Marie Curie: The Girl Who Loved Science居禮夫人的秘密求學之路
聆聽課程
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EN： The sentence uses the Passive Voice (was born / was occupied) to focus on the person or thing receiving the action. 'Was born' is the standard way to describe birth in the past, while 'occupied by' indicates the agent (Russia) performing the action.
中文： 本句使用了被動語態 (was born / was occupied)，將焦點放在承受動作的人或事物上。「Was born」是描述過去出生的標準用法，而「occupied by」則標示出執行動作的主體（俄羅斯）。
The ancient temple was built by the Romans thousands of years ago.
這座古廟是數千年前由羅馬人建造的。
EN： Appositive Phrase: 'a city then occupied by Russia' is an appositive that provides extra information about 'Warsaw, Poland'. It functions like a shortened relative clause ('which was then occupied...').
中文： 同位語片語：「a city then occupied by Russia」是一個同位語，用來提供關於「波蘭華沙」的額外資訊。它的功能類似於省略了關係代名詞的子句（即 which was then occupied...）。
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is a bustling metropolis.
東京，日本的首都，是一個繁華的大都市。
EN： During the 19th century, Poland was partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Warsaw was under the control of the Russian Empire, which heavily restricted Polish culture and education, explaining why Maria later had to study in secret.
中文： 在 19 世紀，波蘭被俄羅斯、普魯士和奧地利瓜分。華沙當時受俄羅斯帝國控制，俄國嚴格限制波蘭的文化與教育，這也解釋了為什麼瑪麗亞後來必須秘密學習。
EN： Apposition (Appositive Phrases): The phrase 'especially women' is an appositive that provides additional information or clarification about the preceding noun 'Polish people'. It is set off by commas to indicate it is non-essential to the basic sentence structure but adds specific detail.
中文： 同位語（Appositive Phrases）：短語 'especially women' 是一個同位語，用來對前面的名詞 'Polish people'（波蘭人）提供額外的資訊或說明。它由逗號隔開，表示這對句子的基本結構並非必要，但增加了具體的細節。
The local residents, particularly the elderly, were affected by the new policy.
當地居民，特別是長者，受到了新政策的影響。
EN： Passive Voice: The structure 'was + past participle' (was forbidden) is used to show that the subject (Education) receives the action. This is common in historical contexts where the focus is on the state of affairs rather than the specific person who enforced the rule.
中文： 被動語態：結構「was + 過去分詞」(was forbidden) 用於表示主詞（Education，教育）是動作的承受者。這在歷史背景描述中很常見，重點在於當時的事態，而非具體執行禁令的人。
Public gatherings were often restricted during the war.
戰爭期間，公共集會經常受到限制。
EN： During the 19th century, Poland was partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. In the Russian-occupied zone, there was a policy of 'Russification,' which suppressed Polish culture and language. This led to the creation of the 'Floating University' (Uniwersytet Latający), an underground educational enterprise that secretly taught Polish history, language, and culture, especially to women who were barred from official universities.
中文： 在 19 世紀，波蘭被俄羅斯、普魯士和奧地利瓜分。在俄羅斯佔領區，實行「俄羅斯化」政策，壓制波蘭文化和語言。這導致了「流動大學」（Uniwersytet Latający）的誕生，這是一個秘密的地下教育組織，專門教授波蘭歷史、語言和文化，特別是針對那些被正式大學拒之門外的女性。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to introduce a clause that shows the result or consequence of the previous clause. It connects two independent clauses in a compound sentence.
中文： 對等連接詞 'so' 用於引導表示結果或後果的子句。它在複合句中連接兩個獨立子句，表示「所以」。
The library was closed, so he went home to read.
圖書館關門了，所以他回家讀書。
EN： The phrase 'burning desire' uses a present participle ('burning') as an adjective to emphasize an intense, passionate, or urgent feeling that is difficult to ignore.
中文： 短語 'burning desire' 使用現在分詞 ('burning') 作為形容詞，用來強調一種強烈、熱切且難以忽視的情感，意為「強烈的欲望」。
She has a burning desire to travel the world.
她有著環遊世界的強烈渴望。
EN： In the 19th century, Poland was under the control of the Russian Empire, which suppressed Polish culture and education. The 'Floating University' mentioned in the context was a real underground educational enterprise in Warsaw that allowed women and others to study subjects forbidden by the authorities.
中文： 在 19 世紀，波蘭受俄羅斯帝國統治，波蘭文化和教育受到打壓。背景中提到的「流動大學」(Floating University) 是當時華沙真實存在的地下教育機構，讓女性及其他人能學習被當局禁止的學科。
EN： The phrase 'fueled by determination' is a past participle phrase acting as an adjective. It modifies the noun 'university' to describe the cause or motivation behind it.
中文： 「fueled by determination」是一個過去分詞短語，充當形容詞使用。它修飾名詞「university」，用來描述其背後的成因或動力。
The project, led by a team of experts, was a huge success.
這個由專家團隊領導的項目取得了巨大的成功。
EN： The phrasal verb 'take place' is used to say that an event happens, especially after being planned. It is an intransitive verb and cannot be used in the passive voice.
中文： 片語動詞「take place」用於表示某事發生，特別是經過計畫的活動。它是不及物動詞，不能用於被動語態。
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
奧林匹克運動會每四年舉行一次。
EN： The 'Floating University' (Uniwersytet Latający) was a real underground educational enterprise in Warsaw during the late 19th century. It was a secret system of higher education that moved locations frequently to avoid detection by the Russian imperial authorities, who restricted Polish culture and education.
中文： 「流動大學」（Uniwersytet Latający）是 19 世紀末華沙真實存在的地下教育機構。這是一個秘密的高等教育系統，為了躲避俄羅斯帝國當局（當時限制波蘭文化與教育）的查緝，授課地點經常變動。
EN： The phrase 'make a pact' is a common collocation meaning to make a formal agreement or promise between two or more people.
中文： 短語「make a pact」是一個常見的詞彙搭配，意指兩個人或多人之間達成正式的協議或承諾。
The two friends made a pact to stay in touch after graduation.
這兩個朋友約定好畢業後要保持聯絡。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to support) is used here as an adjective phrase to modify the noun 'pact', explaining the purpose or content of the agreement.
中文： 這裡的不定詞（to support）作為形容詞片語使用，用來修飾名詞「pact」，解釋該協議的目的或內容。
She has a strong desire to travel the world.
她有著環遊世界的強烈慾望。
EN： The 'pact' between Marie and Bronya reflects the historical reality of 19th-century Poland under Russian rule, where higher education was restricted for Poles and forbidden for women. Their mutual support was a common strategy for survival and intellectual advancement among the Polish intelligentsia.
中文： 瑪麗和布隆尼亞之間的「協議」反映了 19 世紀俄羅斯統治下波蘭的歷史現實。當時波蘭人的高等教育受到限制，女性更是被禁止接受教育。這種互相扶持是當時波蘭知識分子為了生存和追求學術進步的常見策略。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used here to express a 'future in the past.' It describes an action that was planned or intended at a past point in time.
中文： 助動詞 'would' 在此用於表達「過去完成的未來」。它描述了在過去某個時間點所計畫或打算進行的動作。
He said he would call me the next day.
他說他隔天會打電話給我。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) is used to express purpose or intention, answering the question 'why' the action is performed.
中文： 「不定詞」(to + 動詞) 用於表達目的或意圖，回答為什麼執行該動作。
She studied hard to pass the exam.
她努力學習是為了通過考試。
EN： In the 19th century, a 'governess' was a common employment for educated but middle-class women who needed to earn money, as they were often excluded from other professions.
中文： 在 19 世紀，「家庭教師」(governess) 是受過教育但需要賺錢的中產階級女性常見的職業，因為當時她們通常被排除在其他專業領域之外。
EN： The use of 'would' here represents the 'future in the past.' It describes an action that was planned or expected to happen from a viewpoint in the past.
中文： 這裡使用 'would' 表示「過去進行式中的未來」。它描述了從過去的某個時間點來看，當時計劃或預期會發生的動作。
He promised he would call me as soon as he arrived.
他承諾他一到達就會打電話給我。
EN： The conjunction 'after' introduces a subordinate time clause. When the main clause is in a past perspective, the action in the 'after' clause typically precedes the main action.
中文： 連接詞 'after' 引導一個時間副詞從句。當主句處於過去視角時，'after' 從句中的動作通常發生在主句動作之前。
After the rain stopped, we went for a walk.
雨停之後，我們去散步了。
EN： This sentence reflects the historical 'Flying University' era in Poland, where families and communities made mutual sacrifices to bypass educational restrictions imposed by the Russian Empire.
中文： 這句話反映了波蘭歷史上的「流動大學」時期。當時為了避開俄羅斯帝國強加的教育限制，家庭成員和社群之間常會做出相互犧牲的約定，以確保彼此都能獲得教育。
EN： Participle Phrases: The sentence uses present participles ('sacrificing' and 'saving') to describe simultaneous actions or the manner in which the main action ('worked') was performed. This structure helps combine multiple ideas into one fluid sentence.
中文： 分詞短語：句子使用現在分詞（sacrificing 和 saving）來描述與主句動作（worked）同時發生的行為或其進行的方式。這種結構有助於將多個想法合併成一個流暢的句子。
He walked along the beach, listening to the waves and feeling the breeze.
他沿著海灘漫步，聽著海浪聲並感受著微風。
EN： Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs like 'tirelessly' and 'carefully' modify the verbs to describe how an action is done. They are often formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective.
中文： 情狀副詞：像 tirelessly 和 carefully 這樣的副詞用來修飾動詞，描述動作是如何進行的。它們通常是在形容詞字尾加上 -ly 構成的。
She studied diligently to pass the exam.
她勤奮地學習以通過考試。
EN： The term 'saving every coin' emphasizes the extreme financial hardship Marie Curie faced. In the late 19th century, education for Polish women was not supported by the state, requiring immense personal sacrifice and secret efforts like the 'Floating University'.
中文： 「saving every coin」（省下每一分錢）強調了瑪麗·居禮當時面臨的極度經濟困難。在 19 世紀末，波蘭女性受教育並不受到國家支持，這需要巨大的個人犧牲以及像「流動大學」這樣的秘密努力。
EN： The phrase 'ready to begin her studies' is an adjective phrase acting as a post-modifier or a supplementary adjunct. It describes Marie's state or condition upon her arrival, functioning similarly to a reduced relative clause ('who was ready...').
中文： 形容詞短語 'ready to begin her studies' 作為後置修飾語或補充狀語。它描述了瑪麗抵達時的狀態或情況，功能類似於簡化的關係子句（即 'who was ready...'）。
He walked out of the room, happy with the results.
他走出房間，對結果感到滿意。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'At the age of [number]' is a standard formulaic expression used to indicate the specific time in someone's life when an event occurred.
中文： 介系詞短語 'At the age of [數字]' 是一個標準的慣用語，用於表示某人生命中發生某事的特定年齡或時間點。
At the age of five, she started playing the piano.
在五歲時，她開始彈鋼琴。
EN： In the late 19th century, Paris was the intellectual center of Europe. For a Polish woman like Marie Curie, moving to Paris was not just for education, but for academic freedom, as higher education for women was restricted in her Russian-occupied homeland.
中文： 在 19 世紀末，巴黎是歐洲的知識中心。對於像瑪麗·居禮這樣的波蘭女性來說，移居巴黎不僅是為了接受教育，更是為了學術自由，因為在當時被俄羅斯佔領的家鄉，女性接受高等教育是受到限制的。
EN： The use of the present participle (-ing) as a 'Participle Phrase' to describe an action happening simultaneously with the main verb. It functions as a modifier for the subject 'She'.
中文： 使用現在分詞 (-ing) 作為「分詞片語」，用來描述與主句動詞同時發生的動作。在此句中，它作為主詞「She」的修飾語。
He sat by the window, reading a book.
他坐在窗邊，讀著一本書。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to study) is used here as an 'Infinitive of Purpose' to explain why the main action (enrolled) was performed.
中文： 「不定詞」(to study) 在此處作為「目的不定詞」，用來解釋執行主句動作（註冊）的原因。
I went to the store to buy some milk.
我去了商店買牛奶。
EN： The Sorbonne is the historic University of Paris. In the late 19th century, it was one of the few places in Europe where women could pursue higher education in science, though it was still rare and challenging.
中文： 索邦大學（Sorbonne）是巴黎大學的前身，歷史悠久。在 19 世紀末，它是歐洲少數允許女性追求科學高等教育的地方之一，儘管當時這對女性來說依然非常罕見且充滿挑戰。
EN： The structure 'too + adjective + to + verb' is used to indicate that something is excessive, leading to a negative result or an inability to perform an action.
中文： 「too + 形容詞 + to + 動詞」結構用於表示程度過於極端，導致負面的結果或無法執行某個動作（太...以至於不能...）。
The coffee was too hot to drink.
這咖啡太燙了，喝不下去。
EN： Compound sentences use coordinating conjunctions like 'and' to join two independent clauses that are equally important.
中文： 對等連接詞（如 'and'）用於連接兩個獨立子句，這兩個子句在語法地位上是平等的，共同構成一個對等複合句。
The wind blew hard, and the rain began to fall.
風刮得很猛，雨也開始下起來了。
EN： In 19th-century Paris, many poor students lived in 'chambres de bonne' (servant's rooms) located on the top floors of buildings. These attic rooms were notorious for being extremely hot in summer and freezing in winter, as they lacked proper insulation and heating.
中文： 在 19 世紀的巴黎，許多貧困學生住在位於建築頂層的「傭人房」（chambres de bonne）。這些閣樓房間以冬冷夏熱而聞名，因為它們缺乏適當的隔熱設備和暖氣系統。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to show contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), never a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介係詞 'Despite'（儘管）用於表示對比。其後必須接名詞、名詞短語或動名詞，不能直接接包含主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a hike.
儘管下著大雨，他們還是決定去健行。
EN： The structure 'be free to + verb' indicates having the permission, opportunity, or lack of restriction to perform an action.
中文： 句型 'be free to + 動詞' 表示擁有許可、機會或在沒有限制的情況下執行某個動作。
After finishing his exams, he was finally free to travel.
考試結束後，他終於可以自由地去旅行了。
EN： In the late 19th century, Poland was partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. In the Russian-occupied zone, higher education for women was banned, leading to the creation of the 'Flying University'—an underground educational enterprise. Marie Curie's struggle reflects the historical value placed on education as a form of national and personal resistance.
中文： 19 世紀末，波蘭被俄羅斯、普魯士和奧地利瓜分。在俄佔區，女性被禁止接受高等教育，這促成了「流動大學」（Flying University）——一個地下教育組織的誕生。居禮夫人的奮鬥反映了當時將教育視為民族與個人反抗手段的歷史價值觀。
EN： Appositive Phrase: A noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'a brilliant but quiet French physicist' provides more information about Pierre Curie.
中文： 同位語片語：緊跟在另一個名詞後面，用來重新命名或補充說明該名詞的詞組。在此句中，「一位才華橫溢但安靜的法國物理學家」是用來補充說明皮耶·居禮。
My brother, a talented chef, lives in Italy.
我的哥哥是一位才華橫溢的廚師，他住在義大利。
EN： Adjective Order and Contrast: When using multiple adjectives, we often use 'but' to connect two contrasting qualities (brilliant vs. quiet) before the noun they modify.
中文： 形容詞順序與對比：當使用多個形容詞時，我們常用 'but' 來連接兩個具有對比性質的特質（才華橫溢與安靜），並置於修飾的名詞之前。
It was a small but comfortable room.
那是一間雖小但舒適的房間。
EN： The Sorbonne (University of Paris) was one of the few places in Europe at the time where women could pursue higher education in science, though it was still very rare. Pierre and Marie Curie became one of the most famous scientific partnerships in history.
中文： 索邦大學（巴黎大學）是當時歐洲少數女性可以追求科學高等教育的地方之一，儘管這在當時仍非常罕見。皮耶與瑪麗·居禮後來成為歷史上最著名的科學伴侶之一。
EN： The phrasal verb 'bond over something' means to develop a close relationship or connection based on a shared interest, experience, or activity.
中文： 動詞片語 'bond over something' 意指因為共同的興趣、經驗或活動而建立起親密的關係或連結。
The two colleagues bonded over their love for classic jazz music.
這兩位同事因為對古典爵士樂的熱愛而建立了友誼。
EN： The word 'shared' is a past participle used as an adjective to describe something that is possessed or experienced by two or more people together.
中文： 單字 'shared' 是過去分詞當形容詞使用，用來描述由兩人或多人共同擁有或經歷的事物。
They have a shared vision for the future of the company.
他們對公司的未來有著共同的願景。
EN： In academic and scientific contexts, 'bonding over' a subject highlights the intellectual and emotional connection that often forms between researchers, which was a cornerstone of the Curies' legendary partnership.
中文： 在學術與科學背景下，「因某事建立連結」(bonding over) 強調了研究人員之間經常形成的理智與情感連結，這也是居禮夫婦傳奇合作關係的基石。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (-ing): Used here as an adverbial phrase to provide additional information or reason for the main action. 'Recognizing' explains the motivation behind Pierre's proposal.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (-ing)：此處用作副詞短語，為主要動作提供額外資訊或原因。「Recognizing」解釋了皮耶求婚背後的動機。
She smiled at the audience, feeling a sense of pride.
她對著觀眾微笑，心中感到一絲自豪。
EN： The idiom 'a kindred spirit': Refers to a person whose interests, beliefs, or attitudes are similar to one's own.
中文： 成語「a kindred spirit」：指志趣相投、信仰或態度與自己相似的人，即「志同道合的人」或「知音」。
I knew immediately that we would be friends; he is a kindred spirit.
我立刻就知道我們會成為朋友；他是個志同道合的人。
EN： The term 'kindred spirit' is a classic literary expression often used to describe deep intellectual and emotional connections, famously popularized in English literature by L.M. Montgomery in 'Anne of Green Gables'.
中文： 「Kindred spirit」是一個經典的文學表達方式，常用於描述深層的精神與情感連結。在英語文學中，這詞因露西·莫德·蒙哥馬利的《清秀佳人》（Anne of Green Gables）而廣為人知。
EN： Relative Clause with 'that': A relative clause is used to provide more information about a noun (the antecedent). Here, 'that she could also wear in the laboratory' describes the 'dress'.
中文： 使用 'that' 的關係子句：關係子句用於提供關於名詞（先行詞）的更多資訊。在此句中，'that she could also wear in the laboratory' 用來修飾前面的名詞 'dress'（洋裝）。
He bought a laptop that was on sale.
他買了一台正在特價的筆記型電腦。
EN： Compound Sentence with 'and': A compound sentence joins two independent clauses (complete thoughts) using a coordinating conjunction like 'and'.
中文： 使用 'and' 的對等複合句：複合句使用對等連接詞（如 and）將兩個獨立子句（完整的想法）連接在一起。
The sun came out, and the birds started singing.
太陽出來了，鳥兒開始歌唱。
EN： Marie Curie's choice of a dark blue wedding dress was highly unconventional for the time but reflected her pragmatic nature. Instead of a dress she would only wear once, she chose something functional for her scientific work, symbolizing her lifelong dedication to research over social norms.
中文： 瑪麗·居禮選擇深藍色婚紗在當時是非常不尋常的，但這反映了她務實的性格。她沒有選擇只能穿一次的禮服，而是選擇了對科學工作有用的衣服，這象徵著她一生對研究的奉獻高於社會規範。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 被禁止的，不准許的
在本文中： 秘密的，暗中的（通常指非法或不被社會允許的事）
在本文中： 決心，毅力
在本文中： （住在雇主家中的）女家庭教師
在本文中： 不知疲倦地，勤奮地
在本文中： 犧牲，放棄（重要的事物）
在本文中： 抱負，志向，野心
在本文中： 註冊，入學
在本文中： 貧窮，貧困
在本文中： 志趣相投的人，知音
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A very strong wish to do or have something.
強烈的渴望
To make a formal agreement between two or more people.
達成協議，立下約定
To happen or occur, especially after being planned.
發生，舉行
To develop a close connection with someone through a shared interest or experience.
因...而建立情感聯繫
An underground educational enterprise in Warsaw that moved locations frequently to avoid detection by authorities.
流動大學（波蘭歷史上的秘密地下教育機構）
A person whose interests, beliefs, or attitudes are similar to one's own.
志趣相投的人；知音