EN： Present Participle as Adjective: The word 'Rising' is a present participle (verb + -ing) used as an adjective to describe the noun 'Prices'. It indicates an ongoing action or state.
中文： 现在分词作形容词：'Rising' 是现在分词（动词 + -ing），在此作为形容词修饰名词 'Prices'（物价）。它表示正在进行的动作或状态。
The falling leaves covered the ground.
飘落的叶子铺满了地面。
EN： Superlative Adjectives: 'The Biggest' is the superlative form of 'big'. In English, we use 'the' + adjective-est (or 'most' + adjective) to compare three or more things and indicate the extreme.
中文： 最高级形容词：'The Biggest' 是 'big' 的最高级形式。在英语中，我们使用 'the' 加上形容词词尾 -est（或 'most' 加上形容词）来比较三个或以上的事物，并指出其程度最高者。
This is the most expensive car in the shop.
这是这家店里最贵的汽车。
EN： In British English news headlines, the 'source' of the information (like 'Survey Shows' or 'Police Say') is often placed at the end of the sentence after a comma, which is a stylistic choice to emphasize the main news first.
中文： 在英國新聞標題中，資訊的來源（如 'Survey Shows' 或 'Police Say'）通常放在句末並用逗號隔開。這是一種風格選擇，旨在首先強調新聞的主要內容。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to be relevant or true in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在，或对现在仍具重要性的动作或状态。
The cost of living has increased significantly this year.
今年生活成本已显著增加。
EN： The Superlative Adjective 'the biggest' is used to compare three or more things, indicating that 'financial worry' is at the highest degree among all worries.
中文： 最高级形容词“the biggest”用于比较三个或更多事物，表示“财务担忧”在所有担忧中程度最高。
This is the biggest challenge the company has ever faced.
这是该公司有史以来面临的最大挑战。
EN： The term 'households' is commonly used in UK economic reports to refer to the basic unit of people living together who make financial decisions, rather than just individuals.
中文： 「households」（家庭/住戶）一詞常用於英國經濟報告中，指代共同生活並做出財務決策的基本單位，而不僅僅是個人。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' starting with 'that' as the direct object of the verb 'found'. This clause functions as a noun to describe what was discovered.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引导的“名词性从句”作为动词 'found' 的直接宾语。这个从句的功能如同名词，用来描述发现的具体内容。
The report shows that global temperatures are rising.
报告显示全球气温正在上升。
EN： The adverb 'increasingly' is used to modify the adjective 'gloomy', indicating a progressive change or growth in a particular state.
中文： 副词 'increasingly'（越来越...地）用来修饰形容词 'gloomy'（忧郁的），表示某种状态正在持续增加或发展。
The exam questions are becoming increasingly difficult.
考试题目变得越来越难。
EN： S&P Global is a major American publicly traded corporation that provides financial information and analytics. In economic news, their surveys are often used as key indicators of market sentiment and consumer behavior.
中文： 標普全球 (S&P Global) 是一家提供金融資訊與分析的大型美國上市公司。在經濟新聞中，他們的調查報告經常被視為市場情緒和消費者行為的重要指標。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clauses: The word 'which' is used after a comma to provide extra information about the preceding noun ('official inflation figures'). Unlike restrictive clauses, this information is not essential to identify the noun but adds descriptive detail.
中文： 非限制性关系从句：在逗号后使用 'which' 来提供先行词（在此为 'official inflation figures'）的额外信息。与限制性用法不同，这类信息并非识别该名词所必需，而是提供补充说明。
The report, which was released yesterday, highlights the economic growth.
这份报告（于昨天发布）强调了经济增长。
EN： Passive Voice: The structure 'be + past participle' (was published, were expected) is used when the action is more important than the person or thing performing it. In news reports, this shifts focus to the events and data.
中文： 被动语态：结构为“be 动词 + 过去分词”（如 was published, were expected）。当动作本身比执行者更重要时使用，在新闻报道中，这能将焦点转移到事件和数据上。
The results were expected to be positive.
结果预计会是正面的。
EN： In economic reporting, 'official inflation figures' usually refer to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) released by government agencies. The timing of such reports is critical as they influence market expectations and central bank decisions on interest rates.
中文： 在經濟報導中，「官方通貨膨脹數據」通常指政府機構發佈的消費者物價指數 (CPI)。這類報告的發佈時機至關重要，因為它們會影響市場預期以及中央銀行對利率的決策。
EN： The infinitive 'to measure' is used here as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the survey uses the index.
中文： 不定式“to measure”在此作为目的状语，用来解释该调查“为什么”要使用这个指数。
He saved money to buy a new car.
他存钱是为了买一辆新车。
EN： The noun clause 'how people feel about their finances' acts as the direct object of the verb 'measure'. It follows the structure: question word + subject + verb.
中文： 名词性从句“how people feel about their finances”作为动词“measure”的直接宾语。其结构为：疑问词 + 主语 + 动词。
I don't know how she finished the work so fast.
我不知道她是如何这么快完成工作的。
EN： The use of 'down from' is a common prepositional phrase used to compare a current figure with a previous one, indicating a decrease.
中文： “down from”是一个常见的介词短语，用于将目前的数据与先前的数据进行比较，表示数值下降。
The unemployment rate is 4.5%, down from 5.0% last year.
失业率为 4.5%，低于去年的 5.0%。
EN： Prepositions of time: 'in' is used with months (e.g., in May, in April) to indicate when an event occurred.
中文： 时间介词：'in' 与月份连用（例如：在五月、在四月），用来表示事件发生的时间点。
The project will be completed in June.
该项目将在六月完成。
EN： In financial reporting, precision is key. The use of decimals (42.1, 42.3) and specific months helps stakeholders track economic trends accurately. The index mentioned is likely a 'Consumer Sentiment Index' which reflects public confidence in the economy.
中文： 在財經新聞中，精確度至關重要。使用小數點（42.1、42.3）和具體月份有助於利益相關者準確追蹤經濟趨勢。文中提到的指數很可能是「消費者信心指數」，反映了公眾對經濟的信心程度。
EN： The word 'when' is used here as a relative adverb to introduce a non-defining relative clause. It provides additional information about a specific time (July 2023) mentioned in the main clause.
中文： 单词 'when' 在此作为关系副词，引导一个非限制性关系从句。它用来对主句中提到的特定时间（2023年7月）提供额外的补充说明。
I remember the day when we first met.
我记得我们第一次见面的那天。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'because of' is used to indicate a reason or cause. It is followed by a noun or noun phrase (the Russian invasion).
中文： 介词短语 'because of' 用于表示原因或理由。其后接名词或名词短语（俄罗斯入侵）。
The flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
航班因为大雨而延误了。
EN： The sentence refers to the global economic impact of the conflict in Ukraine, which led to a sharp increase in energy and food prices worldwide, particularly affecting the cost of living in the UK.
中文： 這句話提到了 烏克蘭 衝突對全球經濟的影響，該衝突導致全球能源和食品價格大幅上漲，特別是嚴重影響了 英國 的生活成本。
EN： The sentence uses a 'wh- noun clause' starting with 'how' as the direct object of the verb 'tracks'. This clause functions as a noun to describe the specific information being monitored.
中文： 本句使用以 'how' 开头的“疑问词名词性从句”作为动词 'tracks' 的直接宾语。此从句的功能如同名词，用来描述被追踪的具体信息内容。
The report explains how businesses adapt to new regulations.
该报告解释了企业如何适应新规定。
EN： The Oxford Comma (the comma before 'and') is used here to clearly separate the final item in a list of four nouns: spending, savings, debt, and employment.
中文： 牛津逗号（'and' 之前的逗号）在此用于清晰地分隔包含四个名词的列表中的最后一项：支出、储蓄、债务和就业。
She bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
她买了苹果、橙子和香蕉。
EN： In economic reporting, 'The index' often refers to a specific statistical measure used to track changes in the economy. In this context, it refers to the consumer sentiment index mentioned earlier in the text, which is a common tool for economists to gauge public confidence.
中文： 在經濟報導中，「該指數」(The index) 通常指用於追蹤經濟變化的特定統計指標。在本文語境下，它指前文提到的消費者信心指數，這是經濟學家衡量公眾信心的常用工具。
EN： The Present Continuous Participle as an Adjective: The word 'growing' is a present participle (verb + -ing) used as an adjective to describe a noun that is currently in a state of change or development.
中文： 现在分词作形容词：'growing' 是一个现在分词（动词 + -ing），在此作为形容词使用，用来描述一个正处于变化或发展状态的名词。
The rising sun is beautiful.
正在升起的太阳很美。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement: In English, the verb must agree with the subject in number. Here, 'Higher fuel prices' is a plural subject, so the plural verb 'are' is used.
中文： 主语与动词的一致性：在英语中，动词必须在数量上与主语保持一致。这里的 'Higher fuel prices' 是复数主语，因此使用复数动词 'are'。
The students are ready for the test.
学生们已经准备好参加考试了。
EN： In the UK, 'fuel prices' typically refers to the cost of petrol (gasoline) and diesel for vehicles, which is a significant part of the cost of living and is highly sensitive to global geopolitical events.
中文： 在英國，'fuel prices'（燃料價格）通常指汽車用的汽油和柴油成本。這是生活成本的重要組成部分，且對全球地緣政治事件高度敏感。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to provide additional information or clarification. In this sentence, 'an important shipping route' explains what 'The strait of Hormuz' is.
中文： 同位语（Appositives）是紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用于提供额外信息或解释。在本句中，“an important shipping route”解释了“霍尔木兹海峡”是什么。
Mr. Chen, my English teacher, is very kind.
陈先生，我的英语老师，非常亲切。
EN： The Present Perfect Passive Voice ('has been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result in the present, where the subject receives the action.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态（has been + 过去分词）用于描述过去某个不确定时间发生、且对现在有影响的动作，且主语是动作的接收者。
The window has been broken by the wind.
窗户被风吹破了。
EN： The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most strategically important choke points for oil transport. Located between Oman and Iran, it connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. Any disruption here significantly impacts global energy prices.
中文： 霍爾木茲海峽是全球最具戰略意義的石油運輸咽喉要道之一。它位於阿曼和伊朗之間，連接波斯灣與阿曼灣及阿拉伯海。該地區的任何中斷都會顯著影響全球能源價格。
EN： The Present Perfect tense (has pushed) is used here to describe a past action that has a direct result or relevance to the present situation.
中文： 现在完成时 (has pushed) 在此处用于描述过去发生的动作，且该动作对现状有直接的影响或关联性。
The heavy rain has caused the river levels to rise.
大雨已导致水位上升。
EN： The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause acting as the object of the verb 'fear', specifying what people are afraid of.
中文： 连词“that”引导一个名词性从句，作为动词“fear”的宾语，用来具体说明人们所担心的内容。
Scientists fear that global temperatures will continue to increase.
科学家担心全球气温将持续升高。
EN： In the context of global economics, interest rates are a primary tool used by central banks to control inflation. When prices (inflation) rise too quickly, central banks often increase interest rates to cool down the economy, which directly impacts household mortgages and loans.
中文： 在全球經濟背景下，利率是各國央行用來控制通貨膨脹的主要工具。當物價（通膨）上漲過快時，央行通常會調升利率以抑制經濟過熱，這會直接影響到家庭的房屋貸款和一般貸款支出。
EN： The causative structure 'make + object + adjective' is used to describe how someone or something causes a change in state or condition. In this sentence, 'it' is a dummy object representing the infinitive phrase that follows.
中文： 使役结构“make + 宾语 + 形容词”用于描述某人或某事如何导致状态或情况的改变。在本句中，“it”是形式宾语，代表后面跟随的不定式短语。
The heavy rain made the roads slippery.
大雨使得道路变得湿滑。
EN： The use of 'it' as a dummy object (preparatory object) allows the real object (to pay back loans...) to be placed at the end of the sentence for better flow and clarity.
中文： 使用“it”作为形式宾语（先行宾语），可以将真正的宾语（偿还贷款...）放在句尾，使句子结构更平衡且清晰。
I find it difficult to wake up early.
我觉得早起很困难。
EN： In the UK, many mortgages are on variable rates or short-term fixed rates. This means that when the central bank raises interest rates to fight inflation, British households feel the financial impact much more quickly than in countries where 30-year fixed mortgages are common.
中文： 在英國，許多抵押貸款採用浮動利率或短期固定利率。這意味著當中央銀行為了對抗通貨膨脹而提高利率時，英國家庭感受到的財務衝擊會比那些普遍使用 30 年固定利率抵押貸款的國家要快得多。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（have + 过去分词）在此用于描述发生在过去某个不确定时间点，且对现在仍具影响或关联的动作。
The company has seen a growth in sales this year.
该公司今年见证了销售额的增长。
EN： The Noun Clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'found', explaining exactly what was discovered.
中文： 由“that”引导的名词性从句作为动词“found”的直接宾语，用来具体说明发现了什么内容。
Scientists found that the climate is changing rapidly.
科学家发现气候正在迅速变化。
EN： In the UK, the 'cost of living crisis' has been a major socio-economic issue since 2022, leading to significant changes in household spending and saving habits as mentioned in the survey.
中文： 在英國，「生活成本危機」自2022年以來一直是主要的社會經濟問題，導致如調查中所述的家庭支出與儲蓄習慣發生重大變化。
EN： The phrase 'at the fastest pace' uses the superlative adjective 'fastest' with the preposition 'at' to describe the rate or speed at which an action occurs.
中文： 短语“at the fastest pace”使用了最高级形容词“fastest”与介词“at”连用，用来描述某个动作发生的速率或速度。
Technology is developing at the fastest pace in history.
科技正以历史上最快的速度发展。
EN： The word 'since' is used as a preposition here to indicate a starting point in time, referring back to a specific date (July 2023) to show how long a situation has been the case.
中文： “since”在此作为介词使用，用来标示时间的起点，回溯到一个特定的日期（2023年7月），以表示某种情况持续的时间背景。
He has been working here since 2010.
他自2010年以来就在这里工作。
EN： The mention of July 2023 refers to a period of significant economic pressure in the UK, often linked to high inflation rates following global geopolitical events. Comparing current data to this specific point helps readers understand the severity of the current financial situation.
中文： 提到2023年7月是指英國面臨重大經濟壓力的時期，這通常與全球地緣政治事件後的高通膨率有關。將當前數據與這一特定時間點進行比較，有助於讀者理解目前財務狀況的嚴重性。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'have/has + past participle'. It is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 现在完成时：由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。此处用于描述一个始于过去且对现在产生影响或结果的动作。
The recent storm has caused significant damage to the city.
最近的暴风雨已对这座城市造成了重大损害。
EN： Collocation 'Put pressure on': A common phrase meaning to try to make someone do something or to be a burden on a situation.
中文： 固定搭配“Put pressure on”：一个常见短语，意指对某人施加压力或对某种情况造成负担。
The rising demand for housing is putting pressure on local prices.
日益增长的住房需求正给当地物价带来压力。
EN： In the UK, 'household budgets' is a common term used in economic discussions to refer to the total money a family has to spend on necessities like food, energy, and housing. The mention of energy prices is particularly relevant due to the global energy crisis affecting Europe since 2022.
中文： 在英國，「household budgets」(家庭預算) 是經濟討論中的常用術語，指家庭用於食品、能源和住房等必需品的總支出。提到能源價格特別具有現實意義，因為自 2022 年以來全球能源危機嚴重影響了歐洲。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to provide additional information or clarification. In this sentence, 'an economist at S&P Global' identifies who Maryam Baluch is.
中文： 同位语（Appositives）是紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用于提供额外信息或说明。在本句中，“an economist at S&P Global”说明了玛丽亚姆·巴鲁奇的身份。
Mr. Smith, my high school teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的高中老师，人非常亲切。
EN： The present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. 'Have taken' suggests the worries started recently and are still prominent.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）用于描述过去某个不确定时间发生且与现在相关的动作。“Have taken”暗示这些担忧是近期开始的，且目前仍然非常显著。
The new policy has caused many debates.
这项新政策已经引起了许多争论。
EN： The idiom 'take centre stage' originates from the theatre, referring to an actor moving to the middle of the stage where they receive the most attention. In business and news, it means a particular issue has become the most important or prominent topic.
中文： 成語「take centre stage」（成為關注焦點）源自劇場，指演員走到舞台中央以獲得最多關注。在商業和新聞語境中，它意味著某個特定議題已成為最重要或最受矚目的焦點。
EN： The phrasal verb 'eat into' means to use up or consume a part of something valuable, such as time or money, especially when you do not want to.
中文： 动词短语“eat into”意指消耗或侵蚀某种有价值的东西（如时间或金钱），特别是在非自愿的情况下。
High medical bills are eating into my retirement fund.
高额的医疗账单正在消耗我的退休基金。
EN： The phrase 'at a rate that...' uses a relative clause to describe the speed or frequency of an action. 'That has not been seen for a long time' is a present perfect passive relative clause modifying 'rate'.
中文： 短语“at a rate that...”使用关系从句来描述动作的速度或频率。“that has not been seen for a long time”是一个现在完成被动语态的关系从句，用来修饰“rate”（速率）。
Technology is advancing at a rate that surprises everyone.
科技正以令所有人惊讶的速度进步。
EN： The phrase 'cost of living' is a standard economic term used frequently in British media to discuss inflation and its impact on everyday expenses like food, rent, and energy.
中文： 「cost of living」（生活成本）是一個標準的經濟術語，在英國媒體中頻繁出現，用來討論通貨膨脹及其對食品、房租和能源等日常開支的影響。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 对未来感到悲观或忧郁的
在本文中： 通货膨胀，指物价持续上涨的现象
在本文中： 情绪、观点或看法
在本文中： 指数，用来衡量变动的数值
在本文中： 武装入侵、侵略
在本文中： 抵押贷款，通常指房屋贷款
在本文中： 经济学家
在本文中： 压力，指经济上的负担
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
The proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower.
利率
The amount of money needed to cover basic expenses such as housing, food, and healthcare.
生活成本
To become the most important or noticeable part of a situation.
成为焦点、成为核心问题
To gradually use up or reduce something, such as savings or time.
耗费、侵蚀（金钱或时间）