before you eat.
吃東西前請先洗手。
EN: The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle' (is saved). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (energy), rather than who performs the action.
中文: 被動語態由「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」(is saved)構成。當說話的重點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象(能源),而非執行動作的主體時,會使用此語態。
Water is conserved when we take shorter showers.
當我們縮短淋浴時間時,水資源就會被節省下來。
EN: Adverbs of manner (smartly) describe how an action is performed. They are typically formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective and usually follow the verb they modify.
中文: 情狀副詞(smartly)用來修飾動作進行的方式。通常是在形容詞字尾加上「-ly」形成,並常置於所修飾的動詞之後。
The system works efficiently to reduce waste.
該系統高效地運作以減少浪費。
EN: The phrase 'run smartly' reflects the modern trend of 'smart' technology (like smart grids, smart homes, and AI), where efficiency and automation are key to environmental sustainability.
中文: 「run smartly」(聰明地運作)反映了現代「智慧」科技(如智慧電網、智慧家居和人工智慧)的趨勢,其中高效率與自動化是實現環境永續發展的關鍵。
EN: The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action (the package) rather than the doer. It is formed with 'be' verb + past participle (V3). Here, 'was delivered' is in the past simple passive voice.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者(此處為包裹),而非動作的執行者。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中,「was delivered」是過去簡單式的被動語態。
The letter was written by Sarah.
這封信是莎拉寫的。
EN: The preposition 'within' is used to express that something happens inside a specific limit of time, meaning 'no later than' or 'before the end of'.
中文: 介係詞「within」用於表示在特定時間限制之內,意思是「不遲於」或「在……結束之前」。
Please reply to the email within three days.
請在三天內回覆這封電子郵件。
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Verbs (should be + past participle): This structure is used to express obligation or recommendation when the focus is on the action and its receiver, rather than the doer. 'Should' is the modal verb, followed by the base form 'be', and the past participle 'recycled'.
中文: 情態助動詞的被動語態(should be + 過去分詞):此結構用於表示義務或建議,焦點在於動作本身及其承受者,而非執行者。「should」是情態助動詞,後面接原型動詞「be」,再接過去分詞「recycled」(回收)。
Plastic bottles should be washed before they are recycled.
塑膠瓶在回收之前應該要先清洗。
EN: Ellipsis in Parallel Structures (not thrown away): In English, repeated elements are often omitted to avoid redundancy. Here, 'not thrown away' is a shortened form of 'not be thrown away', sharing the modal verb 'should' from the first part of the sentence.
中文: 並列結構中的省略(not thrown away):在英文中,重複的元素通常會被省略以避免贅述。這裡的「not thrown away」是「not be thrown away」的簡略形式,與前半句共享情態助動詞「should」。
The homework must be completed, not forgotten.
功課必須要完成,而不是被遺忘。
EN: In many English-speaking countries, electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is highly encouraged or mandated by local laws. The phrase 'thrown away' usually implies sending waste to a landfill, which is increasingly viewed negatively due to environmental concerns.
中文: 在許多英語系國家,電子垃圾(e-waste)回收受到高度鼓勵,甚至受到當地法律的規範。片語「thrown away」(丟棄)通常意味著將垃圾送往垃圾掩埋場,由於環保意識抬頭,這種行為越來越受到負面看待。
EN: The Present Continuous Passive (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress, emphasizing the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文: 現在進行式的被動語態(am/is/are + being + 過去分詞)用於描述目前正在進行的動作,強調動作的承受者而非執行者。
A new bridge is being built over the river.
一座新橋正在河上建造中。
EN: The reporting verb 'says' is used in the simple present tense to quote someone's statement directly, often placed after the direct quote in written English.
中文: 說話動詞「says」使用一般現在式來直接引用某人的話,在書面英文中,通常放在直接引語的後面。
"I love reading," says Leo.
「我熱愛閱讀,」里奧說。
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The agent (the doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者。動作的執行者(施動者)則由介係詞「by」引導。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
這間教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN: The reporting verb 'says' is used in the present tense to report direct speech. When the quote comes first, the subject and verb can be inverted (e.g., 'says Sarah'), which is a common literary style in English storytelling.
中文: 引述動詞「says」以現在式呈現,用於引述直接引語。當引述內容放在前面時,主詞和動詞可以倒裝(例如「says Sarah」),這在英文故事敘述中是一種常見的文學風格。
EN: The Present Perfect tense ('have you ever wondered') is used with 'ever' to ask about life experiences up to the present moment. It is formed with 'have/has' + subject + 'ever' + past participle.
中文: 現在完成式(have you ever wondered)搭配「ever」(曾經)用於詢問截至目前為止的人生經驗。其結構為「have/has + 主詞 + ever + 過去分詞」。
Have you ever visited a factory in another country?
你曾參觀過其他國家的工廠嗎?
EN: An indirect question ('how a simple product reaches your hands') functions as the noun clause object of the verb 'wondered'. Unlike direct questions, indirect questions use normal statement word order (subject + verb) instead of inversion.
中文: 間接問句(how a simple product reaches your hands)在此作為動詞「wondered」的賓語(名詞子句)。與直接問句不同,間接問句使用陳述句語序(主詞 + 動詞),不需倒裝。
Do you know how they make these shoes?
你知道他們是如何製作這些鞋子的嗎?
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the action itself or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. It is commonly used in processes, scientific descriptions, or general facts.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於描述焦點在於動作本身或動作接受者的情況,而非動作的執行者。這常用於流程、科學描述或一般事實中。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上被投遞。
EN: The adverb 'First' is a transition word used to sequence events or steps in a process. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文: 副詞「First」(首先)是用於為流程中的事件或步驟進行排序的過渡詞。它通常放在句子的開頭,後面接逗號。
First, we need to gather all the ingredients.
首先,我們需要收集所有的材料。
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態:由「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」構成。當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時使用。
These cars are made in Japan.
這些汽車是在日本製造的。
EN: Adverbial of Place: Prepositional phrases like 'in large, busy factories' function as adverbials to indicate where the action takes place.
中文: 地方副詞:像「in large, busy factories」這樣的介系詞片語,在此作為副詞功能,用來指示動作發生的地點。
They study in a quiet library.
他們在安靜的圖書館裡學習。
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態:結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象,而非執行者時使用。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上被遞送。
EN: The preposition 'by' to introduce the agent: In passive sentences, 'by' is used to show who or what performs the action.
中文: 使用介係詞「by」來引介執行者:在被動語態中,「by」用來表示是由誰或什麼事物執行該動作。
This book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名作家所寫的。
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the action itself or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'is tested' and 'is shipped' are passive verbs.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於描述動作本身或動作的接受者,而非動作的執行者。在本句中,「is tested」(被測試)和「is shipped」(被運送)皆為被動語態。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上都會被送達。
EN: The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, showing that the action in the main clause happens prior to the action in the subordinate clause. In time clauses, we use the present simple tense ('is shipped') to refer to future or general truths.
中文: 連接詞「before」(在……之前)用於連接兩個子句,表示主句的動作發生在從屬子句之前。在時間副詞子句中,我們使用現在簡單式(如 'is shipped')來表示未來或普遍的事實。
Please wash your hands before you eat.
吃東西前請先洗手。
EN: In modern global logistics and manufacturing, quality control (QC) is a standard procedure. Phrases like 'carefully tested' reflect the high standards expected in consumer electronics and goods production before they are distributed worldwide.
中文: 在現代全球物流與製造業中,品質管制(QC)是一項標準程序。像「carefully tested」(仔細測試)這樣的片語,反映了消費性電子產品與商品在分銷至全球之前,所必須達到的高標準要求。
EN: The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'are packed and sent' is a compound passive verb phrase where the auxiliary verb 'are' applies to both past participles.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中,「are packed and sent」是一個複合被動動詞片語,助動詞「are」同時適用於兩個過去分詞。
The letters are written and posted every Monday.
這些信件在每週一被寫好並寄出。
EN: The preposition 'by' is used to express the method or means of transportation (e.g., by sea, by air, by train). Note that no article (like 'the' or 'a') is used between 'by' and the mode of transport.
中文: 介係詞「by」可用於表示交通或運輸的方式(例如:by sea 海運、by air 空運、by train 搭火車)。請注意,「by」與運輸工具名稱之間不使用任何冠詞(如 the 或 a)。
The goods were transported by air to save time.
貨物是經由空運傳送以節省時間。
EN: The Present Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to emphasize the action rather than the person or thing performing the action. In this sentence, 'are stored' shows that the subject 'they' (the goods) receives the action of being stored.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於強調動作本身,而非執行動作的人或物。在本句中,「are stored」表示主詞「they」(貨物)接受「被存放」這個動作。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上都會被遞送。
EN: Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to show when something happens. When the 'when' clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.
中文: 由「when」(當……時)引導的時間副詞子句用於表示某事發生的時間。當「when」子句放在句首時,會使用逗號將其與主要子句隔開。
When the bell rings, the students leave the classroom.
當鐘聲響起時,學生們離開了教室。
EN: The Present Simple Passive (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. It is commonly used in processes and factual descriptions.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於描述動作,此時焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象,而非執行者。這常用於描述流程和客觀事實。
The letters are delivered every morning.
信件每天早上都會被送達。
EN: The transition word 'Finally' is an adverb used to introduce the last point, step, or item in a sequence or process.
中文: 過渡詞「Finally」(最後)是一個副詞,用於引出序列或流程中的最後一個步驟、要點或項目。
Finally, add a pinch of salt to the soup.
最後,在湯裡加入一小撮鹽。
EN: The passive voice with modal verbs is formed using 'modal verb + be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'can be recycled' indicates that the subject 'many materials' is capable of receiving the action of recycling.
中文: 情態助動詞的被動語態結構為「情態助動詞 + be + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中,「can be recycled」表示主詞「many materials」(許多材料)能夠接受「回收」這個動作。
Plastic bottles can be reused for gardening.
塑膠瓶可以被重複利用於園藝。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'into new things' uses 'into' to express transformation or change of state, showing what the materials become after the recycling process.
中文: 介系詞片語「into new things」中的「into」用來表示轉變或狀態的改變,說明材料在回收過程後變成了什麼。
EN: The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is created' and 'are designed' are passive verbs.
中文: 被動語態(be 動詞 + 過去分詞)用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時。在本句中,「is created」(被產生)和「are designed」(被設計)皆為被動語態。
New solutions are found when people work together.
當人們共同合作時,就會找到新的解決方案。
EN: Adverbs of manner (like 'wisely') describe how an action is performed. They are often formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective and typically modify verbs.
中文: 情狀副詞(如「wisely」)用來描述動作進行的方式。它們通常是在形容詞字尾加上「-ly」形成,用來修飾動詞。
The resources must be used carefully.
這些資源必須被謹慎地使用。
EN: Present Continuous Passive (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress, emphasizing the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文: 現在進行式被動語態(am/is/are + being + 過去分詞)用於描述目前正在進行的動作,強調動作的接受者而非執行者。
New houses are being built in our neighborhood.
我們社區正在建造新房子。
EN: The infinitive of purpose ('to' + base verb) is used to explain the reason or goal of an action, answering the question 'why?'.
中文: 不定詞表示目的(to + 原形動詞)用於解釋某個動作的原因或目標,回答「為什麼」的問題。
She saved money to buy a new laptop.
她存錢是為了買一台新筆記型電腦。
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'our daily lives' (plural subject) is followed by 'are shaped' (passive verb) to show that lives are influenced by design.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態(am/is/are + 過去分詞)用於將焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者。在本句中,「our daily lives」(複數主詞)後面接「are shaped」(被動動詞),表示生活受到設計的形塑。
Many decisions are made by the manager.
許多決定是由經理做出的。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'by + agent' is used in passive sentences to identify who or what performs the action. Here, 'by careful design' indicates that 'careful design' is the force shaping our lives.
中文: 介系詞片語「by + 執行者」在被動語態中用來指出是誰或什麼事物執行了該動作。在這裡,「by careful design」指出「精心設計」是形塑我們生活的力量。
The book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名作家所寫的。
EN: Passive Voice in Present Simple Questions: The structure 'How + are + subject + past participle (V3)?' is used to ask about the process or method of how something is made or done, focusing on the action rather than the doer.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態疑問句:結構為「How + are + 主詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)?」,用於詢問某事是如何被製造或完成的過程或方法,焦點在於動作本身而非執行者。
How are these smart devices used in daily life?
這些智慧裝置在日常生活中是如何被使用的?
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verbs: When reporting what someone said directly, the spoken words are enclosed in quotation marks, and the reporting clause (e.g., 'asks Sarah') can follow. In English, the subject and verb in the reporting clause can be inverted (e.g., 'asks Sarah' instead of 'Sarah asks') for stylistic variety.
中文: 直接引語與引述動詞:直接引用某人說的話時,說話內容會放在引號內,後面接著引述子句(例如「asks Sarah」)。在英文中,引述子句的主詞和動詞可以倒裝(例如用「asks Sarah」代替「Sarah asks」)以增加句型變化。
"Where is the meeting?" asks Ryan.
「會議在哪裡舉行?」萊恩問。
EN: The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than who performs it. It is formed with 'be + past participle'. In this sentence, 'are produced' indicates a present simple passive voice.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於強調動作本身或接受動作的對象,而非執行動作的主體。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞(p.p.)」。在本句中,「are produced」表示現在簡單式的被動語態。
These cars are manufactured in Germany.
這些汽車是在德國製造的。
EN: The word 'overseas' can function as an adverb meaning 'in or to a foreign country, especially across the sea'. When used as an adverb, it directly modifies the verb phrase 'produced in a factory' without needing a preposition before it.
中文: 「overseas」可作為副詞使用,意思是「在海外、去國外(尤指跨越海洋)」。當它作為副詞時,直接修飾動詞片語「produced in a factory」,前面不需要加上介係詞。
Many companies choose to expand their business overseas.
許多公司選擇將業務擴展到海外。
EN: Passive Voice in Questions (Past Simple): To ask a question in the passive voice about a past action, we use the auxiliary verb 'Was' or 'Were' followed by the subject and the past participle of the main verb (Was/Were + Subject + Past Participle).
中文: 過去簡單式的被動語態疑問句:要針對過去發生的被動動作進行提問,我們會使用助動詞「Was」或「Were」,後接主詞和主要動詞的過去分詞(Was/Were + 主詞 + 過去分詞)。
Was the letter sent yesterday?
那封信是昨天寄出的嗎?
EN: Prepositional Phrase 'on time': This phrase functions as an adverb meaning 'at the planned or expected time' (punctual). It is different from 'in time', which means 'early enough' before a deadline or danger.
中文: 介系詞片語「on time」:此片語作為副詞使用,意思是「準時」(在計劃或預期的時間)。它與「in time」(及時,指在截止時間或危險發生前夠早的時間)不同。
The train arrived on time.
火車準時到達了。
EN: The passive voice in the past simple tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the package 'it'), rather than who performed the action.
中文: 過去簡單式的被動語態由「was/were + 過去分詞 (V3)」構成。當說話者的焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象(此處指包裹「it」),而非執行動作的人時,會使用此句型。
The letter was written yesterday.
那封信是昨天寫的。
EN: The preposition 'within' is used to indicate that something happens inside a specific limit of time, meaning 'before the end of' that period.
中文: 介係詞「within」用於表示某事在特定時間限制之內發生,意即在該段時間「結束之前」。
Please reply to this email within three days.
請在三天內回覆這封電子郵件。
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: When using modal verbs (like 'can', 'should', 'must') in the passive voice, the structure is 'modal verb + be + past participle (V3)'. In questions, the modal verb is placed before the subject.
中文: 情態助動詞的被動語態:當在被動語態中使用情態助動詞(如 'can'、'should'、'must')時,結構為「情態助動詞 + be + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在疑問句中,情態助動詞會移至主詞之前。
Can this problem be solved quickly?
這個問題可以被快速解決嗎?
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verbs: In English, when reporting what someone said directly, the spoken words are placed in quotation marks, followed by a reporting verb (like 'asks' or 'says') and the speaker. In present tense narrative, 'asks' is used for questions.
中文: 直接引語與引述動詞:在英文中,直接引用某人說的話時,會將說話內容放在引號內,後面接引述動詞(如 'asks' 或 'says')和說話者。在現在時態的敘述中,'asks' 用於提問。
EN: The passive voice in the present simple tense is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is turned' shows that the subject 'it' (the paper) undergoes the action of being transformed.
中文: 現在簡單式的被動語態結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時,會使用此句型。在本句中,「is turned」表示主詞「it」(紙張)接受了被轉換的動作。
The trash is collected every morning.
垃圾每天早上都會被收集。
EN: The phrasal verb 'turn into' means to change or transform something into something else. In the passive voice, 'be turned into' means to be transformed or converted into another form or object.
中文: 片語動詞「turn into」意為將某物改變或轉換成另一種事物。在被動語態中,「be turned into」表示被轉換或改造為另一種形式或物品。
The old factory was turned into a modern art museum.
這座舊工廠被改建成了現代美術館。
EN: The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In 'are tested', 'are' is the auxiliary verb matching the plural subject 'These toys', and 'tested' is the past participle of 'test'.
中文: 被動語態(be 動詞 + 過去分詞)用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者,而非動作的執行者時。在 'are tested' 中,'are' 是配合複數主詞 'These toys' 的助動詞,而 'tested' 是 'test' 的過去分詞。
These letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上都會被遞送。
EN: The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate purpose or the reason for an action. 'Tested for safety' means the testing is conducted for the purpose of ensuring safety.
中文: 介係詞 'for' 在此處用於表示目的或動作的原因。'Tested for safety' 表示進行測試的目的旨在確保安全。
The water was tested for chemicals.
這水進行了化學物質檢測。
EN: Present Continuous Passive (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress, focusing on the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文: 現在進行式的被動語態(am/is/are + being + 過去分詞)用於描述目前正在進行的動作,其焦點在於動作的接受者而非執行者。
The house is being painted this week.
這棟房子這週正在被粉刷。
EN: Comparative adjectives (e.g., 'greener') are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify. Here, 'greener' means more environmentally friendly than before.
中文: 比較級形容詞(例如「greener」)用於比較其修飾的兩個事物之間的差異。在此處,「greener」指的是比以前更環保。
We need to find a cleaner source of energy.
我們需要尋找更乾淨的能源。
EN: In English news and narratives, when reporting direct speech, it is very common to invert the subject and verb (e.g., 'says Ryan' instead of 'Ryan says'), especially when the subject is a proper noun. This adds a literary or journalistic rhythm to the sentence.
中文: 在英文的新聞報導或故事敘述中,引用直接引語時,非常流行將主詞與動詞倒裝(例如用「says Ryan」代替「Ryan says」),特別是在主詞為專有名詞的時候。這能為句子增添一種文學或新聞報導特有的節奏感。
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is saved' is the present simple passive, showing a general fact. The doer of the action is introduced by the preposition 'by'.
中文: 被動語態(be 動詞 + 過去分詞)用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者,而非執行者時。在本句中,「is saved」是現在簡單式的被動語態,表示一個普遍事實。動作的執行者則由介系詞「by」引導。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN: Direct speech reporting clause. In English, when quoting someone, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') can be placed after the quote. If the subject is a noun (like 'Hana'), the subject and verb can be inverted ('says Hana'), which is common in written stories or news.
中文: 直接引語的引述子句。在英文中,引用某人的話時,引述動詞(例如「says」)可以放在引文之後。如果主詞是專有名詞(如「Hana」),主詞和動詞可以倒裝(變成「says Hana」),這在書面故事或報導中非常常見。
"I am ready," says Leo.
「我準備好了,」里奧說。
EN: The passive voice is used to show that the subject is the recipient of the action. It is formed with 'be + past participle' (is shaped). The doer of the action is introduced by the preposition 'by'.
中文: 被動語態(Passive Voice)用於表示主詞是動作的接受者。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」(is shaped)。執行動作的人或物則由介係詞「by」引導。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.
這間教室每天都由學生們打掃。
EN: The reporting verb 'says' is used to report direct speech. In English, when the direct quote comes first, the subject and the reporting verb can be inverted (e.g., 'says Leo'), especially when the subject is a noun rather than a pronoun.
中文: 引述動詞「says」用於引述直接引語。在英文中,當直接引語放在前面時,主詞和引述動詞可以倒裝(例如「says Leo」),特別是當主詞是名詞而非代名詞時。
"I am tired," says John.
「我累了,」約翰說。
EN: The quote reflects a core philosophy in modern design (such as User-Centered Design or Design Thinking), which emphasizes that products should be created based on solving actual human problems rather than just aesthetic appeal or technological capability.
中文: 這句話反映了現代設計(如「以用戶為中心的設計」或「設計思考」)的核心哲學,強調產品的創造應該基於解決人類的實際問題,而不僅僅是追求美觀或技術能力。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 製造、生產(商品或零件)
在本文中: 回收利用,將廢棄物轉化為新材料或產品
在本文中: 運送、遞送(貨物或包裹)
在本文中: 材料、原料
在本文中: 塑造、決定(事物發展的樣貌或形式)
在本文中: 未經加工的、處於自然狀態的
在本文中: 組裝、裝配(零件以製成成品)
在本文中: 倉庫、貨棧
在本文中: 在海外、在國外
在本文中: 聰明地、高效能地(指機器或系統運作)
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To discard something that is no longer wanted or needed.
扔掉、丟棄
Basic substances in their natural state used to manufacture finished goods.
原材料、原料
At the expected or planned time; punctual.
準時、按時