EN： The verb 'tell' is a ditransitive verb, often followed by an indirect object (the person being told) and a prepositional phrase starting with 'about' to indicate the topic.
中文： 動詞「tell」是一個雙賓語動詞，通常後面接間接賓語（被告知的人），並使用由「about」引導的介系詞短語來表示談論的主題。
She told her parents about her decision to study abroad.
她告訴父母關於她決定出國留學的事情。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to meet) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, explaining why the visit to the Vatican took place.
中文： 「不定詞」（to meet）在此處用作目的狀語，解釋前往梵蒂岡訪問的原因。
He went to the library to borrow some books.
他去圖書館是為了借一些書。
EN： The Vatican is the smallest independent state in the world and the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. A meeting between a tech leader like Tim Cook and the Pope signifies a dialogue between modern innovation and traditional ethics/spirituality.
中文： 梵蒂岡是世界上最小的獨立國家，也是羅馬天主教會的總部。像庫克這樣的科技領袖與教宗的會面，象徵著現代創新與傳統倫理/精神層面之間的對話。
EN： The phrase 'rather than' is used to express a preference or to contrast two things, meaning 'instead of'. It is often used to emphasize that the first option is chosen or relevant over the second.
中文： 短語「rather than」用於表達偏好或對比兩件事物，意思是「而不是」。它通常用來強調第一個選項相對於第二個選項更為重要或被選中。
He chose to walk rather than take the bus.
他選擇走路而不是搭公車。
EN： The 'to + verb' (infinitive) structure is used here to express purpose or intention, answering the question 'Why?'.
中文： 「to + 動詞」（不定詞）結構在此處用於表達目的或意圖，回答「為什麼？」的問題。
She studied hard to pass the exam.
她努力學習是為了通過考試。
EN： The meeting between Apple CEO Tim Cook and Pope Francis at the Vatican is significant because it bridges the gap between modern technology and traditional moral leadership, emphasizing that tech should serve human values.
中文： 蘋果執行長庫克與教宗方濟各在梵蒂岡的會面具有重要意義，因為它架起了現代科技與傳統道德領導力之間的橋樑，強調科技應當為人類價值觀服務。
EN： The conjunction 'While' is used here to introduce a contrast or concession, similar to 'although'. It sets up a comparison between a common belief and the subject's specific perspective.
中文： 連接詞「While」在此處用於引導對比或讓步子句，意思類似於「雖然」。它在普遍觀點與主詞的特定觀點之間建立對比。
While the movie was long, I enjoyed every minute of it.
雖然這部電影很長，但我享受其中的每一分鐘。
EN： The 'that' clause functions as a noun clause serving as the direct object of the verb 'explained'. It reports the content of what was said.
中文： 「that」引導的子句作為名詞子句，擔任動詞「explained」（解釋）的直接受詞。它用來轉述所說的內容。
She explained that the office would be closed on Monday.
她解釋說辦公室週一將會關閉。
EN： In the tech industry, Tim Cook (CEO of Apple) often emphasizes human-centric technology. His stance reflects a common philosophical debate in Silicon Valley: whether the danger of AI lies in machines becoming too human, or humans becoming too machine-like by losing empathy and ethics.
中文： 在科技產業中，庫克（蘋果執行長）經常強調以人為本的科技。他的立場反映了矽谷常見的哲學辯論：人工智慧的危險究竟在於機器變得太像人類，還是人類因為失去同理心與道德而變得太像機器。
EN： The structure 'be worried/concerned about something doing something' uses a gerund phrase where 'something' acts as the logical subject of the action.
中文： 「be worried/concerned about something doing something」結構中，動名詞片語（doing...）前面的名詞或代名詞是該動作的邏輯主詞，用來描述對某種行為或狀態的擔憂。
She is concerned about her brother driving alone at night.
她擔心她的哥哥晚上獨自開車。
EN： The preposition 'without' is used here to introduce a prepositional phrase that functions as an adverbial, describing the state or manner of 'thinking like computers'.
中文： 介系詞「without」（沒有/缺乏）在此引導介系詞片語作為副詞用法，用來修飾「像電腦一樣思考」的狀態或方式。
He completed the difficult task without any help from others.
他在沒有他人任何幫助的情況下完成了這項艱巨的任務。
EN： In this speech, Cook addresses a common philosophical debate in Silicon Valley: the fear of 'Singularity' (AI surpassing human intelligence) versus the erosion of human ethics in a tech-driven world. By emphasizing 'values' and 'compassion', he aligns Apple's brand with human-centric design rather than pure technical optimization.
中文： 在這段演講中，庫克回應了矽谷常見的哲學辯論：對於「奇點」（人工智慧超越人類智慧）的恐懼，與技術驅動世界中人類倫理流失之間的權衡。透過強調「價值觀」和「同理心」，他將 Apple 的品牌形象與「以人為本」的設計連結，而非純粹的技術優化。
EN： The phrase 'be capable of' is used to describe someone's or something's ability to do something, followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or a noun.
中文： 短語「be capable of」用於描述某人或某事有能力做某事，後面接動名詞（V-ing）或名詞。
The new software is capable of processing thousands of images per second.
這款新軟體能夠每秒處理數千張圖像。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that express contrasting ideas.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」用於連接兩個表達對比意義的獨立子句。
The hotel was expensive, but it was worth every penny.
這間飯店很貴，但它每一分錢都花得很值得。
EN： This sentence reflects a common philosophical debate in Silicon Valley: technological determinism versus human agency. Cook emphasizes that technology itself is an 'instrument' (a tool), shifting the moral responsibility back to the humans who design and use it.
中文： 這句話反映了矽谷常見的哲學辯論：技術決定論與人類能動性的對抗。庫克強調科技本身只是一個「instrument」（工具），將道德責任轉移回設計和使用它的人類身上。
EN： The phrase 'be capable of' is used to describe the ability or potential to do something, followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or a noun. It often implies a higher level of potential than the simple word 'can'.
中文： 短語「be capable of」用於描述做某事的能力或潛力，後面接動名詞（V-ing）或名詞。它通常比簡單的「can」更強調具備某種潛能或實力。
She is capable of leading the entire department during the crisis.
她有能力在危機期間領導整個部門。
EN： The verb 'take' in the context of 'That part takes all of us' means to require or necessitate a specific resource, effort, or group of people to achieve a result.
中文： 在「That part takes all of us」中，動詞「take」的意思是「需要」或「要求」，指達成某個結果需要特定的資源、努力或人群。
It takes courage to admit when you are wrong.
承認錯誤需要勇氣。
EN： In this speech, Cook addresses the common fear that AI will replace humans. He emphasizes that technology is a 'neutral instrument'—it lacks the human qualities of 'values' and 'will'. This reflects a Silicon Valley philosophy that technology's impact is determined by human intention.
中文： 在庫克的這場演講中，他針對人工智慧將取代人類的普遍恐懼做出了回應。他強調科技是一種「中性工具」——它缺乏人類才有的「價值觀」與「意志」。這反映了矽谷的一種哲學觀點：科技產生的影響最終取決於人類的意圖。
EN： The modal verb 'had to' is the past tense of 'must' or 'have to', used to express a past necessity or obligation that was unavoidable.
中文： 助動詞 'had to' 是 'must' 或 'have to' 的過去式，用於表達過去某種不可避免的必要性或義務。
We had to cancel the meeting because of the storm.
因為暴風雨，我們不得不取消會議。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' introduces a dependent clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'because' 引導一個從屬子句，用來提供主句動作發生的原因。
She stayed home because she was feeling tired.
她待在家裡是因為她覺得累了。
EN： This sentence refers to the historic leadership transition at Apple Inc. in 2011. Steve Jobs, the co-founder, resigned due to pancreatic cancer, and Tim Cook, who had been the Chief Operating Officer (COO), officially took over the role of CEO.
中文： 這句話指的是 2011 年蘋果公司（Apple Inc.）歷史性的領導層更迭。共同創辦人史蒂夫·賈伯斯因胰臟癌辭職，而當時擔任營運長（COO）的提姆·庫克正式接任執行長一職。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. In this case, 'Leading the company...' is the entire subject phrase.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：動名詞（動詞 + -ing）可以作為名詞使用，並擔任句子的主詞。在此句中，「Leading the company...」是整個主詞短語。
Learning a new language requires a lot of patience.
學習一門新語言需要很大的耐心。
EN： Past Perfect Tense: Used to describe an action that was completed before another point in the past. Here, 'had ever done' refers to all actions prior to the time he was leading the company.
中文： 過去完成式：用於描述在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作。這裡的「had ever done」指的是在他領導公司之前的這段時間內所做過的所有事情。
It was the best meal I had ever eaten.
這是我曾吃過最棒的一餐。
EN： This sentence refers to the immense pressure Tim Cook faced when succeeding Steve Jobs as CEO of Apple. The 'whole world watching' highlights the global scrutiny and high expectations placed on Apple's leadership transition.
中文： 這句話描述了庫克在接替史蒂夫·賈伯斯擔任蘋果執行長時面臨的巨大壓力。「全世界都在注視」強調了全球對蘋果領導層更迭的高度關注與嚴苛期待。
EN： The sentence uses a 'What-clause' as a nominal subject. This structure (What + subject + verb) functions as a noun and is often used to emphasize the specific thing that performs an action or serves as a reason.
中文： 本句使用了「What 引導的名詞子句」作為主詞。這種結構（What + 主詞 + 動詞）的功能等同於名詞，常用於強調執行動作或作為原因的特定事物。
What I need right now is a cup of coffee.
我現在需要的是一杯咖啡。
EN： The phrasal verb 'carry (someone) through' means to help someone survive or manage a difficult situation or period of time.
中文： 片語動詞「carry (someone) through」意指幫助某人度過難關或支撐某人熬過艱難的時期。
Her courage carried her through the illness.
她的勇氣支撐她度過了病痛。
EN： In leadership contexts, especially in American corporate culture, emphasizing 'faith in people' reflects a human-centric leadership style. This is a common theme in commencement speeches, highlighting that success is rarely a solo achievement but a collective effort supported by trust.
中文： 在領導力語境中，特別是在美國企業文化裡，強調「對人的信心」反映了以人為本的領導風格。這是畢業演講中常見的主題，強調成功很少是個人成就，而是建立在信任基礎上的集體努力。
EN： The phrasal verb 'bet on' means to risk something on the belief that a person or thing will be successful. In this context, it implies a strong trust or confidence in the team's ability.
中文： 片語動詞「bet on」意為「把賭注押在...上」，表示相信某人或某事會成功。在此語境中，它隱含了對團隊能力的強烈信任或信心。
The company decided to bet on new technology to stay competitive.
這間公司決定把賭注押在新技術上，以保持競爭力。
EN： The phrasal verb 'let someone down' means to fail to support or help someone as they had hoped or expected. It is a separable phrasal verb, meaning the object (him) often goes between the verb and the particle.
中文： 片語動詞「let someone down」意為「讓某人失望」或「辜負某人」。這是一個可拆分的片語動詞，受詞（如 him）通常放在動詞與介係詞之間。
I promise I will work hard and won't let you down.
我保證我會努力工作，不會讓你失望。
EN： In Silicon Valley leadership culture, 'betting on people' is a common philosophy. It emphasizes that while technology is important, the talent and character of the team are the ultimate drivers of success. This reflects Cook's human-centric approach to leading Apple.
中文： 在矽谷的領導文化中，「押注於人」(betting on people) 是一種常見的哲學。它強調雖然技術很重要，但團隊的才華與品格才是成功的最終驅動力。這反映了庫克領導蘋果公司時以人為本的方式。
EN： The verb 'remind' is often used in the pattern 'remind someone that + clause' to help someone remember a fact or information.
中文： 動詞「remind」(提醒) 常見的用法是「remind someone that + 子句」，用來提醒某人某個事實或訊息。
She reminded me that the meeting starts at nine.
她提醒我會議九點開始。
EN： The phrase 'there is no replacement for' indicates that something is unique and cannot be substituted by anything else.
中文： 片語「there is no replacement for」表示某物是獨一無二的，無法被任何其他事物取代。
There is no replacement for hard work in achieving success.
在取得成功的道路上，努力是無可取代的。
EN： In this context, 'the heart' symbolizes human values, empathy, and moral judgment, contrasting with the cold logic of machines. This reflects a common theme in modern tech ethics discussions led by figures like Cook.
中文： 在此語境中，「the heart」(心靈/心臟) 象徵著人類的價值觀、同理心和道德判斷，與機器的冷酷邏輯形成對比。這反映了由庫克等人物領導的現代科技倫理討論中的一個共同主題。
EN： The sentence begins with an Imperative Mood, which is used to give commands, advice, or instructions. In this structure, the subject 'you' is omitted, and the sentence starts with the base form of the verb.
中文： 句子以祈使句（Imperative Mood）開頭，用於給予命令、建議或指示。在這種結構中，主詞「you」被省略，句子直接以動詞原形開始。
Follow your dreams and never give up.
追隨你的夢想，永不放棄。
EN： The phrase 'that serve humanity and protect our shared values' is a Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) modifying the noun 'tools'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the clause.
中文： 短語「that serve humanity and protect our shared values」是一個關係子句（形容詞子句），用來修飾名詞「tools」。關係代名詞「that」在子句中充當主詞。
He works for a company that develops green energy.
他在一家開發綠色能源的公司工作。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in Silicon Valley commencement speeches: the ethical responsibility of technologists. It emphasizes that innovation should not just be for profit or efficiency, but should be guided by human-centric values.
中文： 這句話反映了矽谷畢業典禮演講中常見的主題：技術人員的倫理責任。它強調創新不應僅僅是為了利潤或效率，而應以人為本的價值觀為導向。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 人工智慧，指由電腦系統展現的智慧行為。
在本文中： 同情心、憐憫心，指對他人痛苦的感同身受並想提供幫助。
在本文中： （常指不好的）後果、影響。
在本文中： 中立的，不偏袒任何一方，本身無好壞之分。
在本文中： 工具、儀器，在此指達成目的的手段。
在本文中： 具挑戰性的、艱難的。
在本文中： 替代品、取代者。
在本文中： 人類、人性。
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To begin to have control of something; to replace someone in a position.
接手、接管
To fail to support or help someone as they had hoped; to disappoint.
辜負、讓某人失望
To help someone to survive or manage a difficult situation.
支撐某人渡過（難關）
To feel confident that something will happen or someone will succeed.
把賭注押在...身上、指望
To perform duties or create things that benefit all human beings.
造福人類、為人類服務