Marie Curie: A Light in the Dark瑪麗·居禮：黑暗中的光芒
聆聽課程
0:00
0:00
EN： The verb 'choose' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) when it indicates a decision to perform an action. This is a common pattern for verbs expressing preference or intent.
中文： 動詞「choose」(選擇) 後接「不定詞」(to + 原形動詞)，用來表示決定去做某個動作。這是表達偏好或意圖的動詞常見的用法。
He chose to study architecture instead of medicine.
他選擇學習建築而不是醫學。
EN： The past participle phrase 'emitted by uranium' acts as an adjective (reduced relative clause) to modify the noun 'rays'. It is short for 'which were emitted by uranium'.
中文： 過去分詞短語「emitted by uranium」(由鈾發射出的) 作為形容詞使用（簡化關係子句），用來修飾名詞「rays」(射線)。這原本是「which were emitted by uranium」的縮寫。
The heat generated by the sun provides energy for Earth.
太陽產生的熱能為地球提供能量。
EN： In the early 20th century, pursuing a PhD was extremely rare for women. Marie Curie's choice to study uranium was a bold move that challenged the gender norms of the academic world at the time.
中文： 在20世紀初，女性攻讀博士學位極其罕見。瑪麗·居禮選擇研究鈾元素是一個大膽的決定，挑戰了當時學術界的性別規範。
EN： Participle Phrases: The sentence starts with 'Working...', which is a present participle phrase acting as an adverbial modifier. It describes the circumstances or background of the main action. The subject of the participle ('she and Pierre') must be the same as the subject of the main clause.
中文： 分詞短語：句子以 'Working...' 開頭，這是一個現在分詞短語，作為副詞修飾語。它描述了主要動作發生的環境或背景。分詞的主詞（她和皮耶）必須與主句的主詞一致。
Walking down the street, I saw an old friend.
走在街上時，我遇到了一位老朋友。
EN： Relative Clauses: The word 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that served as their laboratory') to provide essential information about the noun 'shed'.
中文： 關係子句：單字 'that' 引導一個限定用法關係子句（that served as their laboratory），用來提供關於名詞 'shed'（棚屋）的必要資訊。
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
我昨天買的那本書非常有趣。
EN： The 'shed' mentioned refers to the famous abandoned shed at the ESPCI Paris where the Curies conducted their research. It highlights the humble and difficult conditions under which they made their Nobel-winning discoveries, emphasizing their dedication to science over comfort.
中文： 這裡提到的「棚屋」是指居禮夫婦在巴黎市立工業物理化學學校（ESPCI）進行研究時那間著名的廢棄棚屋。這強調了他們是在極其簡陋且艱苦的條件下取得諾貝爾獎級別的發現，突顯了他們對科學的奉獻精神遠超對物質享受的追求。
EN： The sentence uses a present participle phrase ('pushing...') as a resultative modifier. This structure indicates that the second action is a direct result or a simultaneous extension of the main verb 'discovered'.
中文： 本句使用了現在分詞短語（pushing...）作為結果狀語。這種結構表示第二個動作是主句動詞「discovered」的直接結果或同時發生的延伸動作。
The company released a new product, capturing a large share of the market.
該公司發布了一款新產品，奪取了大部分的市場份額。
EN： Appositives are used here ('polonium and radium') to rename or provide specific details about the preceding noun phrase ('two new elements').
中文： 同位語（polonium and radium）在此用於重新命名或提供關於前述名詞短語（two new elements）的具體細節。
He visited Tokyo, the capital of Japan.
他訪問了東京，也就是日本的首都。
EN： The naming of 'polonium' was a political statement by Marie Curie; she named it after her native country, Poland, which at the time was not an independent nation. This highlights how scientific discovery can intersect with national identity.
中文： 「釙」(polonium) 的命名是居禮夫人的一種政治聲明；她以她的祖國波蘭 (Poland) 命名，而波蘭在當時並非獨立國家。這凸顯了科學發現如何與民族認同產生交集。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (Reduced Relative Clause): The word 'illuminating' is a present participle used to describe a simultaneous action or a result of the main clause. It functions as an adverbial modifier, replacing 'and it illuminated'.
中文： 現在分詞短語（簡化關係子句）：'illuminating' 是一個現在分詞，用於描述與主句同時發生的動作或主句產生的結果。它作為狀語修飾語，取代了 'and it illuminated' 的結構。
The sun rose over the horizon, painting the sky in shades of pink.
太陽從地平線升起，將天空染成了粉紅色。
EN： Prepositional Phrase with 'with': The phrase 'with an eerie light' indicates the instrument or means by which the action (illuminating) is performed.
中文： 使用 'with' 的介係詞短語：短語 'with an eerie light' 表示執行動作（照明）所使用的工具或手段。
He cut the bread with a sharp knife.
他用一把鋒利的刀切麵包。
EN： The word 'eerie' is often used in literature to describe something that is strange and frightening in a mysterious way. In the context of Marie Curie, it refers to the faint blue-green glow of radium, which was beautiful but unknowingly dangerous due to radiation.
中文： 'eerie' 這個詞在文學中常用來描述某種神祕、怪異且令人不安的事物。在居禮夫人的故事背景下，這指的是鐳所發出的微弱青藍色光芒，這種光芒雖然美麗，但在當時人們尚未意識到其放射性的危險。
EN： Appositive Phrase: A noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'a truly unprecedented achievement' describes the entire previous clause or the act of winning the prize.
中文： 同位語片語：緊跟在名詞或子句後方的名詞片語，用於重新命名或補充說明。在此句中，「a truly unprecedented achievement」用來描述前述贏得諾貝爾獎這項成就。
He bought a new car, a sleek red Ferrari.
他買了一輛新車，是一輛流線型的紅色法拉利。
EN： Infinitive as Adjective: The 'to + verb' (to win) structure is used here to modify the noun 'woman', specifying which woman she was.
中文： 不定詞作為形容詞：使用「to + 動詞」（to win）結構來修飾名詞「woman」，明確說明她是哪一方面的「第一位女性」。
She was the last person to leave the office.
她是最後一個離開辦公室的人。
EN： Marie Curie was the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). Her 1903 prize was in Physics, shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel.
中文： 瑪麗·居禮是史上第一位在不同科學領域（物理與化學）獲得兩次諾貝爾獎的人。她1903年的獎項是物理學獎，與皮耶·居禮及亨利·貝克勒共同獲得。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a resultative clause, indicating a consequence or result of the main action.
中文： 現在分詞短語（V-ing）在此處用作結果子句，表示主句動作所產生的結果或影響。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the city.
大雨持續了數小時，導致城市嚴重淹水。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the reason or cause for which someone receives an award or recognition.
中文： 介系詞 'for' 在此用於表示某人獲得獎項或認可的原因或理由。
He was famous for his contributions to modern art.
他因對現代藝術的貢獻而聞名。
EN： Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). Her sharing the prize with Pierre highlights the collaborative nature of their work, though she often faced more gender-based scrutiny than he did.
中文： 瑪麗·居禮是第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女性，至今仍是唯一一位在兩個不同科學領域（物理和化學）獲得諾貝爾獎的人。她與皮耶共同獲獎凸顯了他們工作的合作性質，儘管她當時面臨的性別歧視遠比皮耶嚴重。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the person or thing affected by the action. Here, 'was shocked' emphasizes the community's reaction to the decision.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞)：當重點在於受動作影響的人或事物時使用。這裡的 'was shocked' 強調了科學界對該決定產生的反應。
The students were surprised by the sudden announcement.
學生們對這項突如其來的公告感到驚訝。
EN： Modal Verb 'Could' for Past Ability: 'Could' is the past tense of 'can', used here to express the perceived ability (or lack thereof) of a woman to achieve something in the past.
中文： 情態助動詞 'Could' 表示過去的能力：'Could' 是 'can' 的過去式，在此處用於表達過去人們認為女性是否具備完成某事的能力。
He didn't think he could finish the marathon.
他不認為自己能跑完馬拉松。
EN： This sentence reflects the historical gender bias in academia during the early 20th century. Marie Curie faced significant skepticism because scientific achievement was then considered a male domain.
中文： 這句話反映了 20 世紀初期學術界存在的性別偏見。瑪麗·居禮當時面臨巨大的質疑，因為在那時，科學成就被認為是男性的領域。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast, meaning 'even though something happened or exists'. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (-ing form), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介係詞 'Despite' 用於引出對比，意為「儘管、雖然」。它後面必須接名詞、名詞短語或動名詞（-ing 形式），不能直接接包含主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
儘管下著大雨，足球賽仍繼續進行。
EN： Passive Voice (was + past participle) is used here in 'recognition was finally given'. It focuses on the action being performed on the subject (recognition) rather than who performed the action.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）在此句中體現為 'recognition was finally given'。它強調主體（認可）所承受的動作，而非執行動作的人。
The lost keys were finally found under the sofa.
遺失的鑰匙終於在沙發下被找到了。
EN： This sentence reflects the historical context of the early 20th century, where female scientists like Marie Curie faced significant gender bias. The term 'prejudice' specifically refers to the skepticism and barriers she encountered in the male-dominated scientific community.
中文： 這句話反映了 20 世紀初的歷史背景，當時像瑪麗·居禮這樣的女性科學家面臨著嚴重的性別偏見。'Prejudice'（偏見）一詞具體指她在男性主導的科學界中所遭遇的懷疑和障礙。
EN： The use of 'when' as a relative adverb to introduce a non-restrictive relative clause, providing additional information about a specific time (1906).
中文： 使用 'when' 作為關係副詞來引導非限定修飾的關係子句，為特定的時間點（1906年）提供額外的補充資訊。
I remember the day when we first met.
我記得我們第一次見面的那一天。
EN： The present participle phrase (V-ing) 'leaving...' acts as a resultative clause, describing a consequence or a simultaneous state resulting from the main action.
中文： 現在分詞短語（V-ing）'leaving...' 作為結果子句，描述主句動作所產生的後果或同時發生的狀態。
The storm hit the city, causing widespread power outages.
暴風雨襲擊了這座城市，導致大規模停電。
EN： Pierre Curie's death was a significant historical event in the scientific community. He was killed by a horse-drawn carriage in Paris, a common type of 'street accident' before the era of automobiles.
中文： 皮耶·居禮的逝世是科學界的一件大事。他在巴黎被一輛馬車撞倒身亡，這在汽車普及之前的時代是常見的「街頭意外」。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), never a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介係詞 'Despite' (儘管) 用於引導對比。其後必須接名詞、名詞短語或動名詞 (V-ing)，不可直接接包含主詞與動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go hiking.
儘管下著大雨，他們還是決定去健行。
EN： The verb 'refuse' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) to indicate what action someone is declining to do.
中文： 動詞 'refuse' (拒絕) 後方接 '不定詞' (to + 原形動詞)，用來表示某人拒絕執行的動作。
He refused to answer any more questions.
他拒絕再回答任何問題。
EN： The phrasal verb 'take over' means to assume control or responsibility for something that someone else was doing previously.
中文： 片語動詞「take over」意為「接手」或「接替」，指承擔他人先前負責的控制權或職責。
He will take over the family business after his father retires.
在他父親退休後，他將接管家族事業。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (-ing): Used here as a result or simultaneous action to describe the effect of the main clause ('She took over...').
中文： 現在分詞短語（-ing）：此處用作結果或伴隨動作，用來描述主句（她接替了職位...）所產生的影響或同時發生的狀態。
The storm hit the city, causing widespread power outages.
暴風雨襲擊了這座城市，導致了大規模的停電。
EN： The Sorbonne is one of the most prestigious universities in France. In the early 20th century, it was extremely rare for women to hold academic positions, making Marie Curie's appointment a landmark event in gender equality in science.
中文： 索邦大學（Sorbonne）是法國最負盛名的頂尖學府之一。在 20 世紀初期，女性能擔任學術職位極其罕見，這使得瑪麗·居禮的任職成為科學界性別平等的一個里程碑事件。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a resultative or descriptive modifier, indicating an action that happens simultaneously with or as a direct result of the main clause.
中文： 現在分詞短語（V-ing）在此作為結果或描述性修飾語，表示與主句動作同時發生或作為其直接結果的動作。
The athlete won the gold medal, breaking the world record in the process.
這位運動員贏得了金牌，並在此過程中打破了世界紀錄。
EN： The use of 'the first + noun + to-infinitive' is a common structure to describe someone who achieves something before anyone else.
中文： 使用「the first + 名詞 + 不定詞」是描述某人比其他人更早達成某事的常用結構。
He was the first person to arrive at the party.
他是第一個到達派對的人。
EN： The Sorbonne is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world, located in Paris. For Marie Curie to teach there in the early 20th century was a massive milestone for women's rights in academia.
中文： 索邦大學（Sorbonne）是世界上最古老且最負盛名的大學之一，位於巴黎。瑪麗·居禮在 20 世紀初能在該校任教，是學術界女性權利的一個巨大里程碑。
EN： The use of a colon (:) is employed here to introduce an explanation or elaboration of the 'unprecedented feat' mentioned in the first clause.
中文： 冒號（:）在此處用於引出對前句中「前所未有的壯舉」的具體解釋或詳細說明。
He had one goal: to break the world record.
他有一個目標：打破世界紀錄。
EN： Apposition (Noun Phrases in Apposition): 'this time in chemistry' acts as an appositive phrase that provides additional specific information about the 'second Nobel Prize'.
中文： 同位語結構：「this time in chemistry」作為同位語短語，為「第二座諾貝爾獎」提供了額外的具體資訊。
She visited Paris, the city of lights.
她訪問了巴黎，這座光之城。
EN： Marie Curie remains the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry), a fact highlighted by the word 'unprecedented'.
中文： 瑪麗·居禮至今仍是唯一一位在兩個不同科學領域（物理學和化學）獲得諾貝爾獎的人，這正是文中「unprecedented」（前所未有）一詞所強調的事實。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or event in the past.
中文： 過去完成式 (had + 過去分詞)：用於描述在過去某個時間點或事件之前已經完成的動作。
He had already finished his dinner when I arrived.
當我到達時，他已經吃完晚餐了。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): The phrase 'solidifying...' acts as a resultative clause, describing the consequence of the main action mentioned in the first part of the sentence.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (V-ing)：'solidifying...' 短語在此作為結果子句，描述句子前半部分所提到的主要動作所產生的結果。
The storm destroyed the bridge, cutting off the village from the city.
暴風雨摧毀了橋樑，導致村莊與城市斷絕了聯繫。
EN： Marie Curie remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). This emphasizes her unique contribution to science, as most multi-award winners receive them in the same field or for peace.
中文： 瑪麗·居禮至今仍是唯一一位在兩個不同科學領域（物理學和化學）獲得諾貝爾獎的人。這強調了她對科學的獨特貢獻，因為大多數多次獲獎者通常是在同一領域獲獎，或是獲得和平獎。
EN： The phrasal verb 'lead to' (past tense: 'led to') means to result in or cause something to happen. It is often used to describe the outcome of research or actions.
中文： 動詞片語「lead to」（過去式為 led to）意指「導致」或「促成」某事發生。常用於描述研究成果或行動所帶來的結果。
The new government policy led to a significant decrease in unemployment.
政府的新政策導致失業率顯著下降。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The word 'which' introduces extra information about the preceding noun phrase ('the development of medical X-rays'). It is separated by a comma and is not essential for identifying the noun.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：單字「which」引導一個子句，用來補充說明前面的名詞短語（醫療 X 光的發展）。這種用法通常用逗號隔開，且該資訊並非辨識該名詞所必需的。
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
他買了一輛新車，花了他一大筆錢。
EN： Marie Curie personally drove 'Little Curies' (mobile X-ray units) to the front lines during World War I to help surgeons locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers, demonstrating the practical application of her scientific discoveries.
中文： 居禮夫人在第一次世界大戰期間親自駕駛「小居禮」（行動 X 光車）前往前線，幫助外科醫生定位傷兵體內的子彈和彈片，展現了她科學發現的實際應用價值。
EN： The phrasal verb 'live on' means to continue to exist or be remembered after a person's death or after a specific time.
中文： 片語動詞「live on」意指在某人去世或某個特定時間點之後，其影響力、名聲或精神繼續存在或被世人銘記。
The artist's memory lives on through his beautiful paintings.
這位藝術家的回憶透過他美麗的畫作永存於世。
EN： The structure 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to identify a single member within a group that holds the highest degree of a quality.
中文： 結構「one of the + 最高級形容詞 + 複數名詞」用於識別在具有最高程度某種特質的群體中的其中一員。
He is one of the most talented musicians in the country.
他是該國最有才華的音樂家之一。
EN： Marie Curie is a global icon of scientific perseverance. The term 'legacy' in English-speaking academic contexts often refers not just to money or property, but to the lasting impact of a person's discoveries and the barriers they broke for others.
中文： 瑪麗·居禮是科學毅力的全球象徵。在英語學術語境中，「legacy」（遺產）一詞通常不僅指金錢或財產，更指一個人的發現所產生的深遠影響，以及他們為後人打破的障礙。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 調查、研究
在本文中： 散發、放射
在本文中： 史無前例的、空前的
在本文中： 開創性的、突破性的
在本文中： 偏見、歧視
在本文中： 不可否認的、確鑿的
在本文中： 身心交瘁的、極其震驚且悲痛的
在本文中： 放棄、中止
在本文中： 決心、毅力
在本文中： 鞏固、使穩固
在本文中： 有影響力的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To extend the limits of what is possible or known.
挑戰極限、突破界限
To assume control or responsibility for something.
接手、接管
To overcome obstacles or prejudices that prevent progress.
打破障礙、打破隔閡
A sudden and very sad event happened.
悲劇發生、不幸降臨
The highest university degree that is conferred after a course of study and research in any field, not just philosophy.
博士學位
Pure substances consisting of atoms that all have the same number of protons; the primary constituents of matter.
化學元素
Streams of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by a radioactive substance.
射線 / 輻射線
A formal job or rank within an institution, especially in academia.
教職 / 職位