Luka Modrić: The Fifth and Final莫德里奇：中場大師的傳奇史詩
聆聽課程
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EN： The verb 'captain' is used transitively here, meaning 'to lead or act as captain of a team or group'. It is often followed by the destination or achievement reached under that leadership, using the preposition 'to'.
中文： 動詞「captain」在此作及物動詞使用，意思是「擔任（隊伍或團體）的隊長並帶領之」。通常後接介係詞「to」來表示在該領導下所達到的目的地或成就。
She captained the national basketball team to a gold medal in the Olympics.
她帶領國家籃球隊在奧運會上奪得金牌。
EN： Apposition (同位語): 'a small nation of just four million people' is an appositive noun phrase. It is placed next to the noun 'Croatia' to define or explain it, separated by commas.
中文： 同位語：名詞片語「a small nation of just four million people」放在名詞「Croatia」旁邊，用來補充說明或解釋它，前後用逗號隔開。
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the most populous cities in the world.
東京（日本的首都）是世界上人口最多的城市之一。
EN： Croatia's run to the 2018 World Cup final is considered one of the greatest underdog stories in modern sports history. With a population of only about 4 million, they defied all odds to reach the biggest stage in football, led by their talismanic captain Luka Modrić, who won the Golden Ball (best player of the tournament) despite losing the final to France.
中文： 克羅埃西亞在 2018 年世界盃闖入決賽，被視為現代運動史上最偉大的黑馬故事之一。在隊長盧卡·莫德里奇（Luka Modrić）的帶領下，這個人口僅約四百萬的小國克服了重重困難，登上了足球界最大的舞台。儘管決賽惜敗法國，莫德里奇仍榮獲了象徵賽事最佳球員的「金球獎」。
EN： Compound Predicates: A compound predicate features two or more verbs (performed, won) sharing the same subject (He), connected by a coordinating conjunction (and). This structure allows for concise writing by avoiding the repetition of the subject.
中文： 複合謂語（Compound Predicates）：複合謂語是指同一個主詞（He）同時擁有兩個或以上的動詞（performed、won），並由對等連接詞（and）連接。這種結構能避免重複主詞，使句子更為精煉。
She designed the website and successfully launched it last week.
她設計了這個網站，並在下週成功將其上線。
EN： Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs like 'brilliantly' and 'proudly' modify verbs to describe how an action is performed. They typically end in '-ly' and can be placed either after the verb ('performed brilliantly') or before the verb ('proudly won').
中文： 情狀副詞（Adverbs of Manner）：像 'brilliantly'（出色地）和 'proudly'（自豪地）這樣的副詞用來修飾動詞，描述動作進行的方式。它們通常以 '-ly' 結尾，可以放在動詞之後（如 'performed brilliantly'）或動詞之前（如 'proudly won'）。
They sang beautifully and passionately received the applause.
他們優美地歌唱，並熱情地接受了掌聲。
EN： The 'Golden Ball' (Ballon d'Or) is the most prestigious individual award in world football, presented annually to the best performing player. Modrić's win in 2018 was highly significant as it broke the decade-long dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, marking a historic moment in modern sports history.
中文： 「金球獎」（Ballon d'Or）是世界足壇最負盛名的個人榮譽，每年頒發給表現最出色的球員。莫德里奇在 2018 年的獲獎意義非凡，因為它打破了梅西和羅納度長達十年的壟斷，成為現代體育史上的一個歷史性時刻。
EN： The adverb 'also' is used to add new information. In sentences with simple tenses (like the simple past 'won'), 'also' is typically placed directly before the main verb.
中文： 副詞「also」（也）用於添加新資訊。在簡單時態（如一般過去式「won」）的句子中，「also」通常直接置於主要動詞之前。
She also finished her homework before dinner.
她也在晚餐前完成了功課。
EN： The past participle 'coveted' is used as an adjective modifying the noun 'trophy'. It is preceded by the adverb 'highly' to form a compound modifier 'highly coveted', meaning 'extremely desired by many'.
中文： 過去分詞「coveted」在此作形容詞使用，修飾名詞「trophy」（獎盃）。前面加上副詞「highly」構成複合修飾語「highly coveted」，意思是「備受矚目的」或「人人渴望得到的」。
The Nobel Prize is a highly coveted award in science.
諾貝爾獎是科學界一項備受矚目的獎項。
EN： The Ballon d'Or (French for 'Golden Ball') is an annual football award presented by French news magazine France Football since 1956. It is widely regarded as the most prestigious individual award for football players. Modrić's win in 2018 was historic because it broke the decade-long dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, who had won every single Ballon d'Or since 2008.
中文： 金球獎（Ballon d'Or，法語意為「黃金球」）是由法國新聞雜誌《法國足球》自1956年起舉辦的年度足球獎項。它被廣泛視為足球界最負盛名的個人榮譽。莫德里奇在2018年的獲獎具有歷史性意義，因為他打破了梅西和羅納度自2008年以來長達十年的壟斷局面。
EN： The past participle phrase 'held by...' is used as an adjective phrase to modify the preceding noun 'duopoly'. It is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'which was held by...'.
中文： 過去分詞片語「held by...」（由……所保持/壟斷）在此作形容詞片語，用來修飾前面的名詞「duopoly」（雙雄壟斷）。這是一種簡化的關係子句，由「which was held by...」省略而來。
The record held by the young athlete was finally broken yesterday.
那位年輕運動員所保持的紀錄昨天終於被打破了。
EN： Compound adjectives can be formed by combining a number and a singular noun (e.g., 'ten-year'). Note that the noun 'year' must be in its singular form when hyphenated to function as a modifier before a noun.
中文： 複合形容詞可以透過「數字 + 單數名詞」並加上連字號來構成（例如「ten-year」）。請注意，當名詞（如 year）用連字號連接作為名詞前的修飾語時，必須使用單數形式。
They signed a five-year contract with the new company.
他們與新公司簽署了一份為期五年的合約。
EN： The term 'duopoly' traditionally refers to an economic market dominated by two sellers. In football (soccer) culture, it describes the unprecedented decade (2008–2017) where Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo dominated the Ballon d'Or awards, winning five trophies each. Luka Modrić's win in 2018 was a monumental event in sports history as it broke this absolute dominance.
中文： 「duopoly」一詞傳統上指由兩大賣家壟斷的經濟市場。在足球文化中，它被用來形容 2008 年至 2017 年間，梅西與羅納度對「金球獎」長達十年的史無前例壟斷（兩人各得五次獎項）。莫德里奇在 2018 年的獲獎打破了這一絕對統治，成為體育史上的一大里程碑。
EN： Hyphenated Compound Adjectives: When multiple words are combined with hyphens to modify a noun (e.g., 'forty-year-old'), they function as a single adjective. Note that the noun inside the hyphenated modifier ('year') must be in its singular form, even if the number is greater than one.
中文： 連字號複合形容詞：當多個單字用連字號連接以修飾名詞時（例如「forty-year-old」），它們的作用如同單一形容詞。請注意，複合修飾語中的名詞（如「year」）必須使用單數形式，即使前面的數字大於一也是如此。
The company moved into a ten-story building last month.
這間公司上個月搬進了一棟十層樓高的建築。
EN： The Emphatic Determiner 'Every Single': The word 'single' can be added after 'every' to emphasize that each individual member of a group is being referred to without exception. It is always followed by a singular countable noun.
中文： 強調限定詞「Every Single」：在「every」後面加上「single」可以用來強調群體中的每一個個體，表示毫無例外。其後方總是接單數可數名詞。
She read every single book in the local library.
她讀完了當地圖書館裡的每一本書。
EN： In football (soccer), to 'start' a match means to be in the starting lineup (the first 11 players on the pitch), which is a sign of a player's key importance to the team. For a forty-year-old outfield player to start every single match at a tournament as physically demanding as the World Cup is an extraordinary athletic feat, reflecting Modrić's legendary stamina and professionalism.
中文： 在足球運動中，「start」（先發）代表球員進入了先發陣容（場上的前11名球員），這象徵著該球員對球隊的核心重要性。對於一位四十歲的非守門員（場上球員）來說，能在世界盃這樣對體能要求極高的頂級賽事中每場都擔任先發，是一項非凡的體能奇蹟，這充分展現了莫德里奇傳奇般的耐力與職業自律。
EN： The verb 'mark' is often used in written English to signify that an event is a milestone or represents an important point in time or history.
中文： 動詞「mark」（標誌著/代表）常用於書面英文中，用來表示某個事件是一個里程碑，或代表時間、歷史上的重要時刻。
This graduation ceremony marks the beginning of a new chapter in her life.
這場畢業典禮標誌著她人生新篇章的開始。
EN： Using coordinate adjectives like 'fifth and final' joined by 'and' helps to emphasize two distinct qualities of a single noun ('appearance') in a structured way.
中文： 使用由「and」連接的並列形容詞（如「fifth and final」，第五次也是最後一次）有助於以結構化的方式，強調單一名詞（此處為「appearance」）的兩個不同特質。
This is his first and only opportunity to study abroad.
這是他第一次也是唯一一次出國留學的機會。
EN： The 'global tournament' refers to the FIFA World Cup, which is widely considered the most prestigious association football tournament in the world, held every four years. For a player to appear in five different World Cups is an extremely rare and historic achievement, putting them in an elite group of football legends.
中文： 這裡的「全球賽事」（global tournament）指的是國際足總世界盃（FIFA World Cup），它被廣泛認為是世界上最負盛名的足球賽事，每四年舉辦一次。對於一名球員來說，能夠在五屆不同的世界盃中亮相是一項極其罕見且具歷史意義的成就，這使他們躋身於足球傳奇人物的殿堂。
EN： The use of the sentence adverb 'Unfortunately' at the beginning of a sentence. Sentence adverbs (or disjuncts) modify the entire clause that follows, expressing the speaker's attitude or evaluation of the situation.
中文： 句首副詞「Unfortunately」（遺憾的是）的用法。這種句子副詞（或稱情態副詞）用來修飾其後的整個子句，用以表達說話者對該情況的態度或評價。
Fortunately, the rain stopped before the outdoor concert started.
幸運的是，雨在戶外音樂會開始前就停了。
EN： The structure 'the round of [number]' is used in sports tournaments to refer to a specific elimination stage where a certain number of competitors remain (e.g., the round of sixteen, the round of thirty-two).
中文： 「the round of [數字]」的結構用於體育賽事中，指代剩下特定參賽人數的淘汰賽階段（例如：十六強賽、三十二強賽）。
The team managed to qualify for the round of sixteen after a dramatic victory.
該隊在贏得一場戲劇性的勝利後，成功晉級十六強賽。
EN： In international sports tournaments like the FIFA World Cup, 'run' refers to a team's series of matches or progress in the tournament. The 'round of thirty-two' is the first knockout stage after the group stage in many large-scale tournaments, where 32 teams compete to advance to the round of sixteen.
中文： 在國際體育賽事（如國際足總世界盃）中，「run」指的是一個球隊在錦標賽中的一系列比賽或晉級歷程。「round of thirty-two」（三十二強賽）是許多大型賽事中分組賽之後的第一階段淘汰賽，由32支球隊爭奪晉級十六強的資格。
EN： The verb 'conclude' is used intransitively here with the preposition 'with' (conclude with something) to indicate the final result or the manner in which an event or period of time ends.
中文： 動詞「conclude」（結束/終結）在此處作為不及物動詞，與介係詞「with」連用（conclude with something），用來表示某個事件或時期結束時的最終結果或方式。
The three-day music festival concluded with a spectacular fireworks display.
為期三天的音樂節在壯麗的煙火表演中圓滿落幕。
EN： The preposition 'against' is used to indicate opposition, competition, or contact. In sports contexts, it introduces the opponent or rival team.
中文： 介係詞「against」用於表示對抗、競爭或接觸。在體育運動的語境中，它用來引出對手或敵對隊伍。
Our school basketball team will play against the defending champions tomorrow.
我們學校的籃球隊明天將對抗衛冕冠軍。
EN： In sports, a score like 'two-to-one' (2-1) represents a very close match, often described as a 'narrow loss' for the losing side. Portugal and Croatia are both European football powerhouses, making their match-ups highly anticipated and intense global sporting events.
中文： 在體育運動中，「two-to-one」（一比二，英文習慣先說勝方分數或順著語境敘述）代表一場非常接近的比賽，輸球的一方通常會被形容為「narrow loss」（惜敗/微弱差距落敗）。葡萄牙和克羅埃西亞都是歐洲足球強權，這使得他們的對決成為備受矚目且競爭激烈的全球體育盛事。
EN： The preposition 'across' is used here to mean 'throughout' or 'spanning over' a period of time or a series of events, indicating the extent of his participation over multiple tournaments.
中文： 介系詞「across」在此處表示「橫跨」或「跨越」一段時間或一系列事件，用來指出莫德里奇在多屆賽事中參與的廣度。
The legendary singer released thirty albums across four decades.
這位傳奇歌手在跨越四十年的時間裡共發行了三十張專輯。
EN： The phrase 'In total' is a transitional adverbial phrase used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a summarizing figure or final count, often followed by a comma.
中文： 片語「In total」（總共）是一個過渡性的副詞片語，常用於句首以引出總結數字或最終統計，其後通常會加上逗號。
In total, the charity raised over one million dollars.
總共，該慈善機構籌集了超過一百萬美元。
EN： Luka Modrić's achievement of playing in 23 World Cup matches across 5 tournaments (2006, 2014, 2018, 2022, 2026) cement his status as one of the greatest midfielders of all time. For a small nation like Croatia to consistently perform at the highest level is a testament to their incredible footballing culture and Modrić's enduring longevity.
中文： 盧卡·莫德里奇在五屆世界盃（2006、2014、2018、2022、2026年）中累計出場23次，這奠定了他作為有史以來最偉大中場球員之一的地位。對於克羅埃西亞這樣一個人口稀少的小國來說，能夠持續在世界最高舞台上展現頂尖實力，充分證明了他們強大的足球文化以及莫德里奇驚人的運動生涯壽命。
EN： The prepositional structure 'from A to B' is used to express movement, progression, or a range between two points, whether physical, temporal, or metaphorical.
中文： 介係詞結構「from A to B」（從 A 到 B）用於表示兩點之間的移動、進展或範圍，不論是空間上、時間上還是隱喻上的轉變。
She climbed the career ladder from an entry-level intern to the chief executive officer.
她一步步往上爬，從基層實習生晉升為執行長。
EN： The noun phrase 'a long way' functions adverbially here to modify the verb 'traveled', indicating a significant distance or a long journey of personal progress.
中文： 名詞片語「a long way」（很長的路途）在此處作副詞功能使用，用以修飾動詞「traveled」，表示移動了極長的距離，或在個人發展上經歷了漫長的歷程。
EN： This sentence refers to Luka Modrić's childhood during the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995). After his grandfather was killed, his family fled and lived as refugees in a hotel in Zadar. Despite these hardships, he practiced football in the hotel's parking lot, eventually rising to become one of the greatest midfielders in football history.
中文： 此句描述了莫德里奇在克羅埃西亞獨立戰爭（1991-1995年）期間的童年經歷。在他的祖父遇害後，他的家人逃亡並在札達爾（Zadar）的一家旅館裡過著難民生活。儘管面臨這些艱難困苦，他仍在旅館的停車場練習踢球，最終克服逆境，成為足球史上最偉大的中場球員之一。
EN： The verb 'carry' is used metaphorically here to mean 'to contain or convey a message, meaning, or consequence'. It is a transitive verb that connects the subject ('story') to the direct object ('lesson').
中文： 動詞「carry」（攜帶/承載）在此處作比喻性用法，意思是「包含或傳達（訊息、意義或後果）」。它是一個及物動詞，用來連接主詞（story）與直接受詞（lesson）。
His words always carry a deep meaning.
他的話語總是蘊含著深意。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of the 'lesson'. It shows who the lesson is intended to reach or benefit.
中文： 介係詞「for」在此處用於表示「啟示」（lesson）的接受者或受益者，指出這個啟示是傳達給誰或對誰有益的。
This book provides great advice for young entrepreneurs.
這本書為年輕的創業家提供了極佳的建議。
EN： The use of the auxiliary verb 'does not' (do-support) to form a negative statement in the simple present tense. When 'does' is used for a third-person singular subject ('your difficult beginning'), the main verb ('decide') must be in its base form.
中文： 使用助動詞「does not」（do-support）來構成一般現在時的否定句。當主詞為第三人稱單數（「your difficult beginning」）時，後方的主要動詞（「decide」）必須使用原形動詞。
A single mistake does not define your entire character.
單一的錯誤並不能定義你完整的人格。
EN： The use of possessive determiners ('your') to modify nouns ('beginning', 'ending'). Possessive determiners indicate ownership or association and always precede the noun and any accompanying adjectives.
中文： 所有格限定詞（「your」）的使用，用來修飾名詞（「beginning」、「ending」）。所有格限定詞表示所有權或關聯性，且總是置於名詞及修飾該名詞的形容詞之前。
Their hard work paved the way for their future success.
他們的努力為他們未來的成功鋪平了道路。
EN： This sentence encapsulates a universal, inspiring theme of resilience and self-determination, which is highly valued in modern global culture. It echoes the classic 'rags to riches' narrative, emphasizing that one's background or early struggles (like Modrić's childhood as a refugee) do not limit their potential for ultimate success.
中文： 這句話概括了現代全球文化中極為推崇的「韌性」與「自我決定」的普世勵志主題。它與經典的「白手起家」敘事相呼應，強調一個人的背景或早期的掙扎（如莫德里奇作為難民的童年）並不會限制他們獲得最終成功的潛力。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 擔任（運動隊）的隊長並率領
在本文中： 人人稱羨的、夢寐以求的
在本文中： 雙頭壟斷、雙雄並立的局面
在本文中： （體育賽事中的）系列比賽、征戰歷程
在本文中： 結束、畫下句點
在本文中： （勝負差距）微小的、險勝的
在本文中： 難民
在本文中： 鼓舞人心的、啟發人心的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
An award presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals tournament.
金球獎（世界盃最佳球員獎）
A round in a knockout tournament involving 32 competitors or teams.
32強淘汰賽
To make significant progress, or to experience a long and difficult journey to achieve success.
歷經千辛萬苦、走了很長的一段路（取得巨大成就）