Luka Modrić: Football in a War Zone莫德里奇：戰火中的足球傳奇
聆聽課程
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EN： The passive construction 'be born' is used to express the event of someone's birth. Since birth is a completed event in the past, we use the past tense 'was/were born'.
中文： 被動結構「be born」用於表達某人的出生。由於出生是過去已完成的事件，因此我們使用過去式「was/were born」。
She was born in a small town in Italy.
她出生在義大利的一個小鎮。
EN： Prepositions of place and time: 'in' is used for years (in 1985), countries (in Croatia), and geographical areas (in a village). When multiple prepositional phrases are used, English typically moves from specific to general or time to place.
中文： 表示地點與時間的介係詞：「in」用於年份（in 1985）、國家（in Croatia）以及地理區域（in a village）。當使用多個介係詞片語時，英文通常會按照時間到地點，或從小範圍到大範圍的順序排列。
They met in 2010 in a crowded cafe in Paris.
他們於 2010 年在巴黎一家擁擠的咖啡館相遇。
EN： Luka Modrić's birthplace, Croatia, was part of Yugoslavia in 1985. The mention of his birth year and peaceful village sets a stark contrast to the Croatian War of Independence which broke out in 1991 when he was just six years old, deeply affecting his childhood.
中文： 盧卡·莫德里奇的出生地克羅埃西亞在 1985 年時仍是南斯拉夫的一部分。這裡提到他的出生年份與安靜的小村莊，與 1991 年（當時他僅六歲）爆發的克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭形成鮮明對比，這場戰爭深深影響了他的童年。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, which establishes the temporal background for the main event in the independent clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」（當……時）用於引導時間副詞子句，為主要子句中發生的事件建立時間背景。
When she arrived at the station, the train had already left.
當她到達車站時，火車已經開走了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'break out' means to start suddenly, usually referring to something undesirable or violent such as a war, fire, or disease.
中文： 片語動詞「break out」意為「突然爆發」，通常指戰爭、火災或疾病等不愉快或暴力事件的突然發生。
A fire broke out in the basement of the building last night.
昨晚大樓的地下室突然發生了火災。
EN： This sentence refers to the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence in 1991, which was part of the breakup of Yugoslavia. For young Luka Modrić, this event marked the end of a peaceful childhood and forced his family to flee their home, a background that deeply shaped his resilient character as a world-class footballer.
中文： 這句話指的是 1991 年爆發的克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭，這是南斯拉夫解體的一部分。對於年幼的盧卡·莫德里奇而言，這一事件標誌著他和平童年的結束，並迫使他的家人逃離家園，這一背景深深塑造了他作為世界級足球運動員堅韌不拔的性格。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was killed' and 'was completely burned' are passive constructions in the past simple tense, emphasizing the tragic events that happened to the grandfather and the home.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「was killed」（被殺害）與「was completely burned」（被完全燒毀）皆為過去簡單式的被動結構，強調祖父與房屋所遭受的悲慘事件。
The old bridge was destroyed during the heavy storm.
那座老橋在強烈暴風雨中被摧毀了。
EN： Sentence adverbs (like 'Sadly') are placed at the beginning of a sentence to express the speaker's attitude or feeling toward the entire situation described in the sentence. They are usually followed by a comma.
中文： 句子副詞（如「Sadly」）置於句首，用以表達說話者對整句所描述情境的態度或感受。通常其後會加上逗號。
Fortunately, everyone escaped from the burning building safely.
幸運的是，每個人都安全地從燃燒的大樓中逃了出來。
EN： This sentence refers to the tragic events of the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995). Luka Modrić's grandfather, after whom he was named, was shot by militants, and their family home in Modrići was burned down, forcing them to flee as refugees. This background highlights the extreme adversity Modrić overcame to become a world-class football star.
中文： 此句指的是克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭（1991-1995年）期間的悲慘事件。盧卡·莫德里奇與他同名的祖父被武裝分子槍殺，他們位於莫德里奇村（Modrići）的家園也被燒毀，迫使他們成為難民逃離家園。這一背景突顯了莫德里奇在成為世界級足球巨星的道路上，所克服的極大逆境。
EN： The past simple tense is used here with a compound predicate ('became' and 'were displaced') to describe completed actions and states in the past. 'Were displaced' is in the passive voice (be + past participle), indicating that an external force (the war) forced them to leave their home.
中文： 此處使用簡單過去式與複合謂語（'became' 和 'were displaced'）來描述過去已完成的動作與狀態。'Were displaced' 為被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞），表示外在力量（戰爭）迫使他們離開家園。
Many families were displaced by the sudden flood and stayed in temporary shelters.
許多家庭因突如其來的洪水而流離失所，並寄宿在臨時避難所中。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'for many long years' uses 'for' to indicate duration. The addition of the adjective 'long' between 'many' and 'years' is a common stylistic device used to emphasize the tediousness, difficulty, or slow passage of time.
中文： 介系詞片語 'for many long years' 使用 'for' 來表示持續的時間。在 'many' 和 'years' 之間加入形容詞 'long' 是一種常見的修辭手法，用以強調時間的漫長、艱辛或難熬。
She worked as a dedicated teacher in the mountain village for many long years.
她在這座山村裡當了一名敬業的老師，度過了許多漫長的歲月。
EN： During the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995), hundreds of thousands of people were displaced. Many refugees, including Luka Modrić's family, had to live in hotels in coastal cities like Zadar, which were converted into makeshift shelters. This background highlights the immense adversity Modrić overcame to become a world-class football star.
中文： 在克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭（1991-1995年）期間，數十萬人流離失所。包括盧卡·莫德里奇一家在內的許多難民，不得不居住在札達爾等沿海城市的旅館裡，這些旅館當時被改建為臨時避難所。這一背景突顯了莫德里奇在成為世界級足球巨星之前，所克服的巨大逆境。
EN： The verb 'learn' can be followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express acquiring the ability or knowledge to perform an action.
中文： 動詞「learn」（學習）後面可以接不定詞（to + 原形動詞），用來表示學會或習得做某個動作的能力或知識。
She learned to swim when she was five years old.
她在五歲時學會了游泳。
EN： Prepositions of place: 'in' is used to indicate being inside a defined three-dimensional space or area, such as a parking lot, room, or building.
中文： 地方介係詞：介係詞「in」用於表示在某個有界限的三維空間或區域之內，例如停車場、房間或建築物內部。
The children were playing in the garden.
孩子們正在花園裡玩耍。
EN： In British English and most of the world (including Croatia), the sport is called 'football', whereas in American English it is known as 'soccer'. Since the context is about a European player, 'football' is used here to refer to association football.
中文： 在英式英語及世界上大多數國家（包括克羅埃西亞），這項運動被稱為「football」，而在美式英語中則被稱為「soccer」。由於本篇背景是關於一位歐洲球員，因此這裡使用「football」來指稱足球。
EN： The past continuous tense (was/were + verb-ing) is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific moment in the past, often serving as the background for another action.
中文： 過去進行式（was/were + 動詞-ing）用於描述在過去特定時刻正在進行的動作，通常作為另一個動作發生的背景。
The children were sleeping when the storm started.
暴風雨開始時，孩子們正在睡覺。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'while' is used to connect two actions happening at the same time, often emphasizing that one action was in progress while another occurred.
中文： 從屬連接詞「while」（當……時）用於連接兩個同時發生的動作，通常強調其中一個動作在另一個動作發生時正處於進行狀態。
She read a book while she was waiting for the bus.
她在等公車時讀了一本書。
EN： This sentence highlights the harsh reality of the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995). For children like Luka Modrić, the sound of air raid sirens was a terrifying daily occurrence, yet sports like football (soccer) provided a vital psychological escape and a sense of normalcy amidst the trauma of war.
中文： 這句話凸顯了克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭（1991-1995年）的殘酷現實。對於像盧卡·莫德里奇這樣的孩子來說，防空警報聲是每天令人恐懼的日常，然而像足球這樣的運動，在戰爭的創傷中為他們提供了至關的心靈寄託與一絲正常生活的感覺。
EN： The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast. It is followed by a noun, noun phrase, or gerund (-ing form), but never by a full clause (subject + verb).
中文： 介係詞「despite」（儘管）用於表示對比。其後必須接名詞、名詞片語或動名詞（-ing 形式），絕對不能接完整的子句（主詞 + 動詞）。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a walk.
儘管下著大雨，他們還是決定去散步。
EN： The verb 'give' is a ditransitive verb, which means it can take two objects: an indirect object (him) representing the recipient, and a direct object (immense joy) representing the thing being given.
中文： 動詞「give」（給予）是一個雙賓動詞（授與動詞），這意味著它可以接兩個受詞：間接受詞（him，代表接受者）和直接受詞（immense joy，代表被給予的事物）。
She gave her brother a beautiful book for his birthday.
她送給她弟弟一本精美的書作為生日禮物。
EN： This sentence refers to the childhood of Croatian football star Luka Modrić during the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995). It highlights how sports, particularly football (soccer), served as a powerful psychological escape and source of hope for children living through the trauma of war in the Balkans.
中文： 這句話描述了克羅埃西亞足球球星盧卡·莫德里奇在克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭（1991-1995年）期間的童年經歷。它強調了體育運動（特別是足球）如何成為生活在巴爾幹半島戰爭創傷中的兒童，在心理上的強大避風港與希望泉源。
EN： The verb pattern 'provide someone with something' is used to specify what is being given to a person. 'Provide' is the transitive verb, 'someone' is the indirect object, and 'with' introduces the direct object (the thing provided).
中文： 動詞片語「provide someone with something」（為某人提供某物）用於說明給予某人某種事物。其中「provide」是及物動詞，後面接「人」作為受詞，並用介係詞「with」引導所提供的「事物」。
The school provides all students with free textbooks.
學校為所有學生提供免費的教科書。
EN： The superlative adjective 'the darkest' is used to describe the extreme degree of a quality. It is formed by adding '-est' to the short adjective 'dark' and is preceded by the definite article 'the'. Here, it metaphorically describes the most difficult or saddest period.
中文： 最高級形容詞「the darkest」（最黑暗的）用於描述某種特質達到極限的程度。它是在單音節形容詞「dark」後面加上「-est」構成，前面必須加上定冠詞「the」。在此處，它隱喻性地用來形容最艱難、最悲傷的時期。
Even in the darkest moments of her life, she never gave up.
即使在她生命中最黑暗的時刻，她也從未放棄。
EN： The phrase 'the beautiful game' is a widely recognized nickname for association football (soccer). Popularized by the Brazilian legend Pelé, it highlights the artistic, creative, and unifying nature of the sport, which is deeply felt in countries like Croatia where football brings immense national pride.
中文： 「the beautiful game」（美麗的運動）是足球運動（football/soccer）在英語世界中廣為人知的別稱。這個說法因巴西傳奇球星比利（Pelé）而流行，強調了這項運動的藝術性、創造力與凝聚力。在克羅埃西亞等視足球為國家驕傲的國家，這種情感尤為深厚。
EN： The preposition 'for' can be used to introduce the reason for an action, often followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or a noun phrase. In this sentence, 'for being...' explains the reason why the coaches rejected him.
中文： 介係詞「for」可用於引入某個動作的原因，後面通常接動名詞（V-ing）或名詞片語。在本句中，「for being...」解釋了教練們拒絕他的原因。
The teacher praised the student for working so hard.
老師稱讚這位學生，因為他如此努力學習。
EN： The adverb 'too' is used before adjectives or adverbs to mean 'more than is needed or wanted' (excessive). It often carries a negative connotation in this context.
中文： 副詞「too」（太、過於）用於形容詞或副詞之前，表示「超出所需或所想的程度」（過度）。在此語境中通常帶有負面意涵。
The coffee was too hot to drink.
這咖啡太燙了，沒辦法喝。
EN： In professional football (soccer), physical stature and strength are often highly valued, especially in European leagues. Many talented players, including global stars like Luka Modrić and Lionel Messi, faced early skepticism from scouts and coaches who believed they were physically unsuited for the rigorous demands of the sport. Modrić's success proved that technical intelligence, vision, and determination can overcome physical limitations.
中文： 在職業足球運動中，身材與力量通常受到高度重視，特別是在歐洲聯賽。許多才華橫溢的球員，包括像盧卡·莫德里奇和梅西這樣的全球巨星，在早期都曾面臨球探和教練的質疑，認為他們的體格無法適應這項運動的激烈對抗。莫德里奇的成功證明了技術智慧、視野和決心可以克服身體素質的局限。
EN： The verb 'prove' can be used in a complex transitive pattern: 'prove + object + object complement (adjective)'. This structure is used to show that someone or something is shown to have a certain quality through actions or evidence.
中文： 動詞「prove」（證明）可用於複合及物動詞句型：「prove + 受詞 + 受詞補語（形容詞）」。此結構用於表示透過行動或證據顯示某人或某事具有某種特質。
The new evidence proved him innocent.
新證據證明他是無辜的。
EN： Compound adjectives like 'determined' (verb past participle acting as adjective) and noun-modifier sequences like 'young midfielder' are used to build detailed noun phrases. Here, 'the determined young midfielder' functions as the complete subject.
中文： 複合形容詞如「determined」（由動詞過去分詞轉化為形容詞）與名詞修飾序列如「young midfielder」用於構建詳細的名詞片語。在此處，「the determined young midfielder」作為完整的生動主詞。
EN： The linking verb 'become' is used to describe a transition or change in state. It is followed by a noun phrase ('the creative heartbeat...') acting as a subject complement, which describes or identifies the subject.
中文： 連繫動詞「become」（成為）用於描述狀態的轉變或變化。其後接名詞片語（the creative heartbeat...）作為主詞補語，用以說明或識別主詞的身份或狀態。
She eventually became a successful software engineer.
她最終成為了一名成功的軟體工程師。
EN： The possessive form 's (noun + 's) is used here with a proper noun ('Real Madrid's') to indicate ownership or association with the noun that follows ('legendary midfield').
中文： 所有格形式「's」（名詞 + 's）在此處與專有名詞（Real Madrid's）結合，用以表示與其後名詞（legendary midfield，傳奇中場）的所有權或關聯關係。
The team's victory celebrated the coach's hard work.
該隊的勝利慶祝了教練的辛勤付出。
EN： In football (soccer) terminology, the 'heartbeat' of a team refers to the central midfielder who controls the tempo, dictates play, and connects defense with attack. Real Madrid is one of the most successful and famous football clubs in the world, and their midfield trio (including Modrić) during the 2010s is widely considered one of the greatest in football history.
中文： 在足球術語中，球隊的「heartbeat」（心臟/核心）指的是控制比賽節奏、主導進攻並連結攻防的中場核心球員。皇家馬德里是世界上最成功且著名的足球俱樂部之一，他們在 2010 年代的黃金中場組合（包括莫德里奇在內）被廣泛認為是足球史上最偉大的中場組合之一。
EN： Compound Predicate: A compound predicate occurs when a single subject (here, 'He') performs multiple actions. The verbs are joined by a coordinating conjunction (here, 'and'). Both verbs ('played' and 'won') must agree with the subject and share the same tense (past tense).
中文： 複合謂語（Compound Predicate）：當單一主詞（此處為 'He'）執行多個動作時，會使用複合謂語。這些動詞由對等連接詞（此處為 'and'）連接。兩個動詞（'played' 和 'won'）必須與主詞保持一致，並使用相同的時態（過去式）。
She sang beautifully and played the piano for the audience.
她優美地歌唱，並為觀眾彈奏鋼琴。
EN： Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs of manner (like 'beautifully') describe how an action is performed. They are typically formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective and usually follow the verb they modify.
中文： 地方/方式副詞（Adverbs of Manner）：方式副詞（如 'beautifully'）用來描述動作是如何進行的。它們通常是在形容詞字尾加上 '-ly' 形成，並通常置於所修飾的動詞之後。
They worked efficiently to finish the project on time.
他們高效地工作以準時完成專案。
EN： The UEFA Champions League (often referred to simply as the Champions League) is Europe's most prestigious club football tournament. Winning it six times is an extraordinary achievement, putting Luka Modrić among an elite group of players with the most titles in football history, primarily achieved during his legendary career with Real Madrid.
中文： 歐洲冠軍聯賽（通常簡稱為歐冠）是歐洲最負盛名的俱樂部足球賽事。贏得六次冠軍是一項非凡的成就，這使盧卡·莫德里奇成為足球史上獲得該頭銜次數最多的精英球員之一，這一成就主要是他在皇家馬德里傳奇職業生涯期間所取得的。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： （因戰爭、天災等）被迫離開家園的，流離失所的
在本文中： 極大的，巨大的
在本文中： 意志堅定的，下定決心的
在本文中： （足球等運動中的）中場球員
在本文中： 批評者，反對者
在本文中： 核心，最重要、最活躍的部分（比喻用法）
在本文中： 傳奇的，名聲顯赫的
在本文中： 有聲望的，享有極高聲譽的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To start suddenly (usually referring to war, disease, or fire).
（戰爭、疾病或火災等）突然爆發
A siren used to warn the public of an approaching attack by enemy aircraft.
防空警報
To show by one's actions or achievements that those who doubted or criticized them were incorrect.
用行動證明所有批評他的人完全錯了