EN： The verb 'turn' is often used with the preposition 'into' to describe a transformation or change from one state, form, or category to another (Turn A into B).
中文： 动词「turn」常与介词「into」连用，用来描述从一种状态、形式或类别转变为另一种（将 A 变成 B）。
She turned her hobby into a successful business.
她将她的爱好变成了一门成功的生意。
EN： In news headlines or titles, 'How' is frequently used to introduce a noun clause that explains the process or method by which something happened.
中文： 在新闻标题或题目中，「How」常用来引导名词性从句，解释某事发生的过程或方法。
How the team won the championship.
这支队伍是如何赢得冠军的。
EN： In the UK, tinned tomatoes are a basic pantry staple, often bought as cheap supermarket own-label products. Mutti's success in branding them as a 'status symbol' reflects a growing consumer trend toward premiumization in everyday cooking ingredients.
中文： 在英國，罐裝番茄是基本的民生必需品，通常被視為廉價的超市自有品牌產品。穆蒂成功將其品牌化為「地位象徵」，反映了消費者在日常烹飪食材上追求高端化的趨勢。
EN： Appositive: A noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename it or describe it in more detail. In this sentence, 'an Italian brand of tinned tomatoes' describes 'Mutti'.
中文： 同位语：紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用于重新命名或提供更详细的描述。在本句中，「an Italian brand of tinned tomatoes」是用来描述「穆蒂」。
Mr. Smith, my English teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的英语老师，非常亲切。
EN： Prepositional Phrase 'close to + gerund': The word 'to' here is a preposition, not part of an infinitive, so it must be followed by a gerund (-ing form) to indicate being near a certain state or action.
中文： 介词短语「close to + 动名词」：这里的「to」是介词，而非不定式的一部分，因此后面必须接动名词（-ing 形式），表示接近某种状态或动作。
The team is close to winning the championship.
该队伍即将赢得冠军。
EN： In the UK, 'supermarket own-label' products (like Tesco or Sainsbury's brands) are very popular because they are cheaper. A 'non-supermarket brand' refers to independent companies like Mutti that specialize in specific products, often positioned as higher quality or 'premium'.
中文： 在英國，「超市自有品牌」產品（如 Tesco 或 Sainsbury's 的品牌）因價格較低而非常受歡迎。「非超市自有品牌」則是指像穆蒂這樣專注於特定產品的獨立公司，通常定位為高品質或「高端」品牌。
EN： Present Perfect Continuous Tense (has been + -ing): This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, often emphasizing the duration or ongoing nature of the activity.
中文： 现在完成进行时 (has been + -ing)：此时态用于描述从过去某个时间点开始，并一直持续到现在的动作，通常强调动作的持续性或过程。
She has been studying English for three hours.
她已经连续读了三个小时的英文了。
EN： The conjunction 'since': Used to indicate the starting point of an action or state. When 'since' introduces a clause, the verb in that clause is usually in the Simple Past tense, while the main clause uses the Present Perfect.
中文： 连词「since」：用于表示动作或状态的起点。当 since 引导从句时，该从句的动词通常使用一般过去时，而主句则使用现在完成时。
I have lived here since I was a child.
我自从孩提时代就一直住在这里。
EN： The mention of 'UK sales' and 'the country' highlights Mutti's international expansion. In the UK, Italian food products are often perceived as high-quality, which aligns with Mutti's strategy of positioning itself as a premium brand compared to supermarket own-label versions.
中文： 提到「英國銷售額」和「該國」突顯了穆蒂的國際擴張。在英國，義大利食品通常被視為高品質的象徵，這與穆蒂將自己定位為優於超市自有品牌的高端品牌策略相契合。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with + noun phrase' is used here as an accompaniment or to provide additional descriptive information about the main clause.
中文： 介词短语「with + 名词短语」在此处用作伴随状语，提供关于主句的额外描述性信息或补充数据。
The company expanded its business, with a growth rate of five percent.
该公司扩大了业务，增长率为百分之五。
EN： The phrase 'for the first time' is an adverbial phrase used to indicate that an event has never happened before until that moment.
中文： 短语「for the first time」是一个副词短语，用来表示某事在该时刻之前从未发生过，即「第一次」。
He visited the UK for the first time last summer.
他去年夏天第一次访问了英国。
EN： In the UK, the grocery market is highly competitive, and 'supermarket own-label' products (generic brands created by the stores themselves) usually dominate because of their lower price. For a premium brand like Mutti to reach number one is a significant shift in consumer behavior, indicating a preference for quality over cost.
中文： 在英國，雜貨市場競爭非常激烈，「超市自有品牌」（由商店自行創建的通用品牌）通常因價格較低而佔據主導地位。對於像穆蒂這樣的優質品牌來說，能達到第一名是消費者行為的重大轉變，表明消費者開始偏好品質而非僅僅考慮成本。
EN： The use of 'more than' is a common way to express a quantity that exceeds a specific number. It functions as a comparative modifier for the numeral 'sixty percent'.
中文： 「more than」的用法是表达超过特定数量的常见方式。它作为数字「百分之六十」的比较修饰语。
More than fifty people attended the meeting.
超过五十人参加了会议。
EN： The word 'still' is an adverb of time used to indicate that a situation continues to exist or happen, positioned before the main verb 'control'.
中文： 「still」是一个时间副词，用于表示某种情况仍然存在或发生，通常置于主要动词「control」之前。
He still lives in the same house.
他仍然住在同一栋房子里。
EN： In the UK, 'own-label' or 'private label' products are very common in supermarkets like Tesco, Sainsbury's, and Waitrose. These are often seen as budget-friendly alternatives to big brands, though some premium own-labels compete directly on quality.
中文： 在英國，超市（如 Tesco、Sainsbury's 和 Waitrose）的「自有品牌」（own-label 或 private label）產品非常普遍。這些產品通常被視為大品牌的平價替代品，儘管一些高端自有品牌在品質上直接與大品牌競爭。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses use 'which' to provide extra information about the preceding clause or noun. They are always separated by a comma.
中文： 非限制性关系从句使用 'which' 来对前面的从句或名词提供额外补充信息。这类从句前面通常会加上逗号与主句隔开。
The car is very old, which is why it breaks down so often.
这辆车很旧，这就是它为什么经常故障的原因。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause to identify exactly which 'supermarket brands' are being referred to.
中文： 关系代词 'that' 引导限制性关系从句，用来明确界定是指哪些「超市品牌」（即那些售价约五十便士的品牌）。
I like the brands that use organic ingredients.
我喜欢那些使用有机原料的品牌。
EN： In the UK, currency is expressed in pounds (£) and pence (p). 'One pound sixty' is a common shorthand for £1.60. Supermarket 'own-label' products are typically the most affordable options in British grocery stores.
中文： 在英國，貨幣單位為英鎊 (£) 和便士 (p)。'One pound sixty' 是 £1.60 的常用口語說法。超市「自有品牌」(own-label) 通常是英國雜貨店中最實惠的選擇。
EN： 'Despite' is a preposition used to show contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a pronoun, or a gerund (V-ing), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 「Despite」是一个表示让步或对比的介词，意为「尽管」。其后必须接名词、代词或动名词（V-ing），不能接包含主语和动词的完整从句。
Despite the rain, we went for a walk.
尽管下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： 'Because of' is a compound preposition used to introduce a reason. Like 'despite', it is followed by a noun phrase rather than a full sentence.
中文： 「Because of」是一个复合介词，用来引出原因。与「because」不同，它后面接的是名词短语而非完整的句子。
The flight was delayed because of bad weather.
航班因为恶劣天气而延误了。
EN： In the UK market, tinned tomatoes are often seen as a basic, low-cost commodity. Mutti's success represents a shift toward 'premiumization' in everyday grocery items, where consumers are willing to pay more for heritage and perceived quality, even for simple ingredients.
中文： 在英國市場，罐裝番茄通常被視為廉價的基礎商品。穆蒂（Mutti）的成功代表了日常雜貨「高端化」的趨勢，消費者願意為品牌傳承和感知的品質支付更高價格，即使是簡單的食材也不例外。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to indicate the amount of change or difference in statistics, such as percentages or prices.
中文： 介词「by」在此用于表示统计数据（如百分比或价格）变动或差异的幅度。
The price of coffee rose by ten percent this month.
这个月咖啡的价格上涨了百分之十。
EN： The present participle phrase 'reaching...' acts as an adverbial modifier, showing the result or consequence of the main action.
中文： 现在分词短语「reaching...」作为副词修饰语，用来表示主句动作产生的结果或后续影响。
The company expanded its factory, creating fifty new jobs.
公司扩建了工厂，创造了五十个新的工作机会。
EN： In the UK, financial figures are often expressed in 'pounds' (£). The mention of 'UK and Ireland' as a combined sales region is common for international brands due to geographical proximity and similar market structures.
中文： 在英國，財務數據通常以「英鎊」(£) 表示。國際品牌常將「英國與愛爾蘭」視為同一個銷售區域，這是因為兩地地理位置鄰近且市場結構相似。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information about a noun and are separated by commas. They use 'which' for things and 'who' for people, but never 'that'.
中文： 非限制性关系从句（Non-defining relative clauses）用于提供关于名词的额外信息，并以逗号隔开。指代事物时使用 'which'，指代人时使用 'who'，且不可使用 'that' 替换。
The new product, which was launched last month, is selling well.
这款上个月推出的新产品目前销售情况良好。
EN： The present continuous tense (is + verb-ing) is used here to describe a current, ongoing process or trend that is happening around the present time.
中文： 现在进行时（is + 动词-ing）在此处用于描述目前正在发生、持续进行中的过程或趋势。
The company is expanding its operations in Europe.
该公司正在扩张其在欧洲的业务。
EN： In the UK, 'adverts' or 'ads' is the common term for commercials, whereas 'commercials' is more frequently used in American English. The mention of a 'six-million-pound' campaign highlights the significant investment Italian brands are making to capture the British premium market.
中文： 在英國，「adverts」或「ads」是廣告的常用說法，而美國英語則較常使用「commercials」。文中提到「六百萬英鎊」的活動，突顯了義大利品牌為了佔領英國高端市場所投入的鉅額資金。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the subject receives the action. 'Was founded' indicates that someone established the company in the past.
中文： 被动语态 (be 动词 + 过去分词)：用于主语是动作的接受者时。「Was founded」表示该公司在过去被某人创立。
The school was founded in 1920.
这所学校创立于 1920 年。
EN： The phrase 'be based in' is used to describe the main location or headquarters of an organization or individual.
中文： 短语「be based in」用于描述一个组织或个人的主要所在地或总部位置。
Our marketing team is based in London.
我们的营销团队总部位于伦敦。
EN： Parma is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy, famous worldwide not only for Mutti tomatoes but also for its Parmigiano Reggiano cheese and Prosciutto di Parma (Parma ham). It is considered the heart of Italy's 'Food Valley'.
中文： 帕爾馬是義大利北部艾米利亞-羅馬涅大區的一座城市，享譽全球的不僅有穆蒂番茄，還有帕馬森乾酪（Parmigiano Reggiano）和帕爾馬火腿（Prosciutto di Parma）。它被認為是義大利「美食谷」的心臟地帶。
EN： Relative Clauses with 'that': A relative clause is used to provide more information about a noun (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'that processed...' describes the 'family-owned company'.
中文： 使用 'that' 的关系从句：关系从句用于提供关于名词（先行词）的更多信息。在本句中，「that processed...」描述了「这家家族经营的公司」。
He works for a company that makes electric cars.
他在一家制造电动汽车的公司工作。
EN： Compound Adjectives: When two or more words are joined by a hyphen to modify a noun (like 'family-owned'), they function as a single adjective.
中文： 复合形容词：当两个或多个单词由连字符连接以修饰名词时（如「family-owned」），它们的功能就像一个单一的形容词。
They live in a five-story building.
他们住在一栋五层楼高的建筑里。
EN： In the context of European business, 'family-owned' companies like Mutti are highly respected for their long-term commitment to quality and heritage, often spanning several generations.
中文： 在歐洲商業背景下，像穆蒂這樣的「家族經營」公司因其對品質和傳承的長期承諾而備受尊敬，這些企業通常跨越好幾代人。
EN： The Present Simple tense is used here to describe a current state or a permanent situation. In this sentence, 'sells' indicates the brand's ongoing business activity.
中文： 一般现在时（Present Simple）在此用于描述现状或持久的情况。在句中，「sells」表示该品牌目前持续进行的商业活动。
The company exports its products to many countries.
这家公司将其产品出口到许多国家。
EN： Oxford Comma and Listing: When listing three or more items, commas are used to separate them. The comma before 'and' (the Oxford comma) helps clarify that the last two items are distinct.
中文： 牛津逗号与列举：当列出三个或更多项目时，使用逗号将其隔开。在「and」之前的逗号（牛津逗号）有助于明确表示最后两个项目是独立的。
We bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
我们买了苹果、橙子和香蕉。
EN： In Italian cuisine, there are specific terms for tomato products: 'Passata' is uncooked tomato purée that has been strained of seeds and skins, while 'Paste' (concentrato) is highly concentrated tomato that has been cooked down. Understanding these distinctions is key to authentic Italian cooking.
中文： 在義大利料理中，番茄產品有特定的術語：「Passata」是指去皮去籽後的生番茄泥，而「Paste」（濃縮膏）則是經過長時間烹煮後的高度濃縮番茄。了解這些區別是掌握道地義大利烹飪的關鍵。
EN： Present Continuous Tense: Formed with 'be' + 'verb-ing', it describes an action happening right now or a current trend.
中文： 现在进行时：由「be 动词 + 现在分词 (V-ing)」构成，用于描述目前正在发生的动作或当前的趋势。
The marketing team is currently developing a new strategy.
营销团队目前正在制定一项新策略。
EN： Present Participle as a Preposition: The word 'including' is a present participle used here as a preposition to introduce specific examples belonging to a larger group.
中文： 现在分词作为介词：'including'（包括）在此处作为介词使用，用来引出属于较大群体中的具体例子。
The price is fifty dollars, including tax.
价格是五十美元，包含税金。
EN： The cities mentioned (Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Cardiff) represent major urban hubs across different parts of the UK: North West England, Scotland, and Wales, showing the brand's nationwide expansion strategy.
中文： 句中提到的城市（曼徹斯特、利物浦、愛丁堡、卡地夫）代表了英國不同地區的主要城市中心：英格蘭西北部、蘇格蘭和威爾斯，這顯示了該品牌在全國範圍內的擴張策略。
EN： Appositives: A noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'the great-grandson of one of the founders' provides more information about 'Francesco Mutti'.
中文： 同位语：紧跟在另一个名词旁边，用来重新命名或描述该名词的名词或名词短语。在此句中，「the great-grandson of one of the founders」提供了关于「弗朗切斯科·穆蒂」的更多信息。
Mr. Smith, my English teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的英语老师，非常亲切。
EN： Indirect Questions: When a question is used as an object within a sentence, the word order changes to 'subject + verb' (statement order). Here, 'why the brand is becoming...' follows this rule.
中文： 间接疑问句：当一个疑问句在句子中充当宾语时，语序会变为「主语 + 动词」（陈述句语序）。在此句中，「why the brand is becoming...」遵循了这一规则。
I don't know where he lives.
我不知道他住在哪里。
EN： In family-owned Italian businesses, the lineage (like being a 'great-grandson') is often highlighted to emphasize tradition, quality, and long-term commitment to the brand's values.
中文： 在義大利的家族企業中，家族血統（如「曾孫」身分）經常被強調，用以突顯傳統、品質以及對品牌價值的長期承諾。
EN： The phrase 'choose A over B' is a common structure used to express preference, meaning to select one option instead of another, usually because it is considered better.
中文： 短语「choose A over B」是一个常用结构，用来表达偏好，意指选择其中一个选项而非另一个，通常是因为前者被认为更好。
Many people choose organic vegetables over regular ones for health reasons.
出于健康原因，许多人选择有机蔬菜而非普通蔬菜。
EN： This sentence uses a 'that-clause' as a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'said'. It reports what the speaker stated.
中文： 本句使用「that 从句」作为名词性从句，充当动词「said」的直接宾语。它用来转述说话者所陈述的内容。
She said that the movie was very inspiring.
她说那部电影非常鼓舞人心。
EN： In the UK, there is a strong culture of 'supermarket own-label' products, which are typically cheaper. Mutti's success represents a shift where consumers are willing to pay a premium for authentic Italian heritage and quality, turning a basic pantry staple into a 'status symbol'.
中文： 在英國，存在著強大的「超市自有品牌」文化，這些產品通常較便宜。穆蒂的成功代表了一種轉變，即消費者願意為純正的義大利傳承和品質支付溢價，將基本的廚房主食變成了一種「地位象徵」。
EN： The 'that' clause functions as a noun clause (object clause) following the verb 'believes'. It introduces the specific thought or belief being expressed.
中文： 「that」引导的名词性从句（宾语从句）接在动词「believes」之后，用来带出具体的想法或信念内容。
She believes that the project will succeed.
她相信这个计划会成功。
EN： The idiom 'play a role' means to have an effect or influence on something. Adding an adjective like 'significant' specifies the degree of that influence.
中文： 习语「play a role」意为「发挥作用」或「扮演角色」。加入形容词如「significant」（显著的）可以用来描述该影响力的程度。
Technology plays a significant role in modern education.
科技在现代教育中发挥着重要作用。
EN： The phrase 'across the UK' reflects the brand's ambition to expand beyond London and become a household name in all four nations of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland).
中文： 「across the UK」（全英國）一詞反映了該品牌擴張至倫敦以外地區的野心，旨在成為聯合王國四個構成國（英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾斯和北愛爾蘭）家喻戶曉的名字。
EN： Passive Voice with Expectation: The structure 'be expected to + verb' is used to describe a prediction or a likely future event based on current evidence or general belief.
中文： 被动语态与预期：结构「be expected to + 动词」用于根据目前的证据或普遍看法，描述对未来事件的预测或可能性。
The new Italian restaurant is expected to open next month.
这家新的意大利餐厅预计下个月开业。
EN： The phrase 'for the rest of' is used to indicate the remaining duration of a specific period, such as a day, month, or year.
中文： 短语「for the rest of」用于表示特定时段（如一天、一个月或一年）的剩余时间。
He plans to stay in London for the rest of the week.
他计划在本周剩余的时间里留在伦敦。
EN： In the UK market, 'supermarket own-label' products are very common and usually cheaper. For a brand like Mutti to hold the 'number one' position as a premium brand is a significant achievement in British consumer culture.
中文： 在英國市場，「超市自有品牌」產品非常普遍且通常較便宜。對於像穆蒂這樣的優質品牌來說，能保持「第一名」的地位在英國消費文化中是一項顯著的成就。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 地位的象征；代表社会地位的物品
在本文中： 市场份额
在本文中： 自有品牌（通常指超市或零售商推出的品牌）
在本文中： （品牌或产品的）定位
在本文中： 加工；处理（原材料）
在本文中： 替代选择
在本文中： 重要的；显著的
在本文中： （有目的性的）活动；宣传活动
在本文中： 省；省份
在本文中： 巡回；游历
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Tomatoes that have been preserved in a metal container.
番茄罐头
To have an important effect or influence on a situation.
扮演重要角色；起重要作用
An organized course of action to promote and sell a product or service.
营销活动
Sauces that are prepared and sold in a form that is ready to be used immediately.
即食酱料；预制酱汁