EN： The word 'that' introduces a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'warns'. This clause contains the entire message or warning being conveyed.
中文： 連接詞 'that' 引導一個名詞子句，作為動詞 'warns' (警告) 的受詞。這個子句包含了警告的具體內容。
The teacher warns that the exam will be difficult.
老師警告說考試會很難。
EN： The word 'even' is used as an intensive adverb to emphasize that something is surprising or extreme, in this case, applying the rule to even the 'smartest' or 'best' things.
中文： 副詞 'even' (甚至/即使) 用於加強語氣，強調某事令人驚訝或處於極端情況。在此句中，它強調即使是「最聰明」或「最好」的事物也不例外。
Even the best players make mistakes sometimes.
即使是最好的球員有時也會犯錯。
EN： Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA. This sentence reflects his business philosophy of 'intellectual humility' and 'agility'—the idea that no matter how good a plan is, one must be ready to adapt to the unpredictable nature of the market.
中文： 黃仁勳是輝達 (NVIDIA) 的共同創辦人兼執行長。這句話反映了他的商業哲學，即「智力謙遜」與「靈活性」——無論計劃多麼完美，都必須準備好應對市場不可預測的本質。
EN： The phrase 'regardless of' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate that something is not affected or influenced by the factors mentioned. It is often followed by a noun phrase or a wh-clause (like 'how well...').
中文： 短語「regardless of」是一個介係詞短語，用於表示某事不受所提因素的影響或干擾。它通常後接名詞短語或 wh-引導的從句（例如「how well...」），意為「不管」或「無論」。
The event will go ahead regardless of the weather.
無論天氣如何，活動都將照常進行。
EN： The structure 'how + adverb + subject + verb' is used within a noun clause to express degree. In this sentence, 'how well' modifies the manner in which the student prepares.
中文： 「how + 副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞」的結構用於名詞從句中以表達程度。在本句中，「how well」修飾學生準備的方式，強調準備的充分程度。
I was surprised by how quickly he finished the task.
我對他完成任務的速度之快感到驚訝。
EN： This sentence reflects a core philosophy often shared by tech leaders like Jensen Huang: the acceptance of failure and the necessity of adaptability. In high-stakes environments like Silicon Valley, 'planning' is seen as less important than 'pivoting' or responding to real-world feedback.
中文： 這句話反映了像黃仁勳這樣的科技領袖常分享的核心哲學：接受失敗以及適應能力的必要性。在矽谷等高風險環境中，「計畫」被認為不如「轉向」或對現實世界的反饋做出反應來得重要。
EN： The 'not A, but B' structure is a correlative conjunction used to contrast two elements, emphasizing that the second part (B) is the correct or more important one.
中文： 「not A, but B」（不是 A，而是 B）是一種對等連接詞結構，用於對比兩個元素，強調第二部分 (B) 才是正確或更重要的資訊。
Success is not about luck, but about hard work.
成功不在於運氣，而在於努力。
EN： A Nominal Clause (Noun Clause) starting with 'What' acts as the subject of the sentence. Here, 'What separates...' functions as a single noun unit.
中文： 名詞子句（Noun Clause）由 'What' 引導，在句中擔任主詞。在此處，「What separates...」整個子句被視為一個名詞單位。
What he said surprised everyone.
他所說的話讓每個人都感到驚訝。
EN： In the modern tech industry, 'pivot' is a common buzzword. It refers to a company fundamentally changing its business direction after realizing its current product or strategy is not meeting market needs. This concept is central to the 'Lean Startup' methodology.
中文： 在現代科技產業中，「pivot」（轉型/樞紐轉向）是一個常見的術語。它指的是公司在發現現有產品或策略無法滿足市場需求後，從根本上改變業務方向。這個概念是「精實創業」（Lean Startup）方法論的核心。
EN： The relative clause starting with 'that' (that are no longer working) acts as an adjective to modify the noun 'original ideas'. It provides essential information about which ideas are being let go.
中文： 以 'that' 引導的關係子句（that are no longer working）充當形容詞，用來修飾名詞 'original ideas'（原始想法）。它提供了關於哪些想法被捨棄的必要資訊。
The company avoids strategies that are too risky.
這間公司避開那些過於冒險的策略。
EN： The phrase 'no longer' is an adverbial phrase used to indicate that a situation that existed in the past has stopped and does not exist now.
中文： 'No longer' 是一個副詞短語，用來表示過去存在的狀況已經停止，現在不再存在（不再...）。
He no longer works for NVIDIA.
他不再為輝達工作了。
EN： This sentence reflects a core value in Silicon Valley culture: 'pivoting'. It emphasizes that being 'right' initially is less important than being 'agile' and responding to market feedback, a philosophy championed by leaders like Jensen.
中文： 這句話反映了矽谷文化的核心價值：「轉型」(pivoting)。它強調最初的「正確」與否，遠不如保持「敏捷」並對市場反饋做出反應來得重要，這也是黃仁勳等領導者所倡導的哲學。
EN： The sentence uses a sequence of past tense verbs ('started', 'moved', 'embraced') to describe the chronological evolution of a company. This is a common way to narrate history or progress.
中文： 本句使用一系列過去式動詞（started, moved, embraced）來描述公司的時序演進。這是敘述歷史或進展的常用方式。
The team researched the market, developed a prototype, and finally launched the app.
團隊研究了市場，開發了原型，最後發布了這款應用程式。
EN： The phrasal verb 'move into' means to start being involved in a new area of business or activity.
中文： 片語動詞 'move into' 意指開始涉足或轉向一個新的業務領域或活動項目。
The tech giant decided to move into the renewable energy sector.
這家科技巨頭決定轉向再生能源領域發展。
EN： This sentence reflects NVIDIA's real-world history, transitioning from a gaming-focused hardware company to the backbone of the global AI revolution. It highlights the importance of 'pivoting' in the tech industry.
中文： 這句話反映了輝達真實的發展史：從一家專注於遊戲的硬體公司，轉型為全球人工智慧革命的支柱。這強調了科技產業中「轉型（pivoting）」的重要性。
EN： The phrase 'what it used to be' uses a noun clause starting with 'what' to describe a past state or identity that no longer exists. 'Used to' indicates a habitual action or state in the past.
中文： 「what it used to be」使用 what 引導的名詞子句，用來描述過去存在但現在已不復存在的狀態或身份。「used to」表示過去經常性的動作或狀態。
The city is very different from what it used to be.
這座城市與它過去的樣子大不相同。
EN： The 'to + verb' (infinitive) at the end of the sentence functions as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action of letting go was necessary.
中文： 句尾的「to + 動詞」（不定詞）作為副詞用法，表示目的，解釋了為什麼「捨棄」這個動作是必要的（為了成長）。
He studied hard to pass the exam.
他努力學習是為了通過考試。
EN： This sentence reflects Jensen Huang's leadership philosophy at NVIDIA, emphasizing 'intellectual honesty'—the ability to admit when a strategy is no longer working and pivot quickly, even if it means abandoning a successful past.
中文： 這句話反映了黃仁勳在輝達（NVIDIA）的領導哲學，強調「智識上的誠實」——即當策略不再奏效時，要有勇氣承認並迅速轉型，即使這意味著必須放棄過去成功的模式。
EN： The conjunction 'While' is used here to introduce a contrast between two clauses, similar to 'although' or 'even though'. It sets up a comparison between the academic environment and the real world.
中文： 連接詞「While」在此處用於引導對比子句，類似於「although」（雖然）。它建立了學術環境與現實世界之間的對比。
While she loves her job, she finds the commute exhausting.
雖然她熱愛她的工作，但她覺得通勤很累人。
EN： The passive voice 'were rewarded' (be + past participle) is used to show that the subject (graduates) received something from an external source (the school system) rather than performing the action themselves.
中文： 被動語態「were rewarded」（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於表示主詞（畢業生）是從外部來源（如學校體制）獲得獎勵，而非主動執行該動作。
The employees were rewarded for their hard work with a bonus.
員工們因辛勤工作而獲得了獎金獎勵。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in commencement speeches by tech leaders like Jensen: the transition from the structured, 'right-or-wrong' academic world to the messy, iterative nature of innovation where failure is a prerequisite for success.
中文： 這句話反映了像黃仁勳這樣的科技領袖在畢業演講中常見的主題：從結構化、非黑即白的學術世界，轉向充滿混亂與反覆迭代的創新環境，在這種環境中，失敗是成功的先決條件。
EN： The gerund 'starting' functions as a subject complement here, following the linking verb 'is' to define what 'the skill' consists of.
中文： 動名詞 'starting' 在此作為主詞補語，接在連綴動詞 'is' 之後，用來定義「這項技能」的內容。
His passion is teaching others how to code.
他的熱情在於教導他人如何編寫程式。
EN： The conjunction 'until' introduces a subordinate clause of time, indicating that the action of starting over continues up to the point when the solution is reached.
中文： 連接詞 'until' 引導時間從屬子句，表示「重新開始」的動作一直持續到「找到解決方案」的那一刻為止。
We waited in the rain until the bus arrived.
我們在雨中等候，直到公車抵達。
EN： In modern entrepreneurial culture, particularly in Silicon Valley, 'failing fast' and 'pivoting' without shame is seen as a strength rather than a weakness. Jensen's advice reflects this mindset of resilience over perfectionism.
中文： 在現代創業文化中，特別是在矽谷，「快速失敗」和不帶羞恥感的「轉型」被視為一種優勢而非弱點。黃仁勳的建議反映了這種重視韌性而非完美主義的心態。
EN： The phrase 'had better' is used to give strong advice or warnings about what someone should do in a specific situation. It is followed by the base form of the verb without 'to'.
中文： 「had better」用於針對特定情況給予強烈的建議或警告，表示「最好……」。其後接動詞原形，不加「to」。
You had better leave now if you want to catch the last train.
如果你想趕上末班車，你最好現在就出發。
EN： The word 'that' introduces a noun clause acting as a subject complement. It renames or explains the subject 'His final advice'.
中文： 這裡的「that」引導一個名詞子句作為主詞補語，用來解釋或說明主詞「他最後的建議」的具體內容。
The truth is that we need more time to finish the project.
事實是我們需要更多時間來完成這項企劃。
EN： This sentence reflects the fast-paced nature of the tech industry, particularly in Silicon Valley where NVIDIA is based. Jensen Huang's advice emphasizes 'running' as a metaphor for proactive adaptation and urgency in a competitive global market.
中文： 這句話反映了科技產業快速變遷的本質，特別是輝達（NVIDIA）所在的矽谷文化。黃仁勳的建議將「奔跑」作為隱喻，強調在競爭激烈的全球市場中，主動適應與急迫感的重要性。
EN： The modal idiom 'had better' is used to give strong advice or warnings about what someone should do to avoid negative consequences. It is usually followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to').
中文： 情態慣用語「had better」用於提供強烈的建議或警告，說明某人應該做什麼以避免負面後果。其後接原形動詞（不加 to）。
You had better finish your homework before the teacher arrives.
你最好在老師來之前完成作業。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate 'while' or 'at the same time as', showing two actions happening simultaneously.
中文： 連接詞「as」在此處用於表示「當…的時候」或「與此同時」，顯示兩個動作同時發生。
She sang a song as she walked down the street.
她走在街上時唱著一首歌。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in modern Silicon Valley culture, championed by leaders like Jensen (NVIDIA's CEO): the idea that growth and innovation require embracing discomfort and constant change rather than avoiding it.
中文： 這句話反映了現代矽谷文化中的一個共同主題，由輝達（NVIDIA）執行長黃仁勳等領導者所倡導：成長與創新需要擁抱不適與不斷的變化，而非逃避它。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 為達成特定目標而制定的長期計畫或策略。
在本文中： 不可避免地，必然地。
在本文中： 敏捷的，靈活的；在商業語境中指能快速應對變化的能力。
在本文中： 僵化的，刻板的，不易改變的。
在本文中： （企業或計畫）轉向，改變經營方向。
在本文中： 欣然接受，採納（新想法或技術）。
在本文中： 畢業生。
在本文中： 羞恥感，丟臉。
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To fail or experience problems.
出錯，出問題
To stop holding onto something, either physically or mentally.
放手，放棄，捨棄
A branch of AI focused on building systems that learn from data.
機器學習
To begin again from the very beginning.
重新開始
Used to give strong advice or a warning.
最好，應該