EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations. The structure consists of an 'if' clause in the Present Simple tense, and a main clause in the Future Simple tense (will + base verb).
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於描述在未來極有可能發生的真實情況。其結構為：if 引導的條件子句使用一般現在時（Present Simple），而主句則使用一般未來時（will + 動詞原形）。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們將會取消野餐。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed directly by a noun or pronoun as its direct object to indicate assisting someone or something.
中文： 動詞「help」（幫助）後面可以直接接名詞或代名詞作為直接受詞，表示協助某人或某事物。
She wants to help the environment.
她想要幫助環境。
EN： In modern English-speaking societies, environmental awareness is highly emphasized. Terms like 'saving energy' and 'helping the planet' are commonly used in schools, media, and daily conversations to promote sustainable living.
中文： 在現代英語系國家中，環保意識備受重視。「saving energy」（節約能源）和「helping the planet」（幫助地球）等表達方式經常出現在學校教育、媒體和日常對話中，用以推廣永續生活方式。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Here, 'had' is the past simple form (expressing a hypothetical condition), and 'would clean' is the hypothetical result.
中文： 第二類條件句（Second Conditional）用於表示與現在或未來事實相反的假設、想像或極不可能發生的情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞, 主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在此句中，「had」為過去式動詞（表示假設條件），而「would clean」則為假設的結果。
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
如果我中樂透，我就會買一棟大房子。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used here to express the consequence of an imagined situation. It indicates what would happen if the condition in the 'if' clause were true.
中文： 助動詞「would」在此處用於表示想像情況下所產生的結果。它指出如果「if」引導的條件句成立，將會發生什麼事。
If she had more time, she would learn to play the piano.
如果她有更多時間，她就會去學彈鋼琴。
EN： This sentence uses the First Conditional structure (If + present simple, will + base verb). It is used to talk about things that are real or possible in the future if a specific condition is met.
中文： 此句使用「第一條件句」（First Conditional）結構（If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型）。它用於描述在特定條件達成下，未來很有可能發生的真實情況。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： The word 'these' is a demonstrative pronoun used here as a determiner to point to specific plural things nearby or recently mentioned.
中文： 「these」是一個指示代名詞，在此處作為限定詞使用，用來指代距離較近或剛才提到過的複數事物（這兩個）。
These books are very interesting.
這些書非常有趣。
EN： This sentence uses the Second Conditional (If + past simple, would + base verb) to talk about an imaginary, hypothetical, or unlikely situation in the present or future. It expresses a condition that is contrary to current reality.
中文： 此句使用「第二類型條件句」（If + 過去簡單式，would + 原形動詞）來描述在現在或未來想像、假設或不太可能發生的情況。它表達了一個與目前事實相反的假設。
If I had a robot, it would clean my room.
如果我有一台機器人，它就會幫我打掃房間。
EN： The word 'less' is used as a determiner to modify uncountable nouns (like 'waste') to indicate a smaller amount of something.
中文： 「less」在此處作為限定詞，用來修飾不可數名詞（如「waste」），表示較少數量的某物。
If we use less plastic, we can protect the oceans.
如果我們減少塑膠的使用，我們就能保護海洋。
EN： Environmental awareness and recycling are key global topics. In many English-speaking countries, waste management is highly structured, and discussing individual responsibility towards the environment (using conditional sentences to reflect on habits) is a common topic in schools and public discourse.
中文： 環保意識與垃圾回收是全球關注的核心議題。在許多英語系國家，垃圾分類與管理非常系統化，在學校和公共討論中，經常會使用條件句來反思個人對環境的責任與習慣。
EN： This sentence uses the First Conditional structure (If + present simple, will + base verb). It is used to talk about real and possible future situations and their likely results.
中文： 此句使用「第一條件句」（If + 現在簡單式，will + 原形動詞）的結構。用來描述在未來極有可能發生、且真實的情況及其可能產生的結果。
If it rains tomorrow, the game will be canceled.
如果明天下雨，比賽將會取消。
EN： The verb 'die' is commonly used in informal English to describe a battery losing all its power or a machine completely stopping its function.
中文： 動詞「die」在英文日常口語中，常用來形容電池「沒電」或機器「完全停止運作」的狀態。
My phone died because I forgot to charge it.
我的手機沒電了，因為我忘記充電。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: If + subject + past simple (using 'were' for all subjects), subject + would + base verb.
中文： 第二類條件句（與現在事實相反的假設）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或純屬想像的情況。其結構為：If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞（不論主詞人稱，Be 動詞一律用 were），主詞 + would + 原形動詞。
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
如果我有錢，我就會環遊世界。
EN： In formal English and conditional structures, 'were' is used instead of 'was' for all subjects (I, he, she, it) in the 'if' clause to express subjunctive mood (unreal situations).
中文： 在正式英文與條件句結構中，if 引導的子句若表示虛擬語氣（非真實情況），不論主詞是第幾人稱（如 I, he, she, it），Be 動詞一律使用 'were' 而非 'was'。
If he were here, he would know what to do.
如果他在這裡，他就會知道該怎麼做。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about things which might happen in the future. The structure is 'If + present simple, will + infinitive'.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）：用於描述未來可能發生的真實情況。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 原形動詞」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們將會取消野餐。
EN： The verb 'improve' can be used as an intransitive verb meaning to become better, without needing a direct object.
中文： 動詞「improve」在此作為不及物動詞使用，表示「改善、變好」，其後不需要接直接受詞。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'were' is used instead of 'was' for all subjects in formal English.
中文： 第二類條件句（Second Conditional）用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、虛擬或想像的情境。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在正式英文中，不論主詞是單數或複數，be 動詞通常一律使用 'were'。
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.
如果我有一百萬美元，我就會買一棟房子。
EN： Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify. For short adjectives (one syllable), we usually add '-er' to the end of the adjective to form the comparative (e.g., 'clean' becomes 'cleaner').
中文： 比較級形容詞（Comparative Adjectives）用於比較兩個事物之間的差異。對於單音節的短形容詞，我們通常在形容詞字尾加上「-er」來形成比較級（例如：「clean」變成「cleaner」）。
This room is cleaner than that one.
這間房間比那間乾淨。
EN： This sentence reflects modern global discussions about environmental sustainability and green technology. In many English-speaking countries, the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is a prominent topic in urban planning and climate change debates.
中文： 這句話反映了現代關於環境永續發展和綠色科技的全球性討論。在許多英語系國家，向電動車（EV）轉型是都市規劃和氣候變遷辯論中的重要議題。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about things which might happen in the future. It describes a possible condition and its probable result. The structure is: 'If + Simple Present, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於描述未來可能發生的情況及其可能產生的結果。其結構為：「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： The comma is used to separate the conditional clause (if-clause) from the main clause when the conditional clause comes first. If the main clause comes first, no comma is needed.
中文： 當條件子句（if 子句）放在句首時，必須使用逗號與主要子句隔開。若主要子句放在前面，則不需要逗號。
The device will stop if the battery dies.
如果電池沒電，裝置就會停止運作。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 第二條件句（與現在事實相反的假設）用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、虛擬或想像的情境。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I had a robot, it would clean my room.
如果我有一台機器人，它就會幫我打掃房間。
EN： The noun 'data' can be used as either an uncountable noun (taking a singular verb) or a plural noun in formal contexts. In everyday English, it is most commonly treated as uncountable, meaning we use 'more data' rather than 'more datas'.
中文： 名詞「data」（數據/資料）在現代英語中通常被視為不可數名詞，因此表示「更多數據」時使用「more data」，不可加複數字尾 -s。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about things which might happen in the future. The structure is 'If + present simple, will + infinitive'.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）：用於描述未來可能發生的真實情況。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 原形動詞」。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： Indefinite Pronoun 'Everyone': Refers to all people in a group. It is grammatically singular and takes a singular verb, though in this sentence it is followed by the modal verb 'will'.
中文： 不定代名詞「Everyone」（每個人）：指群體中的所有人。在文法上視為單數，須搭配單數動詞。在此句中其後接助動詞「will」，故直接接原形動詞。
Everyone wants to be happy.
每個人都想要快樂。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Situation): Used to talk about imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + past simple, would + base verb'.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）：用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、虛擬或不可能實現的情況。結構為「If + 過去簡單式動詞，would + 原形動詞」。
If I had a robot, it would clean my room.
如果我有一台機器人，它就會幫我打掃房間。
EN： The use of 'more' as a pronoun: In this sentence, 'more' acts as a pronoun meaning 'more things' or 'more creative work', eliminating the need to repeat a noun.
中文： 「more」作為代名詞的用法：在此句子中，「more」作為代名詞，意思是「更多事物」或「更多創造性的工作」，從而避免重複名詞。
If we had more time, we could achieve more.
如果我們有更多時間，我們就能成就更多。
EN： This sentence reflects modern discussions about automation and artificial intelligence (AI). In Western tech discourse, there is a popular optimistic view that automating repetitive or 'boring' tasks will free humans to focus on creative, artistic, and higher-level intellectual pursuits.
中文： 這句話反映了現代關於自動化與人工智慧（AI）的討論。在西方的科技論述中，存在一種普遍的樂觀觀點，即重複性或「無聊」的工作自動化後，將能解放人類，讓人類專注於創造性、藝術性以及更高層次的智力追求。
EN： The verb 'imagine' can be followed by a noun clause (also known as an indirect question) starting with a question word like 'how'. In these clauses, the word order is subject + verb (science + could solve), not the auxiliary-first order used in direct questions.
中文： 動詞「imagine」（想像）後面可以接由疑問詞（如「how」）引導的名詞子句（也稱為間接問句）。在此類子句中，語序為「主詞 + 動詞」（science + could solve），而非直接問句中所使用的「助動詞在前」語序。
She explained how the machine works.
她解釋了這台機器是如何運作的。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express possibility or hypothetical ability in a general sense, reflecting the imaginative and speculative tone of the sentence.
中文： 情態動詞「could」在此處用於表達一般意義上的可能性或假設能力，反映出句子中想像與推測的語氣。
I wonder how we could improve our system.
我想知道我們該如何改進我們的系統。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Situation): Used to talk about imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + Subject + Past Simple, Subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 第二條件句（假設語氣）：用於描述在現在或未來想像中、不太可能發生或不可能發生的情況。結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.
如果我有一百萬美元，我就會環遊世界。
EN： Comparative Modifier 'much': The word 'much' can be placed before comparative adjectives (like 'cleaner') to emphasize a large difference.
中文： 比較級修飾語「much」：單字「much」可以放在比較級形容詞（如 cleaner）之前，用以強調程度上的巨大差異（意為「得多」）。
This smartphone is much cheaper than that one.
這款智慧型手機比那一款便宜得多。
EN： In modern environmental discourse, 'clean energy' (such as solar and wind power) is a highly discussed topic. Using the second conditional here reflects a common rhetorical strategy in English to gently urge action by painting a picture of an ideal, yet currently unrealized, green future.
中文： 在現代環保論述中，「乾淨能源」（如太陽能和風力發電）是一個高度討論的話題。在此處使用第二條件句（假設語氣），反映了英語中一種常見的修辭策略：藉由描繪一個理想但目前尚未實現的綠色未來，來溫和地呼籲人們採取行動。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Here, 'had' and 'would drop' show that this is an imaginary scenario.
中文： 第二條件句（Second Conditional）用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、虛擬或想像的情境。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在此句中，「had」與「would drop」表示這是一個假設性的想像情境。
If I had a robot, it would clean my room.
如果我有一台機器人，它就會幫我打掃房間。
EN： The word 'every' is a determiner used before a singular countable noun ('home') to refer to all members of a group. Even though it refers to multiple homes, it grammatically takes a singular verb form (or in this past tense case, agrees with singular conceptual agreement).
中文： 限定詞「every」（每個）用於單數可數名詞（如「home」）之前，用來指代群體中的所有成員。雖然它指的是多個家庭，但在語法上必須接單數名詞，並搭配單數動詞（在此句中為過去式 had，故看不出單複數變化，但概念上為單數）。
Every student in the class has a tablet.
班上的每個學生都有一台平板電腦。
EN： Zero Conditional (Present Real Conditional): Used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or habits. The structure is 'When/If + present simple, present simple'.
中文： 零類條件句（現在真實條件句）：用於描述普遍真理、科學事實或習慣。結構為「When/If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。
When you heat ice, it melts.
當你加熱冰塊時，它會融化。
EN： Parallel Structure with Coordinating Conjunctions: When connecting two verbs with 'and', they should be in the same form (here, both 'save' and 'reduce' are base form verbs sharing the subject 'we').
中文： 對等連接詞的平行結構：當使用「and」連接兩個動詞時，它們必須使用相同的形式（在此處，「save」與「reduce」皆為原型動詞，並共享主詞「we」）。
She exercises daily to stay healthy and reduce stress.
她每天運動以保持健康並減輕壓力。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, recycling is a highly structured civic duty, often categorized by local councils into specific bins (e.g., paper, plastic, compost, landfill). Discussing environmental responsibility using 'we' emphasizes collective social effort.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，垃圾回收是一項高度結構化的公民義務，通常由地方政府細分為特定的垃圾桶（例如：紙類、塑膠、廚餘、一般垃圾）。使用「we」（我們）來討論環境責任，強調了集體的社會努力。
EN： This sentence uses the Second Conditional to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Although the past tense is used in the 'if' clause, it refers to an imaginary present, not the past.
中文： 本句使用「第二類型條件句」（Second Conditional）來表達在現在或未來想像、假設或極不可能發生的情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。雖然在 if 子句中使用了過去式動詞，但它指的是想像中的現在，而非過去的時間。
If I had more time, I would learn how to play the piano.
如果我有更多時間，我就會去學彈鋼琴。
EN： The phrase 'of one's own' is used after a noun to emphasize that something belongs to a specific person and is not shared or borrowed. It adds emphasis to the ownership.
中文： 片語「of one's own」接在名詞後面，用來強調某物專屬於特定的人，而非與他人共用或借來的。這能加強對所有權的語氣。
She wants to open a bakery of her own.
她想要開一家屬於她自己的麵包店。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 第二類型條件句（Second Conditional）用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、虛擬或想像的情境。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.
如果我有一百萬美元，我就會環遊世界。
EN： 'Fewer' is the comparative form of 'few'. It is used with plural countable nouns (like 'people') to indicate a smaller number, whereas 'less' is used with uncountable nouns.
中文： 「Fewer」是「few」的比較級，與複數可數名詞（如「people」）連用，表示較少的人或物；而「less」則用於不可數名詞。
EN： The debate over automation and robots taking over human jobs is a prominent topic in modern technology ethics. This sentence reflects a positive perspective on automation, focusing on safety and the reduction of workplace injuries in hazardous environments.
中文： 關於自動化與機器人取代人類工作的辯論是現代科技倫理中的重要議題。本句反映了對自動化科技的積極看法，著重於在危險工作環境中提升安全性和減少職業傷害。
EN： Zero Conditional with 'When': Used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or things that always happen under certain conditions. The structure is 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'.
中文： 使用 'When' 的零類條件句（Zero Conditional）：用於描述普遍真理、科學事實或在特定條件下必然發生的事情。其結構為「When/If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。
When you freeze water, it becomes ice.
當你冷凍水時，它會變成冰。
EN： Passive Voice in the Present Simple: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle'. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：由「am/is/are + 過去分詞」構成。當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時使用。
The mail is delivered every morning.
信件每天早上被投遞。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Here, 'shared' and 'would move' indicate a hypothetical scenario.
中文： 第二類條件句（與現在事實相反的假設）用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、或純屬想像的假設情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在本句中，'shared' 和 'would move' 表示這是一個假設的情境。
If we had more funding, we would complete the project sooner.
如果我們有更多資金，我們就能更快完成這個專案。
EN： Adverbs of manner (like 'freely') describe how an action is performed. They are often formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective and typically follow the verb or the object they modify.
中文： 地方或狀態副詞（如 'freely'，意為自由地、無保留地）用來修飾動詞，說明動作進行的方式。通常是由形容詞字尾加上 '-ly' 構成，並置於所修飾的動詞或受詞之後。
She speaks her mind freely during the meetings.
她在會議中總是暢所欲言。
EN： This sentence reflects the modern global movement towards 'Open Science' and open-access research. Historically, scientific discoveries were often kept secret or locked behind expensive paywalls. Today, there is a strong cultural push in the academic and tech communities to share data freely to solve global challenges like climate change and pandemics more rapidly.
中文： 這句話反映了現代全球倡導的「開放科學」（Open Science）與學術資源共享運動。在過去，科學發現往往被視為機密，或被鎖在昂貴的付費牆後。如今，學術界與科技界強烈呼籲自由分享數據，以便更快速地解決氣候變遷和流行病等全球性挑戰。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'were' is used for all subjects (including 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it') in formal English.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或純屬想像的情境。其結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在正式英文中，不論主詞為何（包括 I、he、she、it），be 動詞一律使用 'were'。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就會接受那份工作錄取。
EN： Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify. For short adjectives like 'green', we add '-er' to the end to form 'greener', meaning 'more environmentally friendly' in this context.
中文： 比較級形容詞用於比較兩個修飾對象之間的差異。像 'green' 這樣單音節的短形容詞，我們在字尾加上 '-er' 形成 'greener'，在此語境中意指「更環保的」。
This new technology makes our lives cleaner and greener.
這項新技術讓我們的生活更乾淨、更環保。
EN： The verb 'remind' is commonly used in the pattern 'remind + object + that-clause' to make someone remember a fact or connection. The 'that' introducing the noun clause can optionally be omitted in informal speech.
中文： 動詞「remind」（提醒）常用於「remind + 受格 + that 引導的子句」結構中，用來使某人想起某個事實或關聯。在口語中，引導名詞子句的「that」可以省略。
This song reminds me that we should enjoy every moment.
這首歌提醒了我，我們應該享受每一個當下。
EN： A noun clause starting with 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'remind'. Inside this clause, 'small changes' is the subject and 'bring' is the verb.
中文： 由「that」引導的名詞子句在此作為動詞「remind」的直接受格。在該子句內部，「small changes」（微小的改變）是主詞，「bring」（帶來）是動詞。
I believe that hard work pays off.
我相信努力終會有回報。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about things which might happen in the future. The structure is 'If + present simple, will + infinitive verb'. Even though we refer to the future in the 'if' clause, we use the present simple tense.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）：用於描述未來可能發生的真實情況。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 原形動詞」。雖然條件子句指的是未來，但我們必須使用現在簡單式。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： Adverbs of Manner: 'Wisely' is an adverb of manner, which describes how an action is performed. It is formed by adding '-ly' to the adjective 'wise' and modifies the verb 'act'.
中文： 情狀副詞：'wisely'（明智地）是一個情狀副詞，用來修飾動詞 'act'（行動），說明行動的方式。它是由形容詞 'wise' 字尾加上 '-ly' 形成。
EN： This sentence reflects a common philosophical outlook in English-speaking cultures emphasizing personal agency and responsibility: that our actions today directly shape the future. It is often used in motivational speeches and environmental campaigns.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家常見的一種哲學觀，強調個人能動性與責任感：我們今天的行為會直接塑造未來。這種句型常出現在勵志演說和環保宣傳活動中。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) that show a contrast. A comma is typically placed before 'but' when it connects two independent clauses.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」（但是）用於連接兩個表示對比的獨立子句（完整的句子）。當連接兩個獨立子句時，通常會在「but」之前加上逗號。
Technology makes life easier, but it also brings new challenges.
科技讓生活更便利，但它也帶來了新的挑戰。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with singular nouns: In the present simple tense, singular subjects ('Science', 'choices' as plural is different, but 'Science' and 'future' are singular) require verbs to agree in number. 'Science' (singular) takes 'gives' (singular verb), while 'choices' (plural) takes 'shape' (plural verb).
中文： 單數名詞的主詞與動詞一致性：在現在簡單式中，單數主詞（如單數不可數名詞「Science」）需要搭配單數動詞（gives）；而複數主詞（如「choices」）則搭配複數動詞（shape）。
Education opens doors, but actions create opportunities.
教育開啟大門，但行動創造機會。
EN： This sentence reflects a common philosophical theme in modern scientific discourse: while technology and science provide humanity with capabilities (tools), ethical human agency and decisions (choices) are what ultimately determine our destiny. It emphasizes responsibility over mere technological advancement.
中文： 這句話反映了現代科學論述中常見的哲學主題：雖然科技與科學賦予了人類能力（工具），但人類的道德自主性與決定（選擇）才是最終決定我們命運的關鍵。它強調了責任感重於單純的技術進步。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. In this sentence, 'if you could' (past simple of can) and 'What would you invent' (would + base verb) form this conditional structure.
中文： 第二條件句（Second Conditional）用於描述在現在或未來假設、想像或極不可能發生的情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在本句中，「if you could」（can 的過去式）與「What would you invent」（would + 原形動詞）共同構成了這種條件句結構。
If I had a spaceship, I would fly to Mars.
如果我有一艘太空船，我會飛往火星。
EN： In English, when addressing someone directly by their name (vocative case), the name is set off with a comma. If the name is at the end of the sentence, the comma precedes it.
中文： 在英文中，當直接稱呼某人的名字（呼格）時，該名字需要用逗號隔開。如果名字位於句子的末尾，則逗號置於名字之前（如本句中的 ', Emma'）。
Where are you going, Tom?
湯姆，你要去哪裡？
EN： In Western conversations, addressing someone directly by their first name (like 'Emma') during a question is a common way to show friendliness, establish a personal connection, or gently prompt a specific person to answer in a group setting.
中文： 在西方社交對話中，在提問時直接稱呼對方的名字（如「艾瑪」）是一種非常普遍的方式。這能展現友善、建立個人連結，或在群體對話中溫和地引導特定對象做出回答。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + past simple, would + base verb'. In the clause 'If I could', 'could' is the past tense of 'can', representing a hypothetical ability.
中文： 第二類條件句（Second Conditional）用於表示與現在或未來事實相反、假設或極不可能發生的情況。其結構為「If + 過去簡單式，would + 動詞原形」。在此句中，「If I could」中的「could」是「can」的過去式，表示假設的能力。
If I had a robot, it would clean my room.
如果我有一台機器人，它會幫我打掃房間。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used here to express the hypothetical result of an imaginary condition. It indicates what the speaker intends or plans to do in that imaginary scenario.
中文： 情態助動詞「would」在此處用於表示想像條件下所產生的假設結果。它指出說話者在該想像情境中意圖或計劃去做的事。
If we shared research freely, science would move faster.
如果我們自由分享研究成果，科學的進步會更快。
EN： In modern conversations about the environment, 'clean energy' (such as solar, wind, or electric power) is a highly discussed topic. Emma's statement reflects a common aspiration among younger generations to innovate and solve climate issues through technology.
中文： 在現代關於環境的討論中，「乾淨能源」（如太陽能、風能或電力）是一個熱門話題。艾瑪（Emma）的話反映了年輕一代希望透過科技創新來解決氣候問題的共同願望。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於討論現在或未來可能發生的真實情況。其結構為：「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： The phrasal verb 'cut down' means to reduce the size, amount, or quantity of something. It is often followed by the preposition 'on', but can also be used directly with a noun object.
中文： 片語動詞「cut down」意為減少某事物的尺寸、數量或程度。通常後接介係詞「on」，但也可以直接接名詞受詞，表示「削減」或「減少」。
We need to cut down our expenses this month.
我們這個月需要削減開支。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'had' here is the past tense form of 'have' used for hypothesis, not past time.
中文： 第二類條件句（與現在事實相反的假設）用於描述在現在或未來不太可能發生、虛擬或想像的情境。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。請注意，這裡的「had」是「have」的過去式，用於表示假設，而非過去的時間。
If I had more free time, I would learn how to code.
如果我有更多空閒時間，我就會學習如何寫程式。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in the main clause of conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of the imaginary condition.
中文： 助動詞「would」用於條件句的主句中，用來表示想像條件下所產生的假設結果。
If she lived closer, she would visit us more often.
如果她住得近一點，她就會更常來拜訪我們。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about things which might happen in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'. It expresses a real possibility.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）：用於描述未來可能發生的真實情況。結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」，表示極有可能實現的條件與結果。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： Adverbs of Manner: 'fast' is used here as an adverb modifying the verb 'charge'. Unlike many adverbs, 'fast' does not take the '-ly' ending; it has the same form as both an adjective and an adverb.
中文： 情狀副詞：這裡的 'fast' 作為副詞修飾動詞 'charge'（充電）。與許多副詞不同，'fast' 不需要加上 '-ly'，其形容詞與副詞同形。
She drives fast but safely.
她開車很快但很安全。
EN： In modern environmental discourse, 'panels' almost always refers to 'solar panels'. This sentence reflects the growing global interest in renewable energy and smart grid technology.
中文： 在現代環保與科技語境中，'panels'（板）幾乎都是指 'solar panels'（太陽能板）。這句話反映了全球對於再生能源與智慧電網技術日益增長的關注。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Although the past tense is used in the 'if' clause, it refers to an imagined present or future, not the past.
中文： 第二類條件句（Second Conditional）用於描述在現在或未來假設、想像或極不可能發生的情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。雖然在 if 子句中使用了過去式，但它指的是想像中的現在或未來，而非過去。
If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world.
如果我有一百萬美元，我就會去環遊世界。
EN： The phrase 'at home' is a common prepositional phrase meaning inside one's house or place of residence. It does not require an article (like 'the' or 'a') before 'home'.
中文： 片語「at home」是一個常見的介系詞片語，意思是「在家裡」或「在住所」。在「home」前面不需要加上冠詞（如 the 或 a）。
I decided to stay at home and read a book.
我決定留在家裡看書。
EN： This sentence uses the First Conditional (If + present simple, ... will + infinitive) to describe a real and possible future situation or a scientific fact that will happen as a result of a specific action.
中文： 此句使用「第一類條件句」（If + 現在簡單式，... will + 原形動詞）來描述一個真實且可能發生的未來情況，或某個特定行為後必然會發生的科學事實。
If you heat ice, it will melt.
如果你加熱冰，它就會融化。
EN： The verb 'become' is a linking verb used to describe a change in state, followed by a noun phrase ('a liquid') acting as a subject complement.
中文： 動詞「become」（變成）是一個連繫動詞，用於描述狀態的改變，後面接名詞片語（a liquid）作為主詞補語。
Water becomes steam at high temperatures.
水在高溫下會變成蒸汽。
EN： In scientific contexts, conditional sentences are frequently used to state universal truths, physical laws, or predictable outcomes of experiments. The use of 'will' here expresses a high degree of certainty.
中文： 在科學語境中，條件句經常被用來陳述普遍真理、物理定律或實驗中可預測的結果。這裡使用 'will' 表達了極高的確定性。
EN： This sentence uses the First Conditional structure, which is used to talk about real and possible future situations. It consists of an 'if' clause in the simple present tense and a main clause in the simple future tense (will + base verb).
中文： 此句使用了「第一類條件句」（First Conditional）結構，用於描述在未來極可能發生且真實的情況。其結構為：if 引導的從屬子句使用現在簡單式，而主句則使用未來簡單式（will + 原形動詞）。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們將會取消野餐。
EN： The word 'cooler' is the comparative form of the adjective 'cool'. Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (in this case, the temperature of the city before and after planting trees).
中文： 單字 'cooler' 是形容詞 'cool'（涼爽的）的比較級形式。比較級形容詞用於比較其修飾對象之間的差異（在此處指種植樹木前後，城市溫度的變化）。
This room is cooler than the kitchen.
這間房間比廚房還要涼爽。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple (using 'were' for all subjects), subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設語氣（第二類條件句）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或純屬想像的情境。其結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞（不論主詞人稱，Be動詞一律用 were），主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就會接受那份工作機會。
EN： The infinitive 'to help' functions as an adverbial of purpose (an infinitive of purpose), explaining 'why' the speaker would use new technology.
中文： 不定詞「to help」在此處作為副詞修飾語，表示目的（目的不定詞），用來解釋說話者「為什麼」要使用新科技。
EN： The simple future tense with 'will' is used to make predictions about the future based on present opinions or beliefs. It is formed by 'will' followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'shape').
中文： 使用「will」的簡單未來式用於根據目前的觀點或信念對未來做出預測。其結構為「will」後接動詞原形（在此句中為「shape」）。
Hard work today will bring success tomorrow.
今天的努力將會帶來明天的成功。
EN： Nouns can act as adverbs of time to modify the entire sentence or verb phrase. Here, 'today' and 'tomorrow' function as temporal modifiers, indicating when the action or state occurs.
中文： 名詞可以作為時間副詞來修飾整個句子或動詞片語。在這裡，「today」（今天）和「tomorrow」（明天）作為時間修飾語，指出動作或狀態發生的時間。
We need to make a decision today.
我們今天需要做出決定。
EN： This sentence reflects a common proactive and optimistic mindset in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing individual agency and the idea that present actions directly determine future outcomes. It is a popular motivational phrasing often used in business, environmental campaigns, and personal development.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家中常見的積極且樂觀的心態，強調個人的主動性，以及「現在的行動直接決定未來結果」的觀念。這是一種常見的勵志表達方式，常用於商業、環保宣傳和個人成長領域。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 回收利用，將廢物資源化以減少浪費
在本文中： 裝置、設備，通常指電子或機械儀器
在本文中： 改善、提高，使事物變得更好
在本文中： 電動的、用電驅動的
在本文中： 得益、受惠
在本文中： 想像、設想
在本文中： 資源，指可用於生產或幫助生存的物資
在本文中： 材料、原料
在本文中： 工程師
在本文中： 條件、狀況
在本文中： 發明、創造
在本文中： 液體
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Energy that does not pollute the atmosphere when used, such as wind or solar power.
清潔能源、綠色能源
A panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity or heating.
太陽能板
To reduce the size, amount, or quantity of something.
減少、削減
A machine that allows the creation of a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model.
3D 印表機、三維印表機