EN： The Present Continuous Passive Voice (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress and happening to the subject. In this sentence, 'are being urged' emphasizes that the action of urging is actively ongoing.
中文： 现在进行时的被动语态（am/is/are + being + 过去分词）用于描述目前正在发生且作用于主语上的动作。在本句中，「are being urged」（正被呼吁）强调呼吁这一动作目前正在积极进行中。
New safety measures are being implemented at the school this week.
这周学校正在实施新的安全措施。
EN： The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to express the method or means by which an action is achieved. Here, 'by using' explains how people can protect their eyes.
中文： 介词「by」后面接动名词（V-ing）用于表示达成某个动作的方法或手段。在这里，「by using」（通过使用）解释了人们可以如何保护他们的眼睛。
You can improve your English by reading books every day.
你可以通过每天读书来提高你的英语水平。
EN： Leitrim is a county in the north-west of Ireland. Known for its beautiful lakes and outdoor activities, local eye care centers often run public health campaigns during the summer to raise awareness about UV protection, as many people underestimate the strength of the sun in Ireland's temperate climate.
中文： 利特里姆（Leitrim）是愛爾蘭西北部的一個郡。該地區以美麗的湖泊和戶外活動而聞名。當地的眼科護理中心經常在夏季開展公共衛生宣導，以提高人們對防紫外線的意識，因為許多人在愛爾蘭溫和的氣候下往往會低估陽光的強度。
EN： Apposition (Noun in Apposition): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to explain or identify it. Here, 'a local eye care practice' is an appositive that describes 'Advanced Eye Care Ballinamore'. It is set off by commas.
中文： 同位语（Noun in Apposition）：将一个名词短语放在另一个名词旁边，用以解释或说明其身份。在此句中，「a local eye care practice」（当地的眼科诊所）作为同位语，用来补充说明「巴利纳莫尔高级眼科护理中心」，前后用逗号隔开。
Mr. Green, my English teacher, loves reading novels.
格林先生，我的英语老师，非常喜欢读小说。
EN： Gerunds after Prepositions: The preposition 'of' is followed by the gerund 'wearing' (verb + -ing acting as a noun) to describe the action that brings health benefits.
中文： 介词后接动名词：介词「of」后面接动名词「wearing」（动词 + -ing 作名词使用），用来描述带来健康益处的具体行为。
She is interested in learning new languages.
她对学习新语言很感兴趣。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to introduce the source of information. It is followed by a noun or noun phrase (e.g., 'the practice') to indicate where the statement or belief originates.
中文： 介词短语「According to」（根据）用于引出信息的来源。其后接名词或名词短语（例如「the practice」），用以指出该陈述或观点的出处。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
EN： Compound predicate with parallel verbs: The subject 'prescription sunglasses' is followed by two verbs, 'provide' and 'offer', connected by the coordinating conjunction 'and'. Both verbs must agree with the plural subject.
中文： 含有并列动词的复合谓语：主语「prescription sunglasses」（处方太阳镜）后接两个动词「provide」（提供）与「offer」（提供），并由并列连词「and」连接。这两个动词都必须与复数主语保持一致。
These smartwatches track your heart rate and monitor your sleep quality.
这些智能手表能记录你的心率并监测你的睡眠质量。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas.
中文： 非限定性定语从句（使用 'which'）用于对名词添加额外的、非必要的信息。这类从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
She bought a new camera, which has a very powerful zoom lens.
她买了一台新相机，这台相机配备了非常强大的变焦镜头。
EN： Defining relative clauses (using 'that' or 'which') identify exactly which person or thing we are talking about. Here, 'that blocks...' defines the specific purpose of the 'special filter'.
中文： 限定性定语从句（使用 'that' 或 'which'）用来明确指出我们所指的具体人或事物。在这里，'that blocks...' 定义了「特殊过滤膜」的具体功能。
He works for a company that designs eco-friendly packaging.
他在一家设计环保包装的公司工作。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to'), which in this case is 'reduce'.
中文： 情态动词「can」用于表示能力或可能性。其后接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式），在此句中为「reduce」（减少）。
Regular breaks can prevent back pain during long working hours.
定期休息可以预防长时间工作引起的背部疼痛。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two nouns ('glare' and 'eye strain') that function together as the compound direct object of the verb 'reduce'.
中文： 并列连词「and」用于连接两个名词（「glare」和「eye strain」），它们共同担任动词「reduce」的复合直接宾语。
The new diet plan focuses on fresh fruits and vegetables.
这项新的饮食计划专注于新鲜的水果和蔬菜。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here ('has also noted') to describe a past action that has strong relevance to the present, often used in reporting news or statements.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此处（'has also noted'）用于描述过去发生但与现在有密切关系的动作，常用于报道新闻或陈述声明。
The researcher has noted that regular exercise improves sleep quality.
研究人员已经指出，规律运动能改善睡眠质量。
EN： The relative clause 'who wear contact lenses' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'people'. The relative pronoun 'who' acts as the subject of the clause.
中文： 定语从句「who wear contact lenses」是一个形容词性从句，用来修饰名词「people」（人们）。关系代词「who」在从句中担任主语的角色。
We should help students who struggle with mathematics.
我们应该帮助那些在数学上有困难的学生。
EN： The First Conditional (If + present simple, ... can/will + base verb) is used to talk about real and possible future situations or general truths. In this sentence, 'If contact lenses become...' sets the condition, and 'wearers can switch...' shows the possible result.
中文： 第一类条件句（If + 一般现在时，... can/will + 动词原形）用于讨论真实且可能发生的未来情况或客观事实。在本句中，「If contact lenses become...」设定了条件，而「wearers can switch...」则显示了可能发生的结果。
If you register for the conference early, you can get a discount.
如果你提前报名参加会议，你就可以获得折扣。
EN： Linking verbs (such as 'become') are followed by adjectives (like 'dry' or 'uncomfortable') rather than adverbs, to describe the state or change of state of the subject.
中文： 系动词（如「become」）后面要接形容词（如「dry」或「uncomfortable」）而非副词，用来描述主语的状态或状态的变化。
The weather became cold and windy in the evening.
傍晚时天气变得寒冷且风大。
EN： The verb 'advise' is followed by an object and an infinitive verb pattern: 'advise someone (not) to do something'. This structure is used to give recommendations or warnings. To make it negative, 'not' is placed directly before 'to'.
中文： 动词「advise」（建议）后面接宾语与不定式结构：「advise someone (not) to do something」（建议某人做／不做某事）。此结构用于提出建议或警告。若要表示否定，需将「not」直接放在「to」之前。
The doctor advised me not to eat spicy food before sleeping.
医生建议我睡前不要吃辛辣的食物。
EN： The conjunction 'while' can be followed directly by a gerund (-ing form) when the subject of both clauses is the same. This is a shortened form of 'while they are swimming', making the sentence more concise.
中文： 当两个从句的主语相同时，连词「while」（当……之时）后面可以直接接动名词（-ing 形式）。这是「while they are swimming」的简化结构，使句子更加简洁。
Please do not use your phone while driving.
开车时请勿使用手机。
EN： In Western countries, eye care professionals (optometrists and ophthalmologists) frequently issue public health warnings about the dangers of wearing contact lenses in water. Water in swimming pools, lakes, and oceans contains microorganisms like Acanthamoeba, which can stick to contact lenses and cause severe, potentially blinding eye infections.
中文： 在西方國家，眼科專業人員（驗光師與眼科醫生）經常向大眾宣導水上活動時配戴隱形眼鏡的危險性。游泳池、湖泊和海洋的水中含有像棘阿米巴原蟲（Acanthamoeba）等微生物，它們極易附著在隱形眼鏡上，進而導致嚴重的眼睛感染，甚至有失明的風險。
EN： The phrase 'be available for' is used to indicate that something is obtainable, accessible, or suitable for a specific group of people or purposes. 'Available' is an adjective, and 'for' is the preposition that introduces the recipient or purpose.
中文： 短语「be available for」（可用于／适用于）用来表示某物是可以取得、获得的，或是适用于特定的群体或目的。「available」是形容词，而介词「for」则用来引出对象或用途。
Free Wi-Fi is available for all guests in the hotel lobby.
所有客人在酒店大堂均可使用免费无线网络。
EN： The present participle 'including' is used as a preposition here to introduce examples that are part of a larger group. It helps to specify and elaborate on the preceding noun phrase ('nearly all types of lens prescriptions').
中文： 现在分词「including」（包括）在此处作为介词使用，用来引出属于较大群体中的具体例子。它有助于具体说明并详述前面的名词短语（「几乎所有的镜片处方」）。
The price of the tour includes everything, including transport and meals.
这次旅行的费用包含了一切，包括交通和膳食。
EN： The structure 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to single out one item that possesses a quality to the highest degree among a group. Note that the noun following 'one of the' must be plural (e.g., 'reasons').
中文： 「one of the + 最高级形容词 + 复数名词」的结构用于在某个群体中挑选出具有最高程度特质的某个事物。请注意，紧跟在「one of the」后面的名词必须是复数形式（例如「reasons」）。
This is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
这是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to choose prescription sunglasses' acts as an adjective (adjectival infinitive) modifying the noun 'reasons', explaining the purpose or action associated with the noun.
中文： 不定式短语「to choose prescription sunglasses」在此处作为形容词（形容词性不定式），用来修饰名词「reasons」，解释与该名词相关的目的或行动。
EN： In Western countries like Ireland, eye care practices (opticians/optometrists) often actively run public health awareness campaigns during seasonal transitions, emphasizing practical advice like UV protection and driving safety.
中文： 在愛爾蘭等西方國家，眼科診所（驗光配鏡中心）經常會在季節交替時主動進行公共健康衛教宣導，強調防紫外線和駕駛安全等實用建議。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase (verb + -ing) can function as the noun subject of a sentence. In this sentence, 'Long exposure...' is a noun phrase, but the concept of 'exposure' (from the verb 'expose') acts as the subject performing the action.
中文： 动名词或名词短语作为主语：英语中可以使用名词短语或动名词（动词 + -ing）来充当句子的主语。在本句中，「Long exposure to UV rays...」（长期暴露于紫外线下）作为整个句子的主语，表示一个概念或状态。
Eating balanced meals is essential for maintaining good health.
均衡饮食对于维持身体健康至关重要。
EN： Coordinating Conjunction 'so': Used to connect two independent clauses where the second clause is the result of the first. It is preceded by a comma.
中文： 并列连词「so」（因此）：用于连接两个独立分句，表示因果关系，第二个分句是第一个分句的结果。在「so」之前通常要加逗号。
The weather was extremely cold, so we decided to stay indoors.
天气非常冷，所以我们决定待在室内。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 处方（指经眼科医生或验光师检查后配制的度数）
在本文中： 偏光的（指能阻挡特定方向反射光的镜片）
在本文中： 反射（光线、热量或声音等从表面反射回来的现象）
在本文中： 刺眼的强光
在本文中： （身体部位的）疲劳、拉伤或过度紧张
在本文中： 投资（此指值得花钱购买并能带来长期好处的事物）
在本文中： 感染（由细菌、病毒等引起的疾病）
在本文中： 暴露、接触（阳光、风雨或有害物质等）
在本文中： 必不可少的、极其重要的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Sunglasses made with lenses that match the wearer's corrective vision prescription.
有度数的太阳镜
Fatigue or pain in the eyes, typically caused by reading, looking at screens, or bright light.
眼睛疲劳
Small plastic discs worn directly on the surface of the eye to correct vision.
隐形眼镜
The ability of a material to block ultraviolet rays from reaching and damaging the eyes or skin.
防紫外线、抗UV