EN： Present Perfect Tense (has announced): Used here to describe a recent action that has a result or relevance in the present. It is formed with 'have/has' + past participle.
中文： 现在完成时（has announced）：此处用于描述最近发生的动作，且该动作对现在具有影响或关联。其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。
The company has launched a new product today.
该公司今天发布了一款新产品。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'announced', explaining what was announced.
中文： that 引导的名词性从句：单词“that”在此引导一个从属从句，作为动词“announced”的直接宾语，用来具体说明宣布的内容。
I believe that we can solve this problem.
我相信我们可以解决这个问题。
EN： The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Traditionally, British banknotes feature a portrait of the reigning monarch on the front and a historical figure on the back. Switching to wildlife represents a significant shift in national iconography.
中文： 英格蘭銀行是英國的中央銀行。傳統上，英國紙幣正面印有在位君主的肖像，背面則印有歷史名人。改用野生動物圖案代表了國家形象符號的重大轉變。
EN： Future Passive Voice: Formed by 'will be' + past participle (V3). It is used when the focus is on the person or thing that experiences an action in the future, rather than who performs it.
中文： 一般将来时的被动语态：由“will be + 过去分词（V3）”构成。用于强调未来某个受词将“被”如何处理，而非执行动作的主体。
The new library will be opened next month.
新图书馆将于下个月开幕。
EN： Parallel Structure in Lists: When listing multiple items, they should follow the same grammatical form. Here, 'five, ten, twenty, and fifty' are all adjectives modifying 'pound notes'.
中文： 列表中的平行结构：在列举多个项目时，应保持语法形式一致。在此句中，“five, ten, twenty, and fifty”皆为形容词，用以修饰“pound notes”。
She bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
她买了苹果、橘子和香蕉。
EN： British banknotes currently feature prominent historical figures such as Winston Churchill (£5), Jane Austen (£10), J.M.W. Turner (£20), and Alan Turing (£50). The transition to wildlife represents a shift in national identity and values, emphasizing environmental conservation.
中文： 目前的英鎊鈔票印有著名的歷史人物，例如溫斯頓·邱吉爾（5鎊）、珍·奧斯汀（10鎊）、J.M.W. 泰納（20鎊）以及艾倫·圖靈（50鎊）。改用野生動物作為主題，代表了國家認同與價值觀的轉變，更加強調環境保育。
EN： The verb 'means' is followed by a 'that' clause, which functions as the direct object of the sentence to explain the result or implication of a situation.
中文： 动词“means”（意味着）后面接由“that”引导的从句，此从句作为句子的直接宾语，用来解释某种情况所导致的结果或含义。
The dark clouds mean that it will rain soon.
乌云意味着很快就要下雨了。
EN： The phrase 'no longer' is an adverbial phrase used to indicate that an action or state that used to happen has stopped.
中文： “No longer”是一个副词短语，用来表示过去曾经发生或存在的动作或状态现在已经停止，意为“不再”。
He no longer lives in this city.
他不再住在这个城市了。
EN： British banknotes traditionally feature the reigning monarch on the front and a famous historical figure on the back. The decision to switch to wildlife marks a significant departure from this tradition, reflecting a modern focus on environmental conservation and national natural heritage.
中文： 英國鈔票的傳統是在正面印有在位的君主，背面則印有一位著名的歷史人物。決定改用野生動物作為主題，標誌著對這一傳統的重大改變，反映了現代社會對環境保護和國家自然遺產的重視。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the current situation.
中文： 现在完成时（have + 过去分词）：此处用于描述过去某个不确定的时间点发生的动作，且该动作与现状有所关联。
The company has announced a new policy regarding remote work.
公司已经宣布了一项关于远程工作的新政策。
EN： Gerund after Prepositions: The word 'removing' is a gerund (verb+ing acting as a noun) because it follows the preposition 'about'.
中文： 介词后的动名词：“removing”是一个动名词（动词+ing 作为名词使用），因为它接在介词“about”之后。
She is thinking about moving to another city.
她正在考虑搬到另一个城市。
EN： Winston Churchill was a Prime Minister who led Britain during WWII, and Jane Austen was a world-renowned 19th-century novelist. Both are iconic symbols of British heritage, which is why their removal from banknotes is a sensitive political topic.
中文： 溫斯頓·邱吉爾是二戰期間領導英國的首相，而珍·奧斯汀則是享譽世界的19世紀小說家。兩者都是英國文化遺產的標誌性象徵，這也是為什麼將他們從鈔票上移除會成為一個敏感的政治話題。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle): This tense is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a connection to the present, or to show a result that is still relevant.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）：此时态用于描述过去某个不确定时间点发生的动作，且该动作与现在有联系，或其结果在目前仍具重要性。
Recent studies have shown that exercise improves mental health.
最近的研究显示，运动能改善心理健康。
EN： Noun Clauses with 'that': A noun clause functions as a noun within a sentence. Here, 'that most people actually support...' acts as the direct object of the verb 'shown'.
中文： that 引导的名词性从句：名词性从句在句子中充当名词的功能。在此句中，“that most people actually support...”作为动词“shown”的直接宾语。
I believe that we can find a solution.
我相信我们可以找到解决方案。
EN： In the UK, the Bank of England often uses public consultations to involve citizens in major changes, such as currency design. This reflects a democratic approach to national symbols, balancing historical tradition with modern public values.
中文： 在英國，英格蘭銀行經常透過「公眾諮詢」讓公民參與重大變革（如貨幣設計）。這反映了一種對國家象徵的民主處理方式，旨在歷史傳統與現代大眾價值觀之間取得平衡。
EN： The Present Simple Tense is used here to describe a regular habit or a general fact. The adverb 'regularly' emphasizes the frequency of the action.
中文： 现在简单时在此用于描述规律的习惯或普遍事实。副词“regularly”（定期地）强调了该动作发生的频率。
The company regularly updates its software to fix bugs.
这家公司定期更新其软件以修复错误。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an infinitive with or without 'to' (help to do / help do). In this sentence, it is used to show the purpose or result of an action.
中文： 动词“help”（帮助）后面可以接带 to 的不定式或省略 to 的原形动词。在本句中，它用于表示某个动作的目的或结果。
Drinking water helps to keep your skin healthy.
喝水有助于保持皮肤健康。
EN： The Bank of England frequently updates banknote designs not just for aesthetics, but as a critical security measure. Modern British banknotes are now made of polymer (a thin, flexible plastic) which is harder to counterfeit than traditional paper.
中文： 英格蘭銀行頻繁更新鈔票設計不僅是為了美觀，更是一項關鍵的安全措施。現代英國鈔票現在由聚合物（一種薄且靈活的塑料）製成，這比傳統紙幣更難偽造。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses: The phrase starting with 'which' provides extra information about the subject 'a panel of experts'. It is separated by commas and can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
中文： 非限定性定语从句：以“which”开头的短语为前面的主语“专家小组”提供额外信息。这种用法通常用逗号隔开，即使删除也不会影响句子的核心意义。
My car, which I bought last year, is already broken.
我的车（去年买的那辆）已经坏了。
EN： Future tense with 'will': Used here to express a planned action or a firm intention that will happen in the future.
中文： 使用“will”的一般将来时：在此处用于表达未来将发生的计划行动或坚定的意图。
The committee will announce the winner tomorrow.
委员会将于明天公布获胜者。
EN： The Bank of England often uses advisory committees to ensure that national symbols on currency reflect a broad range of expertise and public interest, balancing tradition with modern values.
中文： 英格蘭銀行經常使用諮詢委員會，以確保貨幣上的國家象徵能反映廣泛的專業知識和公眾利益，並在傳統與現代價值觀之間取得平衡。
EN： The Future Simple tense (will + base verb) is used here to express a planned action or a future event that is expected to happen. The adverb 'then' is placed between the auxiliary 'will' and the main verb 'vote' to indicate a sequence of events.
中文： 一般将来时（will + 动词原形）在此用于表达计划中的行动或预期发生的未来事件。副词“then”（随后）被放置在助动词“will”和主要动词“vote”之间，用以表示事件的先后顺序。
The committee will then decide on the winner next week.
委员会随后将在下周决定获胜者。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used after the verb 'vote' to specify the subject or topic of the vote. This is a common verb-preposition collocation (vote on something).
中文： 介词“on”接在动词“vote”之后，用来指定投票的主题或对象。这是一个常见的动词与介词搭配用法（就某事进行投票）。
We need to vote on the new proposal.
我们需要就这项新提案进行投票。
EN： In the UK, public consultations and votes are common ways for institutions like the Bank of England to engage citizens in national decisions, such as choosing figures or themes for currency, reflecting a democratic approach to national identity.
中文： 在英國，公眾諮詢和投票是英格蘭銀行等機構讓公民參與國家決策（例如選擇貨幣上的的人物或主題）的常用方式，這反映了建構國家認同的民主方法。
EN： Non-defining relative clause: The phrase starting with 'which' provides extra information about the preceding nouns (hedgehog, robin, barn owl). It is separated by a comma and is used when the identity of the noun is already clear.
中文： 非限定性定语从句：以“which”开头的短语为前面的名词（刺猬、知更鸟、仓鸮）提供额外信息。它用逗号隔开，用于名词身份已经明确的情况。
My favorite book, which I bought yesterday, is on the table.
我最喜欢的那本书（我昨天买的）在桌子上。
EN： Compound adjectives: 'Well-loved' is a compound adjective formed by an adverb and a past participle, used to describe a noun. These are often hyphenated when they appear before the noun they modify.
中文： 复合形容词：“Well-loved”是由副词和过去分词组成的复合形容词，用来修饰名词。当它们出现在所修饰的名词之前时，通常会加上连字符。
This is a well-known story in our country.
这是在我们国家家喻户晓的故事。
EN： The robin is often considered the national bird of the UK and is a symbol of British gardens, especially during winter and Christmas. The hedgehog is also a beloved garden visitor, though its numbers have been declining, making it a significant symbol for British wildlife conservation.
中文： 知更鳥通常被認為是英國的國鳥，是英國花園的象徵，尤其是在冬季和聖誕節期間。刺蝟也是深受喜愛的花園訪客，儘管其數量一直在下降，這使它成為英國野生動物保育的重要象徵。
EN： The verb 'suggest' is followed by a gerund (V-ing) when proposing an action. In this sentence, 'featuring' acts as the object of the verb 'suggested'.
中文： 动词“suggest”（建议）后面接动名词（V-ing）来表示提议某项行动。在本句中，“featuring”作为动词“suggested”的宾语。
The committee suggested postponing the meeting until next week.
委员会建议将会议延期到下周。
EN： The relative clause 'that have been brought back from extinction' uses the passive voice in the present perfect tense to describe a completed action with current relevance.
中文： 定语从句“that have been brought back from extinction”使用了现在完成时的被动语态，用来描述一个已经完成且与现状相关的动作（被从灭绝中救回）。
The ancient traditions that have been preserved are still practiced today.
那些被保存下来的古老传统至今仍在实践。
EN： Natural England is an executive non-departmental public body in the UK, responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment is protected and improved. The mention of 'extinction' refers to successful reintroduction programs in Britain, such as the white-tailed eagle.
中文： Natural England（英格蘭自然署）是英國的一個非部會公共機構，負責確保英格蘭的自然環境得到保護和改善。文中提到的「滅絕」是指英國成功的物種重新引進計畫，例如白尾海鵰。
EN： The verb 'include' is used to introduce parts of a whole. It is often followed by a list of items that belong to a larger group mentioned previously.
中文： 动词“include”（包括）用于引出整体中的一部分。它通常后接一系列属于前文提到的较大群体中的项目。
The price of the tour includes lunch and transport.
旅费包括午餐和交通。
EN： Compound adjectives (like 'white-tailed') are often formed by combining a color or quality with a noun ending in '-ed' to describe a specific physical feature.
中文： 复合形容词（如“white-tailed”，白尾的）通常由颜色或特质结合词尾加了“-ed”的名词组成，用来描述特定的身体特征。
The red-breasted robin is a common sight in winter.
红胸鸲是冬季常见的景象。
EN： The white-tailed eagle and the large blue butterfly are significant conservation success stories in the UK. Both species became extinct in Britain but were successfully reintroduced through careful environmental management.
中文： 白尾海雕和大藍蝶是英國保育成功的重大案例。這兩個物種都曾在英國滅絕，但透過精細的環境管理成功地重新引進。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has called) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the current situation or news context.
中文： 现在完成时（has called）在此用于描述过去某个不确定时间点发生的动作，且该动作与目前的状况或新闻背景相关。
The government has announced a new policy regarding public transport.
政府已经宣布了一项关于公共交通的新政策。
EN： The Passive Infinitive (to be represented) consists of 'to be' + past participle. It is used when the focus is on the person or thing that receives the action rather than the one performing it.
中文： 被动不定式（to be represented）由“to be”加上过去分词组成。当重点在于动作的承受者而非执行者时，会使用此结构。
The students asked for the rules to be changed.
学生们要求更改规则。
EN： The RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is a very prominent charity in the UK. British culture places a high value on animal welfare, and the RSPCA often influences public debate on how animals are treated or perceived in society.
中文： RSPCA（皇家防止虐待動物協會）是英國非常著名的慈善機構。英國文化非常重視動物福利，RSPCA 經常影響公眾對於動物在社會中應如何被對待或看待的討論。
EN： The verb 'mention' is a transitive verb, meaning it is followed directly by an object (the things being mentioned) without a preposition like 'about'.
中文： 动词“mention”（提到）是一个及物动词，这意味着它后面直接接宾语（所提到的事物），不需要像“about”这样的介词。
She mentioned the new project during the meeting.
她在会议中提到了这个新项目。
EN： The structure 'mention A as B' is used to define the role or category (B) that the subject assigns to the object (A).
中文： 句型“mention A as B”用于定义主体为宾语（A）所分配的角色或类别（B）。
The coach mentioned him as a potential captain.
教练提到他是潜在的队长人选。
EN： The RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is a very influential charity in the UK. Their suggestion to include 'unpopular' animals like rats and pigeons reflects a British cultural value of fairness and the idea that all wildlife, not just the 'cute' ones, are part of the national identity.
中文： RSPCA（英國皇家防止虐待動物協會）在英國是非常有影響力的慈善機構。他們建議將老鼠和鴿子等「不受歡迎」的動物納入，反映了英國文化中公平的價值觀，以及認為所有野生動物（而不僅僅是「可愛」的動物）都是國家認同的一部分。
EN： Past Participle as an Adjective Phrase: The phrase 'issued by...' uses the past participle ('issued') to modify the noun 'banknotes'. It functions like a shortened relative clause ('which are issued by').
中文： 过去分词作为形容词短语：“issued by...”短语使用过去分词（issued）来修饰名词“banknotes”。它的功能类似于省略后的定语从句（which are issued by），用来补充说明该名词的状态或来源。
The books written by this author are very popular.
这位作者写的书非常受欢迎。
EN： The Adverb 'Already': This adverb is used to indicate that something has happened sooner than expected or to emphasize a current state that began in the past. In this sentence, it emphasizes that Scotland is ahead of England in using wildlife designs.
中文： 副词“already”（已经）：此副词用于表示某事比预期更早发生，或强调从过去就开始持续到现在的状态。在本句中，它强调苏格兰在采用野生动物设计方面领先于英格兰。
I have already finished my homework.
我已经完成我的作业了。
EN： In the United Kingdom, several retail banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland have the right to issue their own banknotes. While the Bank of England issues notes for the whole UK, Scottish notes are widely accepted but have distinct designs that often celebrate Scottish heritage and nature.
中文： 在英國，蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭的幾家零售銀行有權發行自己的鈔票。雖然英格蘭銀行發行通行全英國的鈔票，但蘇格蘭鈔票也被廣泛接受，且擁有獨特的設計，通常用以慶祝蘇格蘭的傳承與自然景觀。
EN： The Present Simple tense is used here to state a permanent fact or general truth about what is printed on the banknotes.
中文： 现在简单时在此用于陈述关于钞票上印制内容的永久事实或普遍真理。
The map shows the locations of all major cities.
这张地图显示了所有主要城市的位置。
EN： The Oxford Comma is the final comma in a list of three or more items, placed before 'and'. It helps clarify that the last two items are separate.
中文： 牛津逗号（Oxford Comma）是清单中三个或更多项目时，放在“and”之前的最后一个逗号。它有助于厘清最后两个项目是独立分开的。
I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
我买了苹果、橙子和香蕉。
EN： In the UK, different banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland issue their own banknotes, which often feature distinct regional designs compared to the Bank of England's notes. The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) 'Fabric of Nature' series specifically highlights Scottish wildlife.
中文： 在英國，蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭的不同銀行會發行自己的鈔票，其設計通常與英格蘭銀行的鈔票不同。蘇格蘭皇家銀行 (RBS) 的「自然之本」(Fabric of Nature) 系列特別強調了蘇格蘭的野生動物。
EN： Present Perfect Passive: Formed using 'has/have + been + past participle'. It describes an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result in the present, emphasizing the receiver of the action.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态：由“has/have + been + 过去分词”构成。用于描述过去发生但时间不明确，且对现在有影响的动作，重点在于动作的承受者。
The new library has been opened by the mayor.
新图书馆已由市长剪彩开幕。
EN： Agent with 'by': In passive sentences, the person or thing performing the action (the agent) is introduced using the preposition 'by'.
中文： 使用“by”引出执行者：在被动句中，执行动作的人或事物（施事者）通常由介词“by”引导。
The song was written by a famous musician.
这首歌是由一位著名的音乐家创作的。
EN： The five pound note (often called a 'fiver') is the lowest denomination of banknote in the UK. Chris Packham is a very influential naturalist and TV presenter in Britain, known for his strong views on wildlife conservation.
中文： 五英鎊紙幣（常被稱為 'fiver'）是英國面額最低的紙幣。克里斯·帕卡姆（Chris Packham）是英國非常有影響力的自然學家和電視節目主持人，以其對野生動物保育的強烈觀點而聞名。
EN： The structure 'describe A as B' is used to state how someone or something is characterized. 'As' functions as a preposition here, followed by a noun phrase or adjective that defines the object.
中文： 结构“describe A as B”用于说明某人或某事物的特征。这里的“as”作为介词，后面接名词短语或形容词来定义宾语。
The teacher described the student as hardworking and creative.
老师将这位学生描述为勤奋且有创意。
EN： The word 'that' introduces a relative clause (adjective clause) to provide more information about the noun 'animals'. Since 'that' acts as the subject of the clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'deserve'.
中文： 单词“that”引导一个定语从句（形容词从句），用来提供关于名词“animals”的更多信息。由于“that”在从句中担任主语，其后直接接动词“deserve”。
I like books that have happy endings.
我喜欢有快乐结局的书。
EN： Chris Packham is a well-known British naturalist and TV presenter. His nomination of the red fox is significant because foxes are controversial in the UK; while many love them, they are also seen as pests in urban areas and were historically hunted in the countryside.
中文： 克里斯·派克漢（Chris Packham）是英國著名的自然學家和電視節目主持人。他提名紅狐具有重要意義，因為狐狸在英國頗具爭議；雖然許多人喜愛牠們，但牠們在城市地區也被視為害獸，且在鄉村歷史上有狩獵狐狸的傳統。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 野生动物
在本文中： 钞票；纸币
在本文中： 货币
在本文中： 咨询；磋商
在本文中： 伪造；制造假币
在本文中： 决选名单；候选名单
在本文中： 标准；准则
在本文中： 绝种；灭绝
在本文中： 候选人；候选物
在本文中： 提名
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To cause something to exist again or return to its original state.
恢复；使...重新出现
Famous or important people from the past.
历史人物
To publicly ask for something to happen.
呼吁；要求
The standards or rules used to make a choice.
筛选标准
Not anymore; used to say that a situation has ended.
不再
A formal process in which the public is asked for their opinion on a proposal or change.
公众咨询
The person in charge of a meeting, organization, or committee.
主席 / 负责人
A piece of paper money issued by a central bank.
纸币 / 钞票